2024屆高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)人教版（2023） 必修 第一冊Unit 4 &5單元訓(xùn)練卷3（含答案）

第第頁2024屆高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)人教版（2023）必修第一冊Unit4&5單元訓(xùn)練卷3（含答案）必修一Unit4-Unit5

第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）

一、閱讀理解

A

TheAnalysisofFriendshipwithRobinDunbar

Friendshipisthesinglemostimportantthingthataffectsourpsychologicalandourphysicalhealthandwell-being.It’salsoveryexpensivebecause,ifwewantfriendshipstoworkforus,wehavetoinvestalotoftimeinkeepingthem.Inthisonlinetalk,RobinDunbarwillexplainhowourbrainscreatefriendshipsforus.

Aboutthespeaker:

RobinDunbarisProfessorofEvolutionaryPsychologyattheUniversityofOxford.HespentthefirsthalfofhiscareerstudyingthesocialbehaviorofmonkeysandantelopesinAfrica,andthesecondhalfstudyinghumans.Hehaspublished400sciencejournalarticles.Besides,hehascontributedtomanyradioandTVsciencedocumentaries,andhaswrittenadozenpopularsciencebooks.

What’sincludedinyourticket:

●Livelecturelasting60minutesincludingQ&AwithRobinDunbarOn-demandaccesstoarecordingofthelectureandQ&Afor12monthsBookinginformation:

●Thisonlineeventwillstartat6p.m.onThursday21,October2023andwilllastforonehour.Accesstoarecordingoftheeventwillbeavailabletoticketpurchasersforthe12monthsfollowingtheliveevent.

●Aticketcostsyouthirteendollars.We’llemailyouaconfirmationimmediatelyafterpurchase.You’llreceiveaseparateemailwithalinktoaccesstheeventauditorium(禮堂)beforetheevent.Pleasenotethateachlinkisuniqueandshouldn’tbeshared.

●NewScientistLtdreservestherighttochangetheeventanditsline-up,orcanceltheevent.Intheunlikelyeventofcancellation,allticketswillbefullyrefunded.NewScientistLtdwon’tberesponsibleforanyadditionalexpensescausedbyticketholdersinrelationtotheevent.

1.Whatwilltheonlinetalkbemainlyabout

A.Theexpensesoffriendship.B.Theformationoffriendship.

C.Theproblemsoffriendship.D.Theimportanceoffriendship.

2.WhatachievementhasRobinDunbaralreadymade

A.Hehascollectedmanysciencedocumentaries.

B.Hehaspublishedtwelvepopularsciencebooks.

C.Hehasgivenmanyinspirationalspeechesonline.

D.Hehaswrittenover400papersonsocialbehavior.

3.Whichofthefollowingwillbegiventotheticketholders

A.Asixty-minute-longlivelecture.

B.Accesstothespeaker’swritings.

C.Achancetointerviewthespeaker.

D.Involvementinrecordingthelecture.

B

OnAugust25,HurricaneHarveymadelandfallinSouthernTexas.Thestormlastedfordays,pouringalmost52inchesofrain.Thedownpourhascausedwidespreadflooding,forcingmorethan32,000peopleintosheltersanddamagingthecity’swatersupplysystem.

Theonlysilverliningisthatdisastersliketheseseemedtounitepeople.Whilethenumberoforganizationsandindividualsthathavegoneallouttoassistthevictimsistoomanytolist,herearesomehighlightsoftheoutpouringofsupportthathasmadeheadlinesthispastweek.

Aweekago,NFIplayerJJWattsetupawebsitewithagoaltoraise$200,000.Soonhehascollectedover$18million,andthedonationskeeppouringin.Thethrilledfootballstarwantstoensurethemoneyisusedwhereneeded,saying,“We’retryingtomakesureitgoesdirectlytothepeople.Soourfirstwaveofoperationiswe'llhaveninesemi-trucksgoingoutthereandIwillgostraightintothecommunitiesandhandstuffoutthere.”

Ordinaryindividualsarenotshyingawayfromhelpingeither.JimMcIngvale,theownerofafurniturestore,turnedhistwo100,000-square-footwarehouseintoshelters.Whenaskedifhewasconcernedaboutthefurniturethatwasbeingusedbythoselivingthere,heresponded,“Thesepeoplearenice.They’retakingcareofthefurniture.Furniture’smadetobesaton,sleptonorlaidon.It’sjustaproduct.”

Therearealsomanyunsungheroesthatareputtingtheirlivesatrisktohelpothers.Afterdiscoveringanelderlymantrappedinsidehistruck,localpeoplemadeahumanchainthroughthedangerouswatertodraghimtosafety.

Whilethereisnotmuchanyonecouldhavedonetopreventtheloss,peopleacrosstheUSaredoingeverythingtheycantohelpitspeoplerecover.

4.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwords“silverlining”inparagraph2

A.problemB.opportunity

C.solutionD.comfort

5.HowdidJJWattmostprobablyfeelaboutthedonation

A.DisappointedB.Confused.

C.Unexpected.D.Dissatisfied.

6.WhatdidJimMcIngvaledotohelpthevictimsinthedisaster

A.Hehelpedtosavethemfromdrowning.

B.Heofferedthemaplacetolivein.

C.Heprovidedworkfortheminhisstore.

D.Herentedfurnituretothemcheaply.

7.Whatspiritdoestheauthormainlyintendtopraise

A.Determination.B.Selflessness.

C.Honesty.D.Bravery.

C

Stopwastingyourtimethinkingofreasonsforyourfailures.Instead,realizethattheseedsofsuccesswereplantedwithinyouwhenyouwereborn.Onlyyouhavethepowertomakethoseseedsgrow.

Theseeds,andthepowertogrowthem,arecontainedinthemostawesomemachineevercreated:thehumanmind.Successisachoiceandnotachance.Youwerebornawinner.Youwerebornrich.Youcanbeasuccessifonlyyoumaketherightchoice.

Youcannotbesuccessfulwithoutfirstdevelopingyourself-confidence.Yourlevelofself-confidenceisalwaysbasedonthedegreeofcontrolthatyouareabletoexerciseoveryourself,andthusoveryourlife.Peoplewithlowself-confidencearepeoplewhodonotbelievethattheyhaveanypower,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.Theyarealwaysvictims.Theyareleavestossed(搖擺)bythewindsofchanceblownaboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.

Youcanexercisecontroloveryourlifeonlytothedegreethatyoubelieveyouareresponsibleforeverythingthathappensinyourlife.Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccidentandchance.Successfulpeoplerealizethattheyareresponsible.

Everythinghappensasaresultofsomething.Ifwecanidentify(確定)thecause,wecancontroltheeffect.Weareresponsibleforwhatwechoosetothinkandbelieve.Onegenerallyrisestothelevelthatoneexpects.Weareresponsibleforsettingourexpectations.Oursuccessisdependentuponourlevelofconfidence.

Inallareasofyourlife,whethertheyarefinancial,physical,orspiritual,youareresponsible.Onceyourecognizethis,acceptit,andfirmlybelieveit.Youareontheroadtosuccess.

8.Peoplewithlowself-confidencearecomparedtoleavesbecausethey______.

A.don’thavethepowertofacetheirlives

B.arereadytochangetheirminds

C.can’texercisecontroloverthemselves

D.areeasilyaffectedbywindyweather

9.Loserswouldthinkthat______.

A.theyfailonlybecauseofbadluck

B.theydon’tmakeeffortstosucceed

C.successistheresultofhardwork

D.workinghardwillleadtosuccess

10.Itcanbeinferredfromthefifthparagraphthat______.

A.whatwebelieveinistheresultofcreativemind

B.whetherwewillsucceeddependsonourattitudes

C.settingourexpectationsisvitalbeforetakingaction

D.knowingcauseandeffectisthekeytofuturesuccess

11.Thelastparagraphservesas______.

A.anintroductiontoanothertopic

B.acomparisonbetweentwoviews

C.theproofoftheauthor’spoints

D.theconclusionoftheargument

D

Peopleoftenaskwhichisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn,anditisnoteasytoanswerbecausetherearetoomanyfactorstotakeintoconsideration.Firstly,inafirstlanguagethedifficultiesareunimportantaspeoplelearntheirmothertonguenaturally,sothequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnonlymakesmoresensewhenlearningasecondlanguage.

