運(yùn)輸包裝與物流課件

運(yùn)輸包裝與物流國(guó)立宜蘭大學(xué)食品科學(xué)系馮臨惠運(yùn)輸包裝與物流國(guó)立宜蘭大學(xué)1Outline4.1Introduction4.2Functionsoflogisticalpackaging4.3Logisticsactivity-specificandintegrationissues4.4Distributionperformancetesting4.5Packagingmaterialsandsystem4.6ConclusionOutline4.1Introduction2Outline4.1Introduction4.2Functionsoflogisticalpackaging4.2.1Protection4.2.2Utility/productivity4.2.3Communication4.3Logisticsactivity-specificandintegrationissues4.4Distributionperformancetesting4.5Packagingmaterialsandsystem4.6ConclusionOutline4.1Introduction3Outline4.1Introduction4.2Functionsoflogisticalpackaging4.3Logisticsactivity-specificandintegrationissues4.3.1Packagingissuesinfoodprocessingandretailing4.3.2Transportissues4.3.3Warehousingissues4.3.4Retailcustomerserviceissues4.3.5Wasteissues4.3.6Supplychainintegrationissues4.4Distributionperformancetesting4.5Packagingmaterialsandsystem4.6ConclusionOutline4.1Introduction4Outline4.1Introduction4.2Functionsoflogisticalpackaging4.3Logisticsactivity-specificandintegrationissues4.4Distributionperformancetesting4.4.1Shockandvibrationtesting4.4.2Compressiontesting4.5Packagingmaterialsandsystem4.5.1Corrugatedfiberboardboxes4.5.2Shrinkbundles4.5.3Reusabletotes4.5.4Unitization4.6ConclusionOutline4.1Introduction5IntroductionConsumerneedsandwantsofpackagingMultiplefood

retailmarketneedsandwantsFlowoffoodpackagefromfarmtolandfillNewModelofMarketingMixAkeytocompetitiveedgePackagingcharacteristicsvaluedinmultipleretaillogisticsanddistributionIntroductionConsumerneedsand6Consumerneedsandwantsofpackaging

Consumerneedsandwantsofpa7Multiplefoodretailmarketneedsandwants

Packagingforfast-movingconsumergoods(f.m.c.g.)Theroleofpackaginginbrandcompetition.

Theroleofpackaginginmultipleretaillogistics

Packagingisameansofensuringthesafedeliveryofaproducttotheconsumerattherighttimeinsoundconditionatoptimumcost.Multiplefoodretailmarketne8Flowof

foodpackagefromfarm

tolandfillFlowof

foodpackagefromfarm9ModelofMarketingMixNEWModelofMarketingMixNEW10AkeytocompetitiveedgeForaproductmanufacturermaydependonhowquicklyandeffectivelyitrespondstotheretailer'sneedfor:minimalstockholdinghighproductturnoveroptimalleveloffillonshelfefficienthandlingpracticeproductintegrity.AkeytocompetitiveedgeFora11Packagingcharacteristicsvaluedinmultipleretaillogisticsanddistribution

Packagingcharacteristicsvalu12FunctionsoflogisticalpackagingProtectionProductcharacteristics+LogisticalhazardsUtility/productivityNumberofpackagesoutput/logisticsinputErgonomics人因工程(人體工學(xué))(9-14kg/package)CommunicationElectronicdatainterchange(EDI),effectiveandintegratedmanagementofmaterialflow,inventory,transportationandwarehousing.stock-keepingunits(SKU),Barcodes,RFIDFunctionsoflogisticalpackag13Logisticsactivity-specificandintegrationissuesPackagingissuesinfoodprocessingandretailingTransportissuesWarehousingissuesRetailcustomerserviceissuesWasteissuesSupplychainintegrationissuesFoodandconsumerproductsupplychainFoodservicesupplychainLogisticsactivity-specifican14Packagingissues

infoodprocessingandretailingHACCP的一環(huán)廢棄物的問(wèn)題多次使用的回收容器Packagingissues

infoodproce15包裝的流程與循環(huán)

包裝的流程與循環(huán)16TransportissuesFullTruckload(TL)–shock&vibrationDynamicforcesvarybymodeoftransport.in-transitvibration–below25Hzless-than-truckload(LTL)–e-commerce–needmoreprotectionImprovingcubeutilization(改善體積利用率)ispackaging’sgreatestopportunitytoprovidelogisticsvalue其他的方式：Railtransport(鐵路運(yùn)輸),oceanorrivertransport(海、河運(yùn))andairtransportation(空運(yùn))：貨櫃化的優(yōu)勢(shì)；降低成本,衝擊,運(yùn)輸時(shí)間TransportissuesFullTruckload17Warehousingissues傳統(tǒng)的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)–訂單與拆裝是包裝的操作配銷中心(distributioncenter)式的現(xiàn)代倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)–利潤(rùn)來(lái)自移動(dòng)貨品，貯存則代表無(wú)效率的資產(chǎn)–非常強(qiáng)調(diào)追蹤與管理生產(chǎn)力(productivity)包裝產(chǎn)品若不需要額外的勞力拆裝就代表生產(chǎn)力提昇，因此適當(dāng)?shù)募e包裝(multi-pack)替代傳統(tǒng)的一打裝包裝(dozen-pack)包裝必需模組化，自動(dòng)辨識(shí)及加速機(jī)械選別性質(zhì)包裝必需配合自動(dòng)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的設(shè)備兩個(gè)因子必需適當(dāng)控制：有害生物與溫度庫(kù)存單位(stockkeepingunit,SKU)辨識(shí)Warehousingissues傳統(tǒng)的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)–訂單與拆18Retailcustomerserviceissues小型雜貨店改變?yōu)榇笮瓦B鎖店對(duì)於銷售包裝及物流包裝的要求也改變物流包裝必需容易搬運(yùn)、打開(kāi)且不傷及內(nèi)容物容易辨識(shí)，展示陳列最佳的體積利用率最少的廢棄物生產(chǎn)廠商的包裝設(shè)計(jì)必需考慮增加銷售的零售顧客服務(wù)價(jià)值(retailvalue)，例如：條碼、RFID、智慧型標(biāo)籤、易開(kāi)啟功能有效率顧客反應(yīng)(theefficientconsumerresponse,ECR)Retailcustomerserviceissues19Wasteissues經(jīng)濟(jì)性的原因使物流包裝較消費(fèi)者包裝更重視廢棄物的處理可使用的方法減量再使用回收Wasteissues經(jīng)濟(jì)性的原因使物流包裝較消費(fèi)者包裝更20Supplychainintegrationissues供應(yīng)鏈整合希望能降低整體系統(tǒng)的成本大型連鎖店零售系統(tǒng)更提高供應(yīng)鏈的整合食品供應(yīng)鏈有項(xiàng)重要的控制因子：溫度各類型的溫度記錄或顯示或品質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)均可使用於物流包裝系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)酷物流系統(tǒng)(軍事或救災(zāi))的物流包裝需求更為嚴(yán)格，包括：保護(hù)、保存期限、最易搬運(yùn)、正確包裝辨識(shí)等更複雜的物流包裝Supplychainintegrationissue21Distributionperformancetesting衝擊與振動(dòng)測(cè)試(Shockandvibrationtesting)壓縮測(cè)試(Compressiontesting)Distributionperformancetesti22PackagingmaterialsandsystemCorrugatedfiberboardboxes(瓦楞紙箱)Shrinkbundles(裹包技術(shù))

Reusabletotes(多次使用搬運(yùn)箱)

Unitization(單位化的包裝系統(tǒng))Packagingmaterialsandsystem23瓦楞紙箱(Corrugatedfiberboardboxes)瓦楞紙箱(Corrugatedfiberboardbox24多次使用搬運(yùn)箱(Reusabletotes)多次使用搬運(yùn)箱(Reusabletotes)25單位化包裝系統(tǒng)(Unitization)單位化包裝系統(tǒng)(Unitization)26墊板裹包為保護(hù)裝在墊板上的物品，早期以繩索鋼帶捆綁。目前均以裹包方式作業(yè)伸縮包裝(StretchwrapPackage)：伸縮包裝乃以具有伸縮性質(zhì)之膠膜層層纏繞於產(chǎn)品之個(gè)體，或圍繞堆積於墊板上之貨物，使之整體獲得固定，並防止傾倒之單位化包裝，其功能在於方便貨物之裝卸及搬運(yùn)收縮包裝(ShrinkPackage)：將一個(gè)或數(shù)個(gè)物品集中，以熱收縮膜覆蓋物品，並加熱使其收縮束緊，用以固定保存物品之包裝方法墊板裹包為保護(hù)裝在墊板上的物品，早期以繩索鋼帶捆綁。目前均以27木墊板尺寸規(guī)格表(CNS3032)單位：mm木墊板尺寸規(guī)格表(CNS3032)單位：mm28裹包技術(shù)(Shrinkbundles)裹包技術(shù)(Shrinkbundles)29單位化包裝系統(tǒng)(Unitization)將物品裝載於墊板上以大單位處理運(yùn)輸之方法，將貨物裝於墊板上，作門(mén)對(duì)門(mén)之運(yùn)輸稱為一貫墊板化作業(yè)墊板規(guī)格(CNS規(guī)格)最大載重：墊板之最大載重分為0.5t、1t、1.5t及2t墊板尺寸與形狀：墊板之大小以長(zhǎng)度×寬度(mm)表示之，規(guī)定如下表單位化包裝系統(tǒng)(Unitization)將物品裝載於墊板上以30貨櫃(containers)貨櫃運(yùn)輸是將貨物裝在一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的容器內(nèi)的運(yùn)輸方式聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)歐洲運(yùn)輸小組(1956/5/18)定義：貨櫃是一種運(yùn)輸設(shè)備，就如吊箱(LiftVan)，可移動(dòng)的桶狀物或是其他適合的物件，貨櫃「非車(chē)輛」，也「非傳統(tǒng)的包裝物」一種永久性的設(shè)備，可重覆使用用來(lái)裝載貨物，可經(jīng)由多種的運(yùn)輸工具運(yùn)送，而不必中途拆卸貨物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)裝有特殊設(shè)備，得以在轉(zhuǎn)換運(yùn)輸工具時(shí)，很方便地搬動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)符合簡(jiǎn)便裝卸的原則容積必須在一立方公尺以上貨櫃(containers)貨櫃運(yùn)輸是將貨物裝在一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的31貨櫃(containers)貨櫃被認(rèn)為是一種像船舶一樣的運(yùn)輸工具世界各國(guó)都準(zhǔn)許貨櫃(無(wú)論有無(wú)裝貨)自由進(jìn)出口而不加關(guān)稅為了能適當(dāng)?shù)匮b運(yùn)各式各樣的貨物，貨櫃的設(shè)計(jì)走向多元化但仍以普通的乾貨櫃為最多。大約佔(zhàn)全部貨櫃量的85%左右貨櫃(containers)貨櫃被認(rèn)為是一種像船舶一樣的運(yùn)輸32貨櫃(與食品運(yùn)輸有關(guān)的)乾貨櫃(DryContainer)冷凍貨櫃(ReeferContainer)裝載新鮮食品類貨物冷藏凍藏開(kāi)頂貨櫃(OpenTopContainer)裝載大型機(jī)件桶狀貨櫃(TankContainer)裝載液體貨物散裝貨櫃(BulkContainer)裝載未經(jīng)包裝的散裝貨物，如穀類及化學(xué)品鋼網(wǎng)貨櫃(SteelMeshContainer)裝載活的動(dòng)物或新鮮食品，但必需是短程載運(yùn)貨櫃(與食品運(yùn)輸有關(guān)的)乾貨櫃(DryContainer)33運(yùn)輸貨櫃之尺寸及載重量

運(yùn)輸貨櫃之尺寸及載重量34Conclusion物流包裝對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈作業(yè)(supplychaino