真題解析：英譯漢的基本策略

翻碩真題精講翻譯基礎(chǔ)：英譯漢的基本策略（文學翻譯）課程內(nèi)容1翻譯的總原則和標準兼談翻譯練習原則；2文學翻譯的重要性；3文學翻譯真題精講。1翻譯的總原則翻譯就是翻譯的意思（信息和思想）根據(jù)語境選擇詞或者詞義2標準A忠實（無漏譯，錯譯，過譯）B通順（像人話或者基本功；無語??；標點正確；語法正確；拼寫錯誤絕少；無英式中文或中式英文）3文學翻譯的重要性雙語能力要求高學術(shù)傳統(tǒng)其他材料類型翻譯的基礎(chǔ)趣味性理解、積木拆散與重組---形合到意合1通讀全文，確定材料的文體（文學小說）、主題（行為兼心理描寫）、關(guān)鍵詞（Fanny和另外三個人物,主體事件是escape

shower,）2先易后難，打好腹稿；標出難句；3解決難句和難詞：句子層次分析，主從分析，信息點分析。解決難詞長句：列出信息點找邏輯，盡量順譯用短句。（主次信息與意合）文采：詩詞古文勤背誦，化繁為簡譯文簡。

4潤色修改。1Fanny,

having

been

sent

into

the

village

on

someerrand

by

her

aunt

Norris,

was

overtaken

by

a

heavyshower

close

to

the

Parsonage;

||and

being

descriedfrom

one

of

the

windows

endeavoring

to

find

shelterunder

the

branches

and

lingering

leaves

of

an

oak

justbeyond

their

premises,

was

forced,

though

not

withoutsome

modest

reluctance

on

her

part,

to

come

in.長句的處理技巧化繁為簡：善于找出主干（主謂—形合）→理順邏輯關(guān)系（處理定狀—先后關(guān)系，歸屬關(guān)系）1.壓縮主干(以and為界，分為兩部分)：Fanny,wasovertaken

by

a

heavy

shower

was

forcedto

come

in.句子框架：梵妮遭遇暴雨，最終不得不進屋。A從屬信息：1having

been

sent

into

the

village

on

someerrand

by

her

aunt

Norris

→行為主語歸屬：梵妮，在先被動句式的處理技巧（受，主動，由，為。。。所）2

close

to

the

Parsonage

→發(fā)生的地方漢語邏輯在前面交代（后置定語，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換）4整合潤色：范妮受諾里斯姨媽差遣（派遣？文學體裁的語言特點），到村子里辦件什么（什么可否不要？次要信息）事，在牧師住宅附近（地點狀語先于動作發(fā)生出來）突然遇上了（被動變主動：翻譯的靈活性）一陣大雨。Ii:

and

being

descried

from

one

of

the

windowsendeavoring

to

find

shelter

under

the

branches

andlingering

leaves

of

an

oak

just

beyond

their

premises,was

forced,

though

not

without

some

modest

reluctanceon

her

part,

to

come

in.B主句信息：梵妮最終不得不進屋。（理解力：被迫上下文中應(yīng)該給出了被迫的理由）從屬信息：B1

being

descried

from

one

of

the

windows被動句：descry的邏輯發(fā)出者是誰？有必要交代嗎？B2endeavoring

to

find

shelter

under

the

branches

||andlingering

leaves

of

an

oak

just

beyond

their

premises注意endeavoring指的是梵妮，their指的是誰？邏輯關(guān)系：梵妮在橡樹地下費力找避雨的地方，橡樹的位置，被人發(fā)現(xiàn)，如重組這些信息？仍然是邏輯。難點：lingering

endeavoring

beyond的處理B3

though

not

without

some

modest

reluctance

on

herpart，插入語成分,表示讓步，雙否，不可肯定，表達出梵妮不情愿。就語序而言，漢語表達習慣是？承前文：牧師屋里有人從窗戶里

看見她站在院外一棵橡樹下避雨，便邀請她進去（采分亮點：須增

譯。）盡管梵妮有一百個不愿意，也只好走進屋里。IIIA

civil

servant

she

had

withstood;

||but

when

Dr.Grant

himself

went

out

with

an

umbrella,

there

wasnothing

to

be

done

but

to

be

very

much

ashamed,

and

togel

into

the

house

as

fast

as

possible;||

and

to

poor

MisCrawford,

who

had

just

been

contemplating

the

dismalrain

in

a

very

desponding

state

of

mind,

||

sighing

overthe

ruin

of

all

her

plan

of

exercise

for

that

morning,||and

of

every

chance

of

seeing

a

single

creature

beyonthemselves

for

the

next

twenty-four

hours,

||

the

soundof

a

little

bustle

at

the

front

door,

and

the

sight

of

MiPrice

dripping

with

wet

in

the

vestibule,

was

delightfuCA

civil

servant

she

had

withstood;

||but

when

DrGrant

himself

went

out

with

an

umbrella,

there

wasnothing

to

be

done

but

to

be

very

much

ashamed,

and

togel

into

the

house

as

fast

as

possible;||1重要的翻譯技巧：猜詞義以withstand為例。But后面引導(dǎo)的句子是解題線索，給出了withstand的詞義；2翻譯的是意思原則體現(xiàn)：nothing

to

be

done不是主要信息，可以不翻譯；另外as

fast

是狀語，盡可能快是否地道漢語表達方法？3when引導(dǎo)的句子翻譯技巧（當。。時；條件句，后等）譯文：她先是謝絕了一個仆人的好心邀請，可是等格蘭特博士親自拿了把傘走出來后，她又覺得很不好意思，便趕快進去了。and

to

poor

Miss

Crawford,who

had

just

beencontemplating

the

dismal

rain

in

a

very

desponding

statof

mind,||

sighing

over

the

ruin

of

all

her

plan

ofexercise

for

that

morning。1.定語從句的處理

2very的處理3現(xiàn)在分詞的處理4介詞in（in引導(dǎo)的短語是什么語法成分？）

over的處理（over這里表示的什么語法功能？）參考譯文：而這個時候，(為何增譯？）可憐的克勞福德小姐正心情沮喪地望著窗外的凄風苦雨，（或者：望著窗外的凄風苦雨，心情沮喪，）哀嘆上午的戶外活動計劃化做了泡影，（可有改進空間？潤色的本質(zhì)就是語內(nèi)翻譯或者語內(nèi)重寫，把握不改變愿意這一關(guān)鍵點）And

of

every

chance

of

seeing

a

single

creature

beyonthemselves

for

the

next

twenty-four

hours,

||

thesound

of

a

little

bustle

at

the

front

door,

and

the

si