AnativespeakerofSpanish,forexample,willfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearnthananativespeakerofChinesebecausePortugueseisverysimilartoSpanish,whileChineseisverydifferent,sofirstlanguagecanaffectlearningasecondlanguage.Thegreaterthedifferencesbetweenthesecondlanguageandourfirstlanguage,theharderitwillbeformostpeopletolearn.ManypeopleanswerthatChineseisthehardestlanguagetolearn,possiblyinfluencedbythethoughtoflearningtheChinesewritingsystem,andthepronunciationofChinesedoesappeartobeverydifficultformanyforeignlearners.However,forJapanesespeakers,whoalreadyuseChinesecharactersintheirownlanguage,learningwritingwillbelessdifficultthanforspeakersoflanguagesusingtheRomanalphabet.

Somepeopleseemtolearnlanguageseasily,whileothersfinditverydifficult.Teachersandthecircumstancesinwhichthelanguageislearnedalsoplayanimportantrole,aswellaseachlearner’smotivationforlearning.Ifpeoplelearnalanguagebecausetheyneedtouseitprofessionally,theyoftenlearnitfasterthanpeoplestudyingalanguagethathasnodirectuseintheirdaytodaylife.

Obviously,BritishdiplomatsandotherembassystaffhavefoundthatthesecondhardestlanguageisJapanese,whichwillprobablycomeasnosurprisetomany,butthelanguagethattheyhavefoundtobethemostproblematicisHungarian,whichusesasimilaralphabettoEnglishbuthas35cases(formsofanounsaccordingtowhetheritissubject,object,genitive,etc).ThisdoesnotmeanthatHungarianisthehardestlanguagetolearnforeveryone,butitcausesBritishdiplomaticpersonnel,whoaregenerallyusedtolearninglanguages,themostdifficulty.However,Tabassaran,aCaucasianlanguagehas48cases,soitmightcausemoredifficultyifBritishdiplomatshadtolearnit.

Differentculturesandindividualsfromthosecultureswillfinddifferentlanguagesmoredifficult.Therefore,itisimpossibletosaythatthereisonelanguagethatisthemostdifficultlanguageintheworld.

12.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph

A.Thequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisonlyapplicabletofirstlanguageacquisition.

B.Thequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisonlyapplicabletosecondlanguageacquisition.

C.Thequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisapplicabletobothfirstandsecondlanguageacquisition.

D.Therearetoomanylanguagesintheworldsoit’sdifficulttosaywhichoneisthemostdifficulttolearn.

13.WhichlanguagewillanativePortuguesespeakerprobablyfindeasiertolearn

A.Chinese,becausePortugueseuseChinesecharactersintheirownlanguage.

B.Japanese,becauseitissimilartotheirownlanguage.

C.Spanish,becauseitalsousesRomanalphabet.

D.AnyonebutChinese,becauseitspronunciationisverydifficult.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circumstances”refertoinParagraph3

A.Aparticularsituationorenvironment.

B.Thedegreeofeducationthatsomebodyhasobtained.

C.Teachers’encouragement.

D.Professionaltraining.

15.Theauthorismostlikelytoagree______

A.manyBritishdiplomatslearnTabassaran.

B.Hungarian’sgrammaticalcomplexitycausesproblemsfornativeBritishspeakers.

C.TabassaranisthehardestlanguagetolearnintheworldfornativeEuropeanspeakers.

D.learningadifferentwritingsystemisveryeasyforBritishspeakers.

二、七選五

Forestfiresburnthousandsofacresoflandeachyear.Theydestroyanimalandhumanhomes,killingmanycreaturesintheirpath.___16___Theymakeforestshealthierbyclearingoutdeadwood,makingroomfornewtrees.Theheatofafireisneededbysomeseedsbeforetheycanbegintogrow.But,goodorbad,forestfiresneedtobecontrolled.

___17___Firefightersrelyonteamwork.Thisgroupoffirefighters,knownasahandcrew,willworktogetherwithabulldozer(推土機)andahelicopter.Thecrewhikeintothewoodstocutafireline.Afirelineisapaththroughtheforeststrippedofallplants.Soildoesn’tburn,sothefirewon’tcrossthislineifthelineiswideenough.

___18___Usingchainsaws,thefirsttwocrewmemberscutthebigwoodoutofthepath.Nextcometwoswampers,whoclearawaythewood.Thenextfirefightersinlinebreakupthegroundandhackattheremainingplants.Lastcomefirefighterswithshovelsandotherhandtools.___19___

Tomakesurethefirewon’tjumptheline,abulldozerfollowsthehandcrew.Inonepass,thebulldozertriplesthewidthofthefireline.Thehandcrewfollowthebulldozertoremoveanyplantsleftbehind.

___20___Ahugerubberbucketiscarriedbeneaththehelicopter.Withtheflickofaswitch,thepilotreleasesthebottomofthebucket,andwaterpourstotheground.

A.Butsomeforestfiresalsodogood.

B.Forestfiresdogreatharmtonature.

C.Thehandcrewworkinalongline.

D.Let’sseewhatitmeanstobeaforestfirefighter.

E.Theworkoffirefightersishardaswellasdangerous.

F.Ifthefirethreatenstojumptheline,thecrewcallinthehelicopter.

G.Aseachfirefightertakesaswingattheground,thefirelinegetsbetter.

三、完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

OnMondaymorningaround9:30a.m,28-year-oldBenDelahunty’shikingpartnerputinacalltoreportthathisfriendwas___21___underalargestoneintheareaofLakeVivianeinWashington.

Hesaidhisfriend’swristwasstuckbythestoneanditwasalso___22___hislegs,buttheywerenotabletoimmediatelymovetheboulderasitwas___23___thesizeofarefrigerator.Theyinitiallyfeltreally___24___onthelargestone-butallofasuddenitstartedto___25___andheendedupunderneathit.

Therescueproved___26___forofficials.Theywerenearlyonacliff(懸)sideandthestonewasalsobeingheldinplacebyatree.Thescenepresentedauniquechallengeofgetting___27___capableofmovingthestoneaswellasrescuersonthescene___28___.

TheStateEmergencyManagementrequestedahelicoptertohelp.Additionally,localfiredepartmentswerealso___29___.Thecrewsimmediatelyfoundthisrescuehadmorechallenges.Theofficialsneededropestosafely___30___thehiker’slocationastherewasariskoffallingwhile___31___thestone.

However,duetochallenging___32___conditions,includingheavywinds,thefirstattempttolifthimintothehelicopterwas___33___.At4:45p.m.therewasenoughofa___34___intheweathertoallowthemtoattemptanotheroperation.___35___,theyweresuccessfulandtransportedMr.Delahuntytothehospital.

21.A.trappedB.discoveredC.hurtD.murdered

22.A.underneathB.beyondC.acrossD.behind

23.A.completelyB.approximatelyC.exactlyD.merely

24.A.naturalB.stableC.dangerousD.comfortable

25.A.disappearB.floatC.crashD.slide

26.A.stubbornB.regularC.toughD.impossible

27.A.windB.ropeC.partnerD.equipment

28.A.intotalB.intimeC.inorderD.inpublic

29.A.contactedB.refusedC.awardedD.rewarded

30.A.recordB.accessC.observeD.check

31.A.dealingwithB.leavingbehindC.packingupD.blowingaway

32.A.landB.livingC.healthD.weather

33.A.meaningfulB.remarkableC.unsuccessfulD.promising

34.A.breakB.hitC.signD.delay

35.A.UsuallyB.InstantlyC.FinallyD.Surprisingly

第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）

四、語法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Manypiecesofbeautifulpottery(陶器)werediscoveredinLuoyang,HenanProvince,___36___therewereafewtombsoftheTangDynasty,whenarailwaywasintheprocessofbeingconstructedin1899.Thepiecesofpotterywereeitherinyellow,greenandwhitecolors___37___inyellow,greenandbrowncolors.

BecausetheywerefoundfromtombsoftheTangDynasty,theywerecalled“Tangtri-coloredglazedpottery”.

TheproductionofglassypotteryinChina___38___(date)backtoancienttimes.Coloredglazewasusuallynotapplied___39___theheadofapotteryfigure.Afterthebasewasbaked,afewtouchesofChineseink___40___(paint)torepresenttheeyes,eyebrowsandbeard.Thefacialexpressionandinnerworldofasmallstatuewereportrayed(刻畫)most___41___(vivid).

Thereareagreat___42___(various)ofTangtri-coloredglazedpotterypieces.Withuniqueshapes,theyhadtherichflavoroflife,___43___(cover)almosteveryfieldofliferelatedtothedead,frommodelsofarchitecturetoplates,bowlsandfromsmallstatuesoftheheavenlykingswith___44___badtempertothoseofbeautifulnobleladies.Theyshowedthe___45___(color)sociallifeandthesplendidcultureoftheTangDynasty.

五、書面表達(dá)

假如你是中學(xué)生李華，上周一，你們班舉行了一次地震知識演講比賽，請你根據(jù)你所學(xué)的知識寫一篇關(guān)于如何在地震中保護(hù)自身安全的演講稿。內(nèi)容要點如下：

1.在教室時怎樣做；2.在家時怎樣更安全；3.在街上時，要注意什么。

注意：1.詞數(shù)80詞左右；

2.開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：balcony(陽臺)

WhattoDoDuringanEarthquake

Asweallknow,anearthquakeisakindofterribledisaster.Sowhatshouldwedowhenanearthquakecomes

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

六、讀后續(xù)寫

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

ItwasonSeptember5th,mybirthday,thatweleftCambridgeandmovedaway.Wewenttotheseaside,toourholidayhouse,whichwasnowtobeourpermanenthome.

Irememberthedaywascoldandgrey,infallingslowlybutconstantly.Myfatherdroveinsilence.NoonespokeandallwecouldhearwasthesoundofthetyresonthewetroadWhenwegottothesmallhousenearthesea,mymotherquietlystartedtounpackthefewthingswehadbroughtwithus.Carol,JulieandIwentdowntothebeach.Wesaidweweregoingtolookforcrabsintherockpoolsbutactually,wejustwantedtogetawayfromourfatherandhiscoldsilence.

Weclimbedalongtherocksbythesideofthebeach.JulieandCarolbecameinterestedinsomeshellstheyfoundinoneofthepools.Iwanderedaway,lostinmyprivatethoughts.Itwasmybirthday,butnoonehadsaid“HappyBirthday”tome.Ihadnotreceivedanycardsorpresents.

Iwalkeddowntotheseashore,wherethewaveswerebreakinglazilyagainstthemuddysand.Suddenly,Isawsomethinggreenstickingoutofthewater.Ilookedatitmorecarefully.Thegreenthingmovedcloserandclosertotheshore,andwhenitwasalmostnearenoughformetotouch,Irealizedwhatitwas.

Itwasabottle.Iwentoverandpickeditup,allthetimelookingatit.Itseemedold,andhadnolabelonit.Then1realizedtherewassomethinginside.Slowly,Ipulledoutthewetcorkfromthetopofthebottle.Insidewasapieceofpaper.Withgreatcare,1tookoutthefoldedpaperandopenedit.

Writtenonitwerethesewords:

“Towhomsoeverfindsthisbottle,Ipromiseyouanewfriend.”

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Paragraph1

Istaredatthepaperandthenlookedaround.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph2

AsIopenedmyeyes,Ifoundmyfatherstandingrightbesideme.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案

【答案】1.B2.B3.A

【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一個在線演講的具體信息。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inthisonlinetalk,RobinDunbarwillexplainhowourbrainscreatefriendshipsforus.(在這個在線演講中，羅賓·鄧巴將解釋我們的大腦如何為我們創(chuàng)造友誼)”可知，在線演講的主要內(nèi)容是友誼的形成。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Aboutthespeaker部分的“Hehaspublished400sciencejournalarticles.Besides,hehascontributedtomanyradioandTVsciencedocumentaries,andhaswrittenadozenpopularsciencebooks.(他在科學(xué)期刊上發(fā)表了400篇文章。此外，他還為許多廣播和電視科學(xué)紀(jì)錄片做出了貢獻(xiàn)，并撰寫了十二本科普書籍)”可知，RobinDunbar已經(jīng)取得的成就是他出版了十二本科普書。故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)What’sincludedinyourticket部分的“Livelecturelasting60minutesincludingQ&AwithRobinDunbar(持續(xù)60分鐘的現(xiàn)場講座，包括與RobinDunbar的問答)”可知，提供給持票人60分鐘的現(xiàn)場講座。故選A。

