直接引語間接引語專練

笑傲江湖工作室直接引語--間接引語--專練

冀教版（九年級上冊）概念：直接引語是引用別人的原話。間接引語是轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，轉(zhuǎn)述過程就是把直接引語變成了賓語從句。直接引語：他說:她是個好工人.Hesaid:“Iamagoodworker.”間接引語:他說她是個好工人。He

saidthatsheisagoodworker直接引語變間接引語（賓語從句）的注意事項有三點：直接引語的句式：決定連接代詞或連接副詞

間接引語的語序：先主后謂的陳述語序主句和從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)（1）主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句一般和直接引語一致（2）主句一般過去時，從句是過去范圍內(nèi)的時態(tài)（3）間接引語只要表示客觀事實或真理，都用一般現(xiàn)在時（一）句式轉(zhuǎn)變：

①直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

She

said,“Our

bus

will

arrive

in

five

minutes.”→She

said

that

their

bus

would

arrive

in

five

minutes.

②直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.He

said,

“Can

you

swim,

John?”

→He

asked

John

if

he

could

swim。

“Do

you

go

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike?”

→He

asked

me

if

I

went

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike。③直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。

She

asked

me,

“When

do

they

have

their

dinner?”→

She

asked

me

when

they

had

their

dinner.She

asked

mewhat

Jackwasdoingwhenshecamein.④直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為“Tell(ask,

order,

beg等)

sb

(not)

to

do

sth.”句型

。如：

1.“Don't

make

any

noise,”

theteacher

said

to

the

students.

→She

told

(ordered)

the

students

not

to

make

any

noise.

2.“Openthedoor,

please,”

said

she.→She

asked

him

to

openthedoor.⑤直接引語如果是以“Let's”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest

+動句詞（或從句）”如：

He

said,

“Let's

go

to

the

movies.”→He

suggested

going

to

the

movies.或He

suggested

that

they

should

go

to

see

the

movies.

（二）間接引語的語序:間接引語必須是先主后謂的陳述語序。She

asked

me,

“When

do

they

have

their

dinner?”→

She

asked

me

when

they

had

their

dinner.

（三）主從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

1)一般現(xiàn)在時→一般過去時態(tài)；

Shesaid:“Iamastudent.”→

Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.2)一般將來時→過去將來時

She

said,“He

will

go

to

see

his

friend.”→She

said

he

would

go

to

see

his

friend。Tomsaid,“Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”→Tomsaidhewas

goingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時→過去進(jìn)行時；

Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”→Shesaidshewas

readingabook.④直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：

He

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning?！?/p>

⑤如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式不再變（例：could,

should,

would,

might）

Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

→

ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時，例：ought

to，

had

better,

used

toPeter

said.

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→He

said

he

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.→Peter

said

I

had

better

go

there

that

day.人稱的改變：

口訣：一隨主。二隨賓，第三不變?！耙浑S主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：She

said.

“My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me.

”→She

said

her

brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with

her.

“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：

He

said

to

Kate.

“How

is

your

sister

now?”→He

asked

Kate

how

her

sister

was

then。

“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：

Mr.

Smith

said,“Jack

is

a

good

boy.”→Mr.

Smith

said

Jack

was

a

good

boy.

注意：以下幾種情況時態(tài)

不變①直接引語是客觀真理。

The

teacher

said：

“The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

me

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如：

Jack

said.

"I

was

born

on

April

2l,

1980."

②直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時，時態(tài)不變。

Jack

said.

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”

Jack

saidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.→Jacksaid

he

was

born

on

April

21,

1980.三、如何變狀語：直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，時間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen,

yesterday變?yōu)?/p>

the

day

beforetoday變?yōu)閠hatdayHesaid,”Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，

here變there

Theteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”

→TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”

例：this

改為thatHe

said,

"This

books

is

mine.“

→He

said

that

book

was

his.

ago—before;thismorning—thatmorningYesterday—thedaybefore;tomorrow—thenextdaynextweek—thefollowingweek/thenextweekYesterdaymorning—themorningbefore謂語動詞的變化:直接引語:Must;Come;bring間接引語:hadto;go;takeShesaid,"Iwillcomeherethisevening.”ShesaidthatshewouldgotherethateveningExercise1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.heatetoldhadFoundhisshehadtakenrisegoestoldhadbeforehadbeforehadthere8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimth