2023年自考類英語(yǔ)自考英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解

2023年自考類英語(yǔ)自考英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.Whichofthefollowingdictionariesisnotabilingualdictionary?______A.OxfordAdvancedLearner'sDictionaryofCurrentEnglishwithChineseTranslation.B.ANewEnglish-ChineseDictionary.C.LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbs.D.AChinese-EnglishDictionary(1995).2.Thesentence"Thefishisreadytoeat."isambiguousdueto______.A.extra-linguisticcontextB.grammaticalcontextC.lexicalcontextD.homonymy3.avariationofanidiom4.Linguisticcontextcanbefurtherdividedinto______contextandgrammaticalcontext.5.Thepairofwords"respectable"and"respectful"hasthe______senseoftransferrespectively.A.subjective,objectiveB.objective,subjectiveC.objective,objectiveD.noneoftheabove6.Commentonthefollowinggroupsofwordstoillustratesemanticfeaturesandgrammaticalfeaturesofcompounds.

Group1:"agreenhand","flowerpot"

Group2:"bad-mouth","new-borns"7.Analyzethemorphologicalstructuresofthefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofthemorphemes.

dishearten,idealistic,unfriendly8.Word-meaningchangesbymodesofextension,narrowing,degradation,______andtransfer.9.Thevocabularyofalanguageisinconstantchange;olditemsdropout,newitemscomein,andasthenewreplacetheold,sotheinternal______ofthewholesetalter.10.Theword"beg"comesfromtheword"beggar".Suchawayofcreatinganewwordiscalled______.A.suffixationB.clippingC.blendingD.back-formation11.Affixation,alsocalled______,isoneofthewordformations.12.semanticmotivation13.Morphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsare______.A.boundmorphemesB.freemorphemesC.allomorphsD.morphemes14.Theword"kowtow"inEnglishiscalledanalienwordbecause______.A.itisanewly-createdwordfromanotherlanguageB.ithasbeenassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguageC.ithasundergoneasemanticchangeD.ithasretaineditsoriginalpronunciation15."Decompose"and"unwrap"aretwoexamplesof______prefixes.16.Thesameidiommayshow______differenceswhenitisassigneddifferentmeaningsincludingaffectivemeaning.17.WhichofthefollowingprefixescanNOTbeusedtoindicatetimeandorder?A.Ex-.B.Fore-.C.Post-.D.Para-.18.Theambiguityinsentence"Shelikeswhiterosesandlilies."isdueto______.A.polysemyB.homonymyC.hyponymyD.grammaticalstructure19."Ex-student","foretell"and"post-election"contain______.A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.prefixesoftimeandorderD.locativeprefixes20.Howdoyoudistinguishinflectionalaffixesandderivationalaffixes?21.Thesaltoftheearthisanexampleof______.A.simileB.metaphorC.metonymyD.synecdoche22.Analyzeandcommentonthemeaningsofthefollowingsentencesandthenfindouttherightantonymsforeachfastrespectively.

A.Mygod,look,thisclockisonehourfast,asifwewereatTokyo.

B.Thecolorsaren'tfast,sobecarefulwhenyouwashthisshirt.

C.ThedelegationpaidafastvisittotheUnitedKingdomlastmonth.23.Indictionaries,apolysemanthasitsmeaningsalllistedunderone______whereashomonymsarelistedasseparateentries.24.Thepairof"queer"and"odd"can,serveasanexampleof______.25.senserelations26.Englishlexicologyisa______orientedcourse.27.______areattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationships.A.AffixesB.SuffixesC.InflectionalaffixesD.Noneoftheabove28.word-formation29.InShakespeare'swell-knownHamlet,rivalmeans

"______"andjumpmeans"just".A.janitorB.partnerC.collectorD.observer30.Whatisaffectivemeaning?Whatarewordswithpositiveornegativeemotivevaluesusedtodenote?31.Themajorfactor(s)thatpromotethegrowthofmodernEnglishis/are______.A.thegrowthofscienceandtechnologyB.economicandpoliticalchangesC.theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguagesD.alltheabove32.ThefiveRomancelanguages,namely,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,RomanianallbelongtotheItalicthroughanintermediatelanguagecalled______.A.SanskritB.LatinC.CelticD.Anglo-Saxon33.SomepeopleholdthatShakespeareismoredifficulttoreadthancontemporarywritings.Doyouagreeordisagreetothiscomment?Stateyourreason(s)withatleastthreeexamples.34.Therootoftheword"internationalist"is______.A.inter-B.nationalC.nationD.-ist35.Thechangeofidiomfrom"fortune'swheel"to"thewheeloffortune"is______.A.replacementB.position-shiftingC.additionD.shortening36.TheIndo-EuropeanismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastand______.37.Whatisthedifferencebetweenpartialandfullconversion?Explainthemwithexamples.38.ScandinavianlanguagereferstoIcelandic,Norwegian,Danishand______.39.Conceptualmeaningisalsoknownas______meaning.A.denotativeB.connotativeC.senseD.lexical40.etymologicalmotivation41.Whatareacronyms?Pleaseillustrateitwithatleasttwoexamples.42.Wordscanbeclassifiedinto______wordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion.43."______"isnotmorphologicallymotivatedwords.A.BlackMarketB.AirmailC.Reading-lampD.Hpletesynonyms45.Whatkindofinformationisusuallyprovidedinageneral-purposedictionary?46.initialisms47.Extensionofmeaningisaprocessbywhichawordoriginallyhadaspecializedmeaninghasnowbecome______.48."Johnrantheeggandspoonrace."isambiguousdueto______.A.homonymyB.polysemyC.extra-linguisticcontextD.lexicalcontext49.Formsandfunctionsofidiomsare______.A.identicalB.notidenticalC.differentD.notnecessarilyidentical50.zeroderivation第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：C[解析]LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbs《朗文動(dòng)詞詞典》是一部專門(mén)詞典(specializeddictionary)，而不是雙語(yǔ)詞典(bilingualdictionary)。答案為C。2.參考答案：B[解析]Grammaticalstructurecanleadtoambiguity.語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)引起歧義。本句可有兩種解釋，第一句是Thisfishiscookedorserved,soreadyforpeopletoeat(魚(yú)做好了或上桌了，可以吃了)，或者Thefishisreadytoeatthings(魚(yú)準(zhǔn)備好要吃食物了)。但是，假如說(shuō)成Whatanicesmell!Thefishisreadytoeat，那么，fish一定是做好了可以吃了。答案為B。3.參考答案：(1)anidiomwithsomechangesinform;(2)usedinthesamemeaningorsimilarmeaning.4.參考答案：lexical[解析]題干譯文：語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)境可以分為什么語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)境？Linguisticcontextcanbesubdividedintolexicalcontext(詞匯語(yǔ)境)andgrammaticalcontext(語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)境)。答案為lexical。5.參考答案：B[解析]本題中“respectable”的意思是“值得尊重的，讓人敬重的”；“respectful”的意思是“充滿敬意的”。因此，兩者分別具有客觀意義轉(zhuǎn)移和主觀意義轉(zhuǎn)移的特征。6.參考答案：Compoundsaredifferentfromfreephrasesinsemanticunity.Everycompoundshouldexpressasingleideajustasoneword.Forinstance,"agreenhand"isan"inexperiencedperson",notahandthatisgreenincolour.Themeaningofsuchexamplecannotbeeasilyinferredfromthetwocomponentsofthecompound.

Nevertheless,alotofcompoundsaretransparent,thatis,themeaningcanbeinferredfromtheseparateelementsofcompounds.Thecompound"flowerpot"canheanexample.Butthetwoelementsareinseparableandthechangeofelementwillresultinthelossoforiginalidentity.Acompoundtendstoplayasinglegrammaticalroleinasentence,forexample,averb,anoun,ofanadjective."Bad-mouth"usedasaverbcantakethethirdpersonsingular"-s"andthepasttensemarker"-ed",e.g.,"Hebad-mouthedme."Compoundscanshowtheirpluralformsbytakinginflectional"-s"attheend,e.g.,"new-borns".Ofcourse,thereareexceptionssuchasbrothers-in-law,lookers-on.Inspiteofthistheirsinglegrammaticalroleisapparent.7.參考答案：(1)Eachofthethreewordsconsistsofthreemorphemes,dishearten(dis-+heart+-en),idealistic(ideal+-ist+-ic),unfriendly(un-+friend+-ly);(2)Oftheninemorphemes,onlyheart,idealandfriendarefreemorphemesastheycanexistbythemselves;(3)Alltherestdis-,-en,-ist,-ic,-unandlyareboundmorphemesasnoneofthemcanstandaloneaswords.8.參考答案：elevation[解析]詞義變化有詞義的擴(kuò)大、縮小、降格、什么以及轉(zhuǎn)移?Word-meaningchangesbymodesofextension,narrowing,degradation,elevationandtransfer.答案為elevation。9.參考答案：relations[解析]一門(mén)語(yǔ)言的詞匯處于持續(xù)不斷的變化中；舊詞被廢棄，而新詞增加進(jìn)來(lái)，而且隨著新詞取代舊詞，所以整個(gè)集合內(nèi)的內(nèi)部什么也在發(fā)生變化?Thevocabularyofalanguageisinconstantchange;olditemsdropout,newitemscomein,andasthenewreplacetheold,sotheinternalrelationsofthewholesetalter.答案為relations。10.參考答案：D[解析]逆生法被認(rèn)為是后綴法的對(duì)立過(guò)程。如我們所知，后綴法是通過(guò)在詞基上添加后綴，而逆生法是通過(guò)除去假定的后綴而創(chuàng)造新詞的方法。“beg(乞討)”一詞就是這樣產(chǎn)生的。答案為D。11.參考答案：derivation[解析]詞綴法，又稱為什么，是構(gòu)詞法之一?Thisprocessisalsoknownasderivation．答案為derivation。12.參考答案：Semanticmotivationisthementalassociationsbasedontheconceptualmeaningofaword,i.e.thefigurativesenseofawordsuggestedbytheliteralsense.13.參考答案：A[解析]Morphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsarebound．不能獨(dú)立成詞的詞素叫粘附詞素。答案為A。14.參考答案：D[解析]非同化詞(alien)是從其他語(yǔ)言中借來(lái)的、保留了其原本的讀音和拼寫(xiě)特征的詞。本題中“kowtow”一詞來(lái)自漢語(yǔ)“叩頭”，其發(fā)音仍和漢語(yǔ)接近。15.參考答案：reversative16.參考答案：stylistic[解析]同一條習(xí)語(yǔ)在不同意義時(shí)，可能會(huì)顯示出一些什么差異?Thesameidiommayshowstylisticdifferenceswhenitisassigneddifferentmeanings.答案為stylistic。17.參考答案：D[解析]表示時(shí)間順序的前綴主要有：ex-，fore-，post-，pre-，re-等。“para-”的意思是“超越……”，是表示程度和大小意義的前綴。18.參考答案：D[解析]句子模糊或歧義的原因有：一詞多義、同音同形異義詞和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。本句中white既可理解為修飾roses，不修飾lilies，又可理解為white修飾rosesandlilies，所以語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致歧義。答案為D。19.參考答案：C詞綴“ex-”，“fore-”，“post-”等是表示時(shí)間和順序的前綴。其中前兩個(gè)表示“在……之前”，“post-”表示“在……之后”。20.參考答案：Inflectionalaffixesareaffixes:(1)attachedtotheendofwords;

(2)toindicategrammaticalrelationships.Derivationalaffixesareaffixes:(1)addedtoothermorphemes;(2)tocreatenewwords.21.參考答案：B[解析]thesaltoftheearth意為“少數(shù)精英分子”，將salt(食鹽)比作精英分子，顯然是暗喻，即metaphor。答案為B。22.參考答案：Awordwhichhasmorethanonemeaningcanhavemorethanoneantonym.

SentenceAmeanstheclockisonehouraheadofthelocaltime,andtheantonymoffastisslow.

SentenceBmeansthecolorsareresistanttodestructionorfading,andtheantonymofthewordfastisloose.