【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.B

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講了一場颶風(fēng)哈維在德克薩斯州登陸，這場颶風(fēng)引發(fā)了大范圍的洪水，導(dǎo)致很多人無家可歸，這樣的災(zāi)難使得很多人團(tuán)結(jié)起來，NFI玩家JJWatt建立了一個籌錢網(wǎng)站，普通人也積極參與幫助那些受災(zāi)的人。

4.詞義猜測題。災(zāi)難的發(fā)生是令人痛苦的，但是該句“disastersliketheseseemedtounitepeople.”講的是災(zāi)難使很多人團(tuán)結(jié)，這里表達(dá)的是災(zāi)難出現(xiàn)后好的一面，令人欣慰的一面，A.problem問題；B.opportunity機會；C.solution解決方法；D.comfort安慰，寬慰。故D選項正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中第三段的“NFIplayerJJWattsetupawebsitewithagoaltoraise$200,000.Soonhehascollectedover$18million,andthedonationskeeppouringin.”可知，他本來打算籌集20萬美元，結(jié)果沒過多久數(shù)額就遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過，而且捐獻(xiàn)的錢數(shù)還在不斷增長。所以說這場捐獻(xiàn)是出乎意料的，Disappointed失望的；B.Confused迷惑的；C.Unexpected意外的，出乎意料的；D.Dissatisfied不滿意。故C選項正確。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中第四段的“JimMcIngvale,theownerofafurniturestore,turnedhistwo100,000-square-footwarehouseintoshelters.”可知，JimMcIngvale把倉庫變成了避難所，也就是給災(zāi)民提供了住處。故B選項正確。

7.推理判斷題。本文主要講了一場颶風(fēng)哈維在德克薩斯州登陸，這場颶風(fēng)引發(fā)了大范圍的洪水，導(dǎo)致很多人無家可歸，這樣的災(zāi)難使得很多人團(tuán)結(jié)起來，NFI玩家JJWatt建立了一個籌錢網(wǎng)站，普通人也積極參與幫助那些受災(zāi)的人，旨在贊揚那些無私奉獻(xiàn)的人，他們無私奉獻(xiàn)的精神，A.Determination決定；B.Selflessness自私；C.Honesty誠實；D.Bravery勇敢。故B選項正確。

【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D

【解析】這篇文章告訴我們每個人生來就是可以成功的，可以富裕的，那么區(qū)別到底在哪呢？在于你是否能夠讓成功的種子發(fā)芽。想成功，我們到底應(yīng)該怎么做。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段的Peoplewithlowself-confidencearepeoplewhodonotbelievethattheyhaveanypower,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.Theyarealwaysvictims.Theyareleavestossed(搖擺)bythewindsofchanceblownaboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.可知不自信的人不相信自己有能力，也不相信自己能夠為自己的生活做主。他們就像隨風(fēng)搖擺的落葉。故選擇C，意為他們不能掌控自己。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccidentandchance.可知，失敗者總是認(rèn)為事情的發(fā)生都是偶然的。故選擇A，認(rèn)為自己的失敗只是由于時運不濟(jì)。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的Weareresponsibleforsettingourexpectations.Oursuccessisdependentuponourlevelofconfidence可知，人們的思想和信念決定一切，走向成功需要對自己充滿期望和自信。故選擇B，意為我們的態(tài)度決定我們是否成功。

11.主旨大意題。最后一段主要總結(jié)整篇文章的內(nèi)容，即你對你的生活負(fù)責(zé)，要堅信這一點，這樣你就會走向成功。故選擇D，意為總結(jié)。

【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B

【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了世界上哪一種語言最難學(xué)。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Peopleoftenaskwhichisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn,anditisnoteasytoanswerbecausetherearetoomanyfactorstotakeintoconsideration.(人們經(jīng)常會問，哪一種語言最難學(xué)，因為要考慮的因素太多了，所以不容易回答)”可推知，世界上有太多的語言，所以很難說哪一種語言最難學(xué)。故選D。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AnativespeakerofSpanish,forexample,willfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearnthananativespeakerofChinesebecausePortugueseisverysimilartoSpanish,whileChineseisverydifferent,sofirstlanguagecanaffectlearningasecondlanguage.(例如，以西班牙語為母語的人會發(fā)現(xiàn)比以漢語為母語的人更容易學(xué)習(xí)葡萄牙語，因為葡萄牙語與西班牙語非常相似，而漢語則截然不同，所以第一語言會影響第二語言的學(xué)習(xí))”可知，以葡萄牙語為母語的人會覺得西班牙語更容易學(xué)，因為它也使用羅馬字母。故選C。

