新概念英語第二冊課文、翻譯、超詳細講解講義（61-65）

新概念英語第二冊課文、翻譯、超詳細講解&附練習等（61-65）Lesson61

TroublewiththeHubble【Newwordsandexpressions】（17）

Hubble

n.哈勃telescope

n.望遠鏡launch

v.發(fā)射space

n.空間NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)國家航空和航天局billion

n.10億faulty

adj.有錯誤的astronaut

n.宇航員shuttle

n.航天飛機Endeavour

n.“奮進”號robot-arm

n.機器手grab

v.抓atmosphere

n.大氣層distant

adj.遙遠的galaxy

n.星系universe

n.宇宙eagleeye

鷹眼★space

n.空間(指宇宙空間)room

n.空間（不可數(shù)）；房間（可數(shù)）Couldyoumakeroomforme?

你能為我騰一點空間嗎?★robot-arm

n.機器手robot[]

n.機器人,遙控設備,自動機械,機械般工作的人★atmosphere

n.大氣層atmosphere[]

n.大氣，空氣，氣氛，氛圍IwenttotheNewConceptEnglishofNewOrientalschoolforitsgoodatmosphere.

【Text】TheHubbletelescopewaslaunchedintospacebyNASAonApril20,1990atacostofoverabilliondollars.RightfromthestarttherewastroublewiththeHubble.Thepicturesitsentuswereverydisappointingbecauseitsmainmirrorwasfaulty!NASAisnowgoingtoputthetelescoperight,soitwillsoonbesendingupfourastronautstorepairit.TheshuttleEndeavourwillbetakingtheastronautstotheHubble.Arobot-armfromtheEndeavourwillgrabthetelescopeandholditwhiletheastronautsmakethenecessaryrepairs.Ofcourse,theHubbleisabovetheearth'satmosphere,soitwillsoonbesendingustheclearestpicturesofthestarsanddistantgalaxiesthatwehaveeverseen.TheHubblewilltellusagreatdealabouttheageandsizeoftheuniverse.Bythetimeyoureadthis,theHubble'seagleeyewillhavesentusthousandsandthousandsofwonderfulpictures.參考譯文哈勃望遠鏡于1990年4月20日由國家航空航天局發(fā)射升空,耗資10多億美元.從最開始哈勃望遠鏡就有問題.它傳送給我們的圖像很令人失望,因為它的主要鏡子有誤差.國家航天局準備糾正這一錯誤,為此將把4名宇航員送入太空修復望遠鏡.“奮進”號航天飛機將把宇航員送上哈勃.當宇航員進行必要的修復工作時,“奮進”號上的一只機器手將抓住望遠鏡并托住它.當然,哈勃位于地球的大氣層之外,因此,它很快就會給我們傳送我們所見到過的、有關行星和遠距離星系的最清晰的照片.哈勃將告訴我們有關宇宙的年齡和大小的許多事情.等到你讀到這篇文章時,敏銳的哈勃望遠鏡已經為我們送來了成千上萬張精彩的照片.

【課文講解】1、TheHubbletelescopewaslaunchedintospacebyNASAonApril20,1990atacostofoverabilliondollars.atacostof…

造價為……，耗資，以……的價格/費用

Hehasjustbuiltanewhouseforhisfamilyatacostof$10,000.NASA[]=NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration

(美國)國家航空和宇宙航行局（單詞縮寫一般都是組織或者機構）2、RightfromthestarttherewastroublewiththeHubble.rightfromthestart

從最開始（right起強調作用）

Hedidn’twanttoworkatthefirm(right)fromthestart.troublewith…

關于……有麻煩What'sthetroublewithyou?

你有什么麻煩?(醫(yī)生常這樣問)Thereis(engine)troublewithmycar.3、Thepicturesitsentuswereverydisappