新視野大學(xué)英語第三冊課后開放性問題答案解析

./Unit1Howdoyouunderstandthetitleofthepassage?FromthispassagewecanknowtherehadneverbeenanylimitationstowhatJimmy’slovecouldaccomplish.Ithinkthetitle"lovewithoutlimitations"isthewaywetreatothers.Lovethepeoplearoundusnomatterwhethertheyarehealthy,cleverorkind-hearted.Inourlives,weoftenseesomepeopletreatthedisabledpeoplebadly.Thisisaveryshamefulaction.Weshouldhaveakindedheartnomatterwhatwearedoing.Jimmy’sloveteachthepeoplearoundhimlovewithoutlimitations.IfyouwereinMargaret’sshoes,howwouldyoutreatJimmy?AsJimmy’ssister,IwillhelpJimmyovercomethediffculty.EventhoughJimmyisdiabled,healsocanlearnmanythings.Andhecanalsohelpothers.Iwillhelphimlearntolivebyhimself.Inthepresentlife,helivewithhisfamilymanbers,butlaterIwillhelphimstandup.Iwilltrymybesttohelphim,helphimbeconfident.AndJimmyhasakindheart.Healsohelpushappy.Makeasurveyonpeople’sattitudetowardthedisabledandmakeapresentation.Unit2Whatdoyouknowabouttherelationbetweenironandhealth?BrowsetheInternetandfindoutmoreinthisrespect,Theironisrelatedwithourhealth.Whenourbodyislockofiron,wewillfeelweak,tired,andoutofbreath.Mostofthepeoplethinkifwedoexercise,wewillbehealthy.Butwealwaysignoytheelemen.Mostofthepeopledon’ttakecareoftheiron.Tosomepeople,theyshouldhaveayearlyboodtesttocheckbloodironreserves.Ifironlevelsarelow,talkwithaphysiciantoseeifthedeficiencyshouldbecorrectedbymodifying<修改>yourdietorbytakingsupplements.Ingeneral,it’sbettertoundotheproblembyaddingmoreiron-richfoodtodiet,soinourdailylife,weneedtoeatmorefoodincludingironsuchasmeat,chicken,andfish.Wealsocaneatsomedates,beans,andsomelesfygreenvegetables.Don’twaituntilourbodieslockiron.Whatdoknowabouttherelationbetweenexerciseandhealth?Exercisecanhelpuskeephealthy.Moreandmorepeopleinthethemodernlifedon’tneedmuchtimetodoexercise.Sopeopledon’thaveahealthybody.Mostofusstudentsalwaysbeseatforalongtime.Weevenneedtakeexercise.Butnotallofthesportsfitusverywell.SomepeoplelikethoseAerobicexercise〔有氧運(yùn)動.Somepeoplelikerunning,suffingandswimming.Doexerciseisgoodforourhealth.ExercisecanIncreasedourbodyfunctionandreducefatigue.Whenwefeeltired,wecandosomeexercise.Discusswhatcontributestogoodhealth.KeepagoodstateofmindDoexerciseKeepagooddietUnit3GiveyourcommentsontheHydeSchool’HydeSchoolisdifferentfromotherschools.Itpaysattentiontodevelopthequalityofstudents.Notintelligenceorwealth.Conscienceandhardworkarevalued,Successismeasuredbygrowth,notacademicachievement.TheHydeSchooloperatesontheprinciplethatifyouteachstudentsthemeritofsuchvaluesastruth,courage,integrity,leadership,curiosityandconcern,thenacademicachievementacturallyfollows.Thisisaverynewprinciples.AndHydeSchoolalsopayattentiontodeveloptherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents,studentsandteacherstogetherdealwiththeacademics.Butinthetraditionalhighschoolsetting,itWhatarethemaindifferencesbetweentheHydeSchoolDifferences:<1>.HydeSchool’sprincipleisdifferentfromtraditionalschools.HydeSchooloperatesontheprinciplethatifyouteachstudentsthemeritofsuchvaluesastruth,courage,integrity,leadership.<2>.HydeSchool’<3>.Parentstakepartintheprogram,<4>HydeSchoolisfocusontherelationshipbetweenteacherandstudents.Intraditionalhighschoolsetting,it’IpreferHyde3.Doyouthinkitnecessarytoinvolveparentsintheeducationprogram?Yes,Ido.Whentheparentstakepartintheprogram,manystudentswillbeencouragedbytheirparents.Andparentswillsetamodelfortheirchildren.Childrentendtodotheirutmostwhentheyseetheirparentsmakingsimilarefforts.SoIthinkitnecessarytoinvolveparentsintheeducationprogram.Unit4BrowsetheInternetandfindoutmoreaboutthesymbolsoftheUSandmaleanoralreporttotheclass.TimeSquareTouristsflocktoNewYork’sneonheartfortheflashinglights,Broadwayshows,megastores,andsheerspectacle.Pedestrian-onlyareaswithcafétablesintroducedin2009haveonlymadeiteasierandmoreappealingtohangouthere.TimesSquarecanevenbeaconvenient,ifchaotic,base,thankstohotelsateverypricepointandeasyaccesstopublictransportation:subways,rails,buses,andmoreyellowtaxisthanyoucancount。HollywoodTheCityofHollywoodisamatureandbuilt-outcommunity,whererapidpopulationgrowthinthe1950sand1960shasgivenwaytoapopulationthatisstableinsizebutundergoingsignificantchangesinitscomposition.TheOctober1997issueofMoneyMagazinenotedthatHollywood'sdemographicsbestrepresentwhattheUnitedStateswilllooklikeintheyear2022.Hollywood'sracialdiversity,culturalvariety,andblendoftheoldandyoungarewherethecountryisheaded.Twenty-sevenpercentofHollywood'sresidentsare55orolder;thirteenpercentare45to54;andthirty-onepercentare25to44.Hispanicsmakeupseventeenpercent;AfricanAmericansthirteenpercent;Whitessixty-eightpercent;andAsianAmericanstwopercentofthepopulation.ThemagazineforecaststhatthiswillbethecompositionoftheUnitedStatesintheyear2022,withtheexceptionthatHispanicswillbefourteenpercentandAsianAmericansfivepercent.Hollywood,the"CityoftheFuture,"isproudofitsculturalandracialdiversity.SiliconValley<硅谷>SiliconValleyisanareathat"locatedontheSanFrancisco,California,peninsula,radiatesoutwardfromStanfordUniversity.ItiscontainedbytheSanFranciscoBayontheeast,theSantaCruzMountainsonthewest,andtheCoastRangetothesoutheast.Attheturnofthecentury,whenfruitorchardspredominated,theareawasknownastheValleyofHeart'sDelight"asCarolynE.Tajnai,managerofStanfordcomputerforumbeginsoneofherWeb-manuscriptthatisdescribingSiliconValleyHarvardUniversity〔哈佛大學(xué)MichiganStateUniversity〔密歇根州立大學(xué)2．WhatothersymbolsdoyouthinkuniquelyAmerican?答案同第一題3.WhatdoyouknowabouttheAmericanpeoplefromthesymbols?AdvocatingfreedomFashionIntelligentFocusonEducationUnit6Whatdoyouknowabouttheformationofanearthquake?Earthquakereferstothelithosphereininternalforcedescendfromnaturalfracture,theearthintheformofseismicwavescanstronglyreleased,resultinginacertainrangegroundvibrationphenomenon.