14.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Teachersandthecircumstancesinwhichthelanguageislearnedalsoplayanimportantrole,aswellaseachlearner’smotivationforlearning.Ifpeoplelearnalanguagebecausetheyneedtouseitprofessionally,theyoftenlearnitfasterthanpeoplestudyingalanguagethathasnodirectuseintheirdaytodaylife.(教師和學(xué)習(xí)語言的circumstances以及每個學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)動機也發(fā)揮著重要作用。如果人們學(xué)習(xí)一門語言是因為他們需要專業(yè)地使用它，他們通常比學(xué)習(xí)一門在日常生活中沒有直接使用的語言更快)”可知，老師和學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，還有每個學(xué)者的學(xué)習(xí)動機，在學(xué)語言中也扮演著重要作用。故畫線詞意思是“一個特別的境況和環(huán)境”。故選A。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Obviously,BritishdiplomatsandotherembassystaffhavefoundthatthesecondhardestlanguageisJapanese,whichwillprobablycomeasnosurprisetomany,butthelanguagethattheyhavefoundtobethemostproblematicisHungarian,whichusesasimilaralphabettoEnglishbuthas35cases(formsofanounsaccordingtowhetheritissubject,object,genitive,etc).ThisdoesnotmeanthatHungarianisthehardestlanguagetolearnforeveryone,butitcausesBritishdiplomaticpersonnel,whoaregenerallyusedtolearninglanguages,themostdifficulty.(顯然，英國外交官和其他大使館工作人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，第二難的語言是日語，這對許多人來說可能并不奇怪，但他們發(fā)現(xiàn)問題最多的語言是匈牙利語，它使用與英語相似的字母表，但有35個格（名詞的形式取決于它是主語、賓語、屬格等）。這并不是說匈牙利語對每個人來說都是最難學(xué)的語言，但它讓一般習(xí)慣學(xué)習(xí)語言的英國外交人員最困難)”可推知，不是匈牙利語的書寫體系而是它的語法復(fù)雜性給本地英國學(xué)者帶來麻煩。故選B。

【答案】16.A17.D18.C19.G20.F

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了發(fā)生森林火災(zāi)時，消防隊員的任務(wù)分工以及如何切斷火線滅火。

16.根據(jù)上文“Forestfiresburnthousandsofacresoflandeachyear.Theydestroyanimalandhumanhomes,killingmanycreaturesintheirpath”（森林火災(zāi)每年燒毀數(shù)千英畝的土地。它們摧毀了動物和人類的家園，殺死了沿途的許多生物）說明森林火災(zāi)的壞處，以及下文“Theymakeforestshealthierbyclearingoutdeadwood,makingroomfornewtrees.Theheatofafireisneededbysomeseedsbeforetheycanbegintogrow”（它們清除枯木，為新樹騰出空間，使森林更加健康。一些種子在開始生長之前需要火的熱量）介紹的森林火災(zāi)的好處，可知空格處應(yīng)起到承上啟下的作用，A選項“Butsomeforestfiresalsodogood.”（但是一些森林火災(zāi)也有好處）引出下文森林火災(zāi)的好處。故選A。

17.根據(jù)下文“Firefightersrelyonteamwork.Thisgroupoffirefighters,knownasahandcrew,willworktogetherwithabulldozer(推土機)andahelicopter.Thecrewhikeintothewoodstocutafireline.”（消防員依靠團(tuán)隊合作。這組消防員，被稱為徒手隊員，他們將與推土機和直升機一起工作。機組人員徒步進(jìn)入樹林切斷一條火線。）可知，本段主要介紹森林消防員的工作機制。D選項“Let’sseewhatitmeanstobeaforestfirefighter.”（讓我們看看當(dāng)森林消防員意味著什么）符合本段的主題，并且firefighters是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D。

18.根據(jù)本段第二句“Usingchainsaws,thefirsttwocrewmemberscutthebigwoodoutofthepath.”（第一批兩名工作人員用鏈鋸從小路上鋸下一大塊木頭）及第四句“Thenextfirefightersinlinebreakupthegroundandhackattheremainingplants.”（接下來排隊的消防隊員負(fù)責(zé)破土并砍掉剩下的植物。）可知，本段介紹森林消防員具體的工作場景，他們是排隊進(jìn)行工作的。C選項“Thehandcrewworkinalongline.”（徒手工作人員排著長隊工作）符合語境。故選C。