SentenceCmeansthevisitwasaccomplishedinrelativelylittletime,anditsantonymislong.23.參考答案：headword24.參考答案：relativesynonyms25.參考答案：Awordwhichisrelatedtootherwordsisrelatedtotheminsense,hencesenserelations.Thesubjectsthathavelongheldtheinterestandattentionofsemanticistsarepolysemy,homonymy,synonymy,antonymyandhyponymy.26.參考答案：theoretically[解析]題干譯文：英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)是一門(mén)具有什么性質(zhì)的課程。Englishlexicologyisatheoreticallyorientedcourse.答案為theoretically。27.參考答案：C[解析]Affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional,thusknownasinflectionalmorphemes．加在詞尾表示語(yǔ)法關(guān)系的詞綴發(fā)生屈折變化，因此叫內(nèi)部屈折詞綴。答案為C。28.參考答案：Word-formationistheprocessofcreatingnewwordsfromthematerialavailableinthelanguageaccordingtocertainstructuralandsemanticformulasandpatterns.Thethreemajortypesofword-formationareaffixation,compoundingandconversion.29.參考答案：B30.參考答案：Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker'sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginconversation.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeandpejorativetype.Wordsofpositiveovertonesareusedtoshowappreciationortheattitudeofapproval;thoseofnegativeconnotationsimplydisapproval,contemptorcriticism.31.參考答案：D科技的快速發(fā)展促使一大批新詞產(chǎn)生，社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的變化也帶來(lái)了越來(lái)越多的新詞。同時(shí)，其他文化和語(yǔ)言也對(duì)英語(yǔ)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了很大影響。32.參考答案：B[解析]ThefiveRomancelanguages,namely,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,RomanianallbelongtotheItalicthroughanintermediatelanguagecalledLatin.五個(gè)諾曼語(yǔ)族即葡萄牙語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)和羅馬尼亞語(yǔ)，都以拉丁語(yǔ)為中介從屬于意大利語(yǔ)族。答案為B。33.參考答案：Iagreetothiscomment.Shakespeare'sworksaremoredifficulttounderstandthancontemporarywritingsbecausemanyofhiswordswereusedindifferentsensesfromwhattheyhavenowincontemporarydailylife.Takehiswell-knownplayHamlet!asanexample."Rival"means

partner"asintherivalsofmywatch,bidthemmakehaste";"jump"means"just"asin"Thustwicebefore,andjumpatthisdeadhour";"vulgar"means"common"asin"ascommonasanythemostvulgarthingtosense";

censuremeans"opinion"asin"Takeeachman'scensure,butreservethyjudgement".34.參考答案：C[解析]解答本題的關(guān)鍵是把握詞根和詞干的區(qū)別，詞根是可以接其他詞綴構(gòu)成新詞且不能再進(jìn)行細(xì)分的語(yǔ)法單位，而詞干則還可以再進(jìn)行細(xì)分。A、D兩項(xiàng)是詞綴，而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)是詞干。35.參考答案：B36.參考答案：India[解析]據(jù)估計(jì)，世界上約有3000(有人認(rèn)為有5000)多種語(yǔ)言。這些語(yǔ)言可以根據(jù)它們的基本詞匯和語(yǔ)法的相似性大致劃為300個(gè)譜系，印歐語(yǔ)系即是其中之一。該語(yǔ)系包括歐洲的大多數(shù)語(yǔ)言、近東諸語(yǔ)言和印度語(yǔ)。答案為India。37.參考答案：Whenadjectivesareconvertedintonouns,somearecompletelychanged,thusknownasfullconversion,andothersarepartiallychanged,thusknownaspartialconversion.Adjectiveswhicharefullyconvertedcanachieveafullnounstatus,e.g.,havingallthecharacteristicsofnouns,thatis,theycantake"a/an"or"-s/-es"toindicatesingularorpluralforms:anative,aRepublican,apairofshoes,finals.Adjectiveswhicharepartiallyconvertedcanstillkeepadjectivefeatures.Theyshouldalwaysbeusedwith"the",andtheycannottake"-s/-es"toshowpluralforms.Moreover,thewordscanhavecomparativeorsuperlativedegrees:thepoor,thepoorer,theyoung,theveryunfortunate.38.參考答案：Swedish[解析]日耳曼語(yǔ)族包括4門(mén)北歐語(yǔ)言：挪威語(yǔ)、冰島語(yǔ)、丹麥語(yǔ)和瑞典語(yǔ)。這4門(mén)語(yǔ)言統(tǒng)稱為斯堪的納維亞語(yǔ)。答案為Swedish。39.參考答案：A[解析]conceptualmeaningisalsoknown