Theearthquakemanyreasons,accordingtothegenesisofearthquakes,canputdividedintothefollowingseveralearthquake:

1.Structuralearthquake

Duetothedeepundergroundstratarupture,bythecollapseoftheearthquakeasstructuralearthquake.Thiskindofearthquakethemosttimes,damagingthelargest,accountsforaboutmorethan90percentoftheworldearthquake.

Volcanicearthquake2.

Duetovolcanicaction,likethemagmaactivitycausedearthquakeknownasthevolcanoearthquake.Onlyinvolcanicareacanoccurvolcanicearthquake,thiskindofearthquakeaccountsforonly7%oftheworldearthquake.

Earthquakecollapse3.

Duetotheundergroundcavesorminestopsubsidencecausedbytheearthquakeknownasthecollapseofearthquake.Thiskindofearthquakerelativelysmallsize,numberarealsofew,althoughhave,alsooftenoccurincavecloudylimestoneregionorlarge-scaleundergroundminingofminingarea.

Induceearthquake4.

Becauseoftheinitialimpoundmentofthereservoirandactivitiessuchasinjectionwatercausedbyearthquakeknownastheinducedearthquake.Thiskindofearthquakeonlyincertainreservoiroroilfieldareahappen.

Artificialearthquake5.

Undergroundnuclearexplosion,explosivesarecausedbyartificialgroundvibrationcalledartificialearthquake.Artificialearthquakeiscausedbyhumanactivitiesofearthquake.Suchasindustrial,undergroundnuclearexplosioncausedbyblastingvibration,Indeepwaterinhighpressureandlargereservoirimpoundingincreasedcrustalstress,sometimesalsocaninduceearthquake.

Whenanearthquakeoccurs,themostbasicphenomenonisthegroundofcontinuousvibration,mainlyisobviousshaking.Inthequakeareapeoplefeelgreatshakingbefore,sometimesfirstfeelaboutbeats.Thisisbecauseseismicwavesfromundergroundtogroundcamethatp-wavefirstreach'ssake.S-wavethenproducethelargeamplitudeofthehorizontalwobble,isthemaincauseoftheearthquakedisaster.

Theearthquakeonnaturelandscapeimpact,themainconsequenceisgroundfaultingandgroundfissure.Earthquakegroundfaultoftentoseveralhundredkilometersstretchingdozens,oftenhavetheobviousverticalandhorizontaldistancefromthefaultfault,canreflectsourceinthetectonicchangecharacteristics.Butnotallsurfacerupturedirectlywithfocalthemovementsoflink,theycanalsobecausedbyseismicwavescausesecondaryinfluence.Especiallysurfacesedimentsthickerareas,slopingedge,riversandbothsidesthepath,whichoftenappeargroundfissuresareoftentheresultofterrainfactors,onthesidewithoutrelyingonshakingthatundertheconditionofsurfacebaggyandsplit.Earthquakejoltsmakeelongate-shapedsinking,shallowgroundwatersuffersextrudingwillrisetothesurfacealongthegroundfissures,formingsandblastingtakewaterphenomenon.Largeearthquakescanmakelocalterrainchange,oruplift,orsettlement.Makeurbanandruralroadbran,railsdistortion,bridgebroken.Inmoderncity,asundergroundpipesburstandcablewascutoffwater,powerandcommunicationscausedby.Gas,toxicgasesandradiationcancausefireandpoisons,radioactivepollutionandsoonsecondarydisasters.Inthemountains,theearthquakecancauselandslidesandlandslides,oftencauseburytownstragedy.Collapseofrocksblockedrivers,formedinupstreamquakelake.地震是指巖石圈在內(nèi)力作用下脫然發(fā)生破裂,地球內(nèi)能以地震波的形式強(qiáng)烈釋放出來,從而引起一定范圍內(nèi)地面震動的現(xiàn)象。

發(fā)生地震的原因很多,根據(jù)地震的成因,可以把地震分為以下幾種：

1．構(gòu)造地震

由于地下深處巖層錯動、破裂所造成的地震稱為構(gòu)造地震。這類地震發(fā)生的次數(shù)最多,破壞力也最大,約占全世界地震的90%以上。

2．火山地震

由于火山作用,如巖漿活動等引起的地震稱為火山地震。只有在火山活動區(qū)才可能發(fā)生火山地震,這類地震只占全世界地震的7%左右。

3．塌陷地震

由于地下巖洞或礦井頂部塌陷而引起的地震稱為塌陷地震。這類地震的規(guī)模比較小,次數(shù)也很少,即使有,也往往發(fā)生在溶洞密布的石灰?guī)r地區(qū)或大規(guī)模地下開采的礦區(qū)。

4．誘發(fā)地震

由于水庫蓄水、油田注水等活動而引發(fā)的地震稱為誘發(fā)地震。這類地震僅僅在某些特定的水庫庫區(qū)或油田地區(qū)發(fā)生。

5．人工地震

地下核爆炸、炸藥爆破等人為引起的地面振動稱為人工地震。人工地震是由人為活動引起的地震。如工業(yè)爆破、地下核爆炸造成的振動；在深井中進(jìn)行高壓注水以及大水庫蓄水后增加了地殼的壓力,有時也會誘發(fā)地震。

地震發(fā)生時,最基本的現(xiàn)象是地面的連續(xù)振動,主要是明顯的晃動。在震區(qū)的人在感到大的晃動之前,有時首先感到上下跳動。這是因?yàn)榈卣鸩◤牡叵孪虻孛鎮(zhèn)鱽?縱波首先到達(dá)的緣故。橫波接著產(chǎn)生大振幅的水平方向的晃動,是造成地震災(zāi)害的主要原因。

地震對自然界景觀產(chǎn)生很大影響,最主要的后果是地面出現(xiàn)斷層和地裂縫。大地震的地表斷層常綿延幾十至幾百千米,往往具有較明顯的垂直錯距和水平錯距,能反映出震源處的構(gòu)造變動特征。但并不是所有的地表斷裂都直接與震源的運(yùn)動相聯(lián)系,它們也可能是由于地震波造成的次生影響。特別是地表沉積層較厚的地區(qū),坡地邊緣、河岸和道路兩旁常出現(xiàn)地裂縫,這往往是由于地形因素,在一側(cè)沒有依托的條件下晃動使表土松垮和崩裂。地震的晃動使表土下沉,淺層的地下水受擠壓會沿地裂縫上升至地表,形成噴沙冒水現(xiàn)象。大地震能使局部地形改觀,或隆起,或沉降。使城鄉(xiāng)道路坼裂、鐵軌扭曲、橋梁折斷。在現(xiàn)代化城市中,由于地下管道破裂和電纜被切斷造成停水、停電和通訊受阻。煤氣、有毒氣體和放射性物質(zhì)泄漏可導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)和毒物、放射性污染等次生災(zāi)害。在山區(qū),地震還能引起山崩和滑坡,常造成掩埋村鎮(zhèn)的慘劇。崩塌的山石堵塞江河,在上游形成地震湖。Theinterioroftheearthquakeismediumruptureoccurredlocallyproducedsharply,seismicinsidecertainlimits,thuscausesthegroundvibrationphenomenon.Earthquakesoccurbeganassource,justabovethegroundsourceastheepicentre.Themostdevastatingearthquakegroundvibrationfierceplacecalledhuozhouhuozhouandoftenistheepicenterarea.BrowsetheInternetforthestoryaboutearthquakethatimpressyoumost,andshareitwithyourclassmates.OnMay12th,apowerfulearthquakemeasuring7.8ontheRichterScalehasattackedthevillagewhichwascalledWenchuaninSichuanProvince.

IsurfedtheInternetfrommorningtillnighttoseewhatwerehappeninginthatplace.IfellverydistressedthatwhenIsawthepictures.Thewholevillageswerewipedoutbytheterribleearthquake.Hundredsofpeoplelosttheirlivesorwererenderedhomeless.Butfortunately,millionsofpeoplehomeorbroadhavegivenfreelyinresponsetotheappealforthevictimsoftheearthquake.

Ihopeallofuscantryourbesttohelpthevictimsoutofthisterribledisasterassoonaspossible.

Chinaisagreatnation!Chineseareallgreatpeople!GreatChinesemustdefeatallthedifficultiestheymeetatlast!

Inthesoundofthewhistle,theMaymeetingofrainandtears.Thisisasadmoment:themothers,fathers,sons,daughters,wives,husbands,lovers,teachers,students,friends,colleagues,neighbours…...toat14:28onMay12beforethedull,busy,hope,Disappointed,sad,happy……thosebeutifuldays.

3.Earthquakeisoneofnaturaldisastersthatweshouldlearntolivewith.Notinfearof,LearninghowtoprepareforanearthquakemakesyouabitsaferAfteranearthquake,yourhomecouldbeamess.Thereareseveralthingsyoucandotoprepareforanearthquakebeforeithappens.Bewareofheavybooks.Placethemonlowershelves.Checkforhazardsinsideyourhome.Hangitemssuchaspicturesandmirriorsawayfrombedsandanywherepeoplesit.Identifysafeplacesineachroom.locatesafeplacesoutdoorsawayfrombuildings.trees,electricallinesandbridges.Turnoffgas.electrityandwater.Havesomedisastersuppliesonhand.Unit7Doyouthinkone’spersonalityissoimportantastoinfluencetheirsuccess?Giveyourreasons.Yes,Ido.First,oneperson’spersonalityisrelatedwiththewayhedealwiththethings.Everyonehashisownway.Someoneisveryconscientious<認(rèn)真>andsomeonearenot.Second,one’spersoncaninfluencewhattheythink.Andthiscandecidewhetherhecansucceedornot.Sopersonalitycaninfluncemanythings.Andotherpeoplealsoevaluateonemanbyhispersonality.Agoodpersonalityisveryimportant.Sometimesitcanhelpyougetthechance.Andyouwillsucceed.Soone’spersonalityissoimportantastoinfluencetheirsuccess.Howdoyouseeone’sacademicperformanceatschoolinrelationtotheirfutureachievement?Ithinksomeone’sacademicperformanceatschoolcaninfluencehisfutureachievementinsomeway.Nopains,ongains!Onewhoseacademicperformanceatschooliswellmeansheknowsmoreknowledge.Thatwillhelphimgetabrighterfuture.Butapersonwhowanttogetthemostachievemrntsneedssomeotherthings,suchascourage.Experienceandsomeopportunities.That’sallmyopinion.3.FindmoreaboutBillGatesontheInternetandmakeareporttotheclass.William<Bill>H.Gatesistheworld'sleadingpersonalcomputersoftwarevendors-Microsoft'sfounder,formerchairmanandchiefexecutiveofficer.GateswasbornOctober28,1955,heandtwosistersgrewupinSeattle.GatesattendedpublicelementaryschoolinSeattleandtheprivateLa