大氣污染成致癌原因

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在中國(guó)，城市籠罩在濃重霧霾里成了司空見(jiàn)慣的情景。世界衛(wèi)生組織的國(guó)際癌癥研究機(jī)構(gòu)將大氣污染歸為致癌物。據(jù)稱，有“充分證據(jù)”證實(shí)，暴露在大氣污染下的戶外的人會(huì)患肺癌，而且還會(huì)增加患膀胱癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Cityscapesshrouded①inthicksmoghavebecomeacommonsceneinChina.Lastwinter，Beijing’s“airpocalypse”garnered②headlinesworldwideandgeneratedmuchangeranddebatewithinChina.Butthisweek，airpollutionlevelsinthenortheasterncityofHarbinsurpassedthepreviousrecordlevelsinBeijing.ThecitywasessentiallyshutdownafterPM2.5，fineparticulatepollutionthatisconsideredhazardous，reachedlevelsof1，000microgramspercubicmetre—40timesthesafetylevelrecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.Schools，motorwaysandanairportwereclosedonTuesdayasvisibilityinsomeareasofthecitydroppedtolessthan10metres.

Beforesomedays，theWorldHealthOrganization’sInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer（IARC）classifiedairpollutionascarcinogenic③.Itstatedthatthereis“sufficientevidence”thatexposuretooutdoorairpollutioncauseslungcancerandalsolinkeditwithanincreasedriskofbladdercancer.Itsaidthatexposurehasincreasedsignificantlyparticularlyin“industrialcountrieswithlargepopulations”suchasChina.“Theairwebreathhasbecomepollutedwithamixtureofcancer-causingsubstances，”KurtStraif，headoftheIARCMonographsSectionsaidinapressreleased.“Wenowknowthatoutdoorairpollutionisnotonlyamajorrisktohealthingeneral，butalsoaleadingenvironmentalcauseofcancerdeaths.”

Thesefindings，whiletheyshowChina’sairpollutionproblem，donotcomeasashocktoChineseresidents.Increasinglythehealthimplicationsofpollutionhavebeendiscussedonlineinlocalmedia.OntheChinesesocialmediasiteWeibo，manyuserscomplainedaboutthepollutioninHarbinandsharedtheirconcerns.China’ssmoghasalreadybeenwidelylinkedtorespiratory④illnessesandaccordingtothestatenewsagencyXinhua，medicalexpertswarnedthattherewillbeanincreaseinthenumberofpeopleneedingtreatmentafterthehighlevelsinHarbin.EarlierthisyearitwasannouncedthatcanceristheleadingcauseofdeathinthecapitalBeijing.WhileinShanghaiitwasreportedthatthenumberofcasesoftumorshadrisen.AccordingtofiguresfromtheHealthandFamilyPlanningCommission36，000peopleinthecitydieofcancerayear，andpartsofcancerscomefromairpollution.

Notes：

①shroudvt.覆蓋

②garnervt.獲得；積累

③carcinogenicadj.致癌物（質(zhì)）的

④respiratoryadj.呼吸的

1.Thetextmainlytellsus____.

A.nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplegetcancers

B.airpollutioncancausecancer

C.Harbin’sairpollutionisveryserious

D.howtopreventcancersthatcancausedeaths

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“visibility”inparagraphonemean？

A.definitionB.forgettable

C.applicationD.revision

3.Whichofthefollowingswillbethebesttitleforthetext？

A.Airpollutioncancerlinkconfirmed

B.Airpollutionandit’sdangerous

C.Whatisairpollution

D.China’sairpollutionbecomesmoreandmoreserious

4.Thetextcomesfroma_____.

A.newsreportB.novel

C.magazineD.film

答案與解析：

1.答案為B。主旨大意題。從文章第二段的第一句可知空氣污染和癌癥的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)C只是文章的表象。

2.答案為A。詞義猜測(cè)題。由第一段的最后一句可知visibility意為“能見(jiàn)度”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有definition有“清晰度”的意思，因此選A。

3.答案為A。標(biāo)題概括題。全文都在說(shuō)空氣污染和癌癥之間的關(guān)系，由第二段可知，已有證據(jù)證明空氣污染也是導(dǎo)致癌癥的原因。

4.答案為A。文章來(lái)源題。由第一段的第一句，我們可知是新聞的導(dǎo)語(yǔ)，所以答案為A。

【長(zhǎng)難句分析】

1.Itstatedthatthereis“sufficientevidence”thatexposuretooutdoorairpollutioncauseslungcancerandalsolinkeditwithanincreasedriskofbladdercancer.

分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主語(yǔ)從句中含有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句thatexposuretooutdoorairpollutioncauseslungcancerandalsolinkeditwithanincreasedriskofbladdercancer。it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是第一個(gè)that后的從句。

句意：據(jù)稱，有“充分證據(jù)”證實(shí)，暴露在大氣污染下的戶外的人會(huì)患肺癌，而且還會(huì)增加患膀胱癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

2.Wenowknowthatoutdoorairpollutionisnotonlyamajorrisktohealthingeneral，butalsoaleadingenvironmentalcauseofcancerdeaths.

分析：本句是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中使用了notonly...butalso。當(dāng)notonly置于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。如：Notonlydoestelevisionappealtothosewhocanreadbuttothosewhocan’t.電視不僅吸引閱讀的人，而且吸引了不會(huì)閱讀的人。

句意：我們現(xiàn)在知道，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，室外空氣污染不僅是一個(gè)重大健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也是一種癌癥死亡的首要環(huán)境因素。

【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥】

WhileinShanghaiitwasreportedthatthenumberofcasesoftumorshadrisen.

句意：然而在上海，據(jù)報(bào)道腫瘤病例的數(shù)量也已經(jīng)上升了。

分析：本句是主語(yǔ)從句。it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是thatthenumberofcasesoftumorshadrisen。這里我們重點(diǎn)關(guān)注while的用法。在本句中while是“然而”的意思。while是高考的?？键c(diǎn)，用法如下：

表示“在……期間，當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，指一段時(shí)間，不能用來(lái)表示時(shí)間