19.根據(jù)第二段“Thecrewhikeintothewoodstocutafireline.”（機組人員徒步進(jìn)入樹林切斷一條火線。）及本段“Usingchainsaws,thefirsttwocrewmemberscutthebigwoodoutofthepath..Nextcometwoswampers,whoclearawaythewood.Thenextfirefightersinlinebreakupthegroundandhackattheremainingplants.Lastcomefirefighterswithshovelsandotherhandtools.”（第一批兩名工作人員用鏈鋸從小路上鋸下一大塊木頭。接下來是兩個幫工，他們清理木頭。接下來排隊的消防隊員負(fù)責(zé)破土并砍掉剩下的植物。最后的消防隊員，他們用鏟子和其他手動工具）可知，本段詳細(xì)介紹了徒手隊員小組中每一個團(tuán)隊成員的分工任務(wù)，并且他們的總?cè)蝿?wù)是切斷火線。G選項“Aseachfirefightertakesaswingattheground,thefirelinegetsbetter.”（當(dāng)每個消防員在地面上揮桿時，火線變得更好）符合前后介紹清理出一條火線的語境。故選G。

20.根據(jù)下文“Ahugerubberbucketiscarriedbeneaththehelicopter.Withtheflickofaswitch,thepilotreleasesthebottomofthebucket,andwaterpourstotheground.”（一個巨大的橡膠桶被放在直升機下面。隨著一個開關(guān)的輕彈，飛行員釋放桶的底部，水就會傾瀉到地面）可知，飛行員所在機組在森林火災(zāi)中也承擔(dān)一定的任務(wù)。F選項“Ifthefirethreatenstojumptheline,thecrewcallinthehelicopter.”（如果火勢有可能越過警戒線，機組人員將呼叫直升機）指出火勢越過警戒線時直升機將起作用，符合前后的語境，且thehelicopter是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選F。

【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.D26.C27.D28.B29.A30.B31.A32.D33.C34.A35.C

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了BenDelahunty在徒步旅行過程中被卡在一塊大石頭下以及被拯救的過程。

21.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：周一上午9點半左右，28歲的本·德拉漢蒂(BenDelahunty)的徒步伙伴打電話報告說，他的朋友被困在華盛頓維維安湖地區(qū)的一塊大石頭下。A.trapped卡住；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.hurt受傷；D.murdered謀殺。根據(jù)“Hesaidhisfriend’swristwasstuckbythestone”可知，本·德拉漢蒂(BenDelahunty)被困在一塊大石頭下。故選A。

22.考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：他說，他朋友的手腕被石頭卡住了，石頭也夾在他的腿上，但他們無法立即移動巨石，因為它大約有冰箱那么大。A.underneath在……下面；B.beyond超出；C.across穿過；D.behind在……后面。根據(jù)“heendedupunderneathit”可知，石頭也夾在他的腿上。故選C。

23.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.completely完全地；B.approximately大約；C.exactly準(zhǔn)確地；D.merely僅僅。根據(jù)“thesizeofarefrigerator.”可知，巨石大約有冰箱那么大。故選B。

24.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們一開始覺得在大石頭上很穩(wěn)定，但突然石頭開始滑動，他被壓在了石頭下面。A.natural自然的；B.stable穩(wěn)定的；C.dangerous危險的；D.comfortable舒服的。根據(jù)“butallofasuddenitstartedto______andheendedupunderneathit.”可知，他們一開始覺得在大石頭上很穩(wěn)定。故選B。

25.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.disappear消失；B.float漂?。籆.crash撞擊；D.slide滑動。根據(jù)“Theyinitiallyfeltreally______onthelargestone-but”可知，剛開始覺得石頭穩(wěn)定，突然石頭開始滑動。故選D。

26.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實證明，營救對救援人員來說是艱難的。A.stubborn頑固的；B.regular有規(guī)律的；C.tough艱難的；D.impossible不可能的。根據(jù)“Theywerenearlyonacliff(懸)sideandthestonewasalsobeingheldinplacebyatree.”可知，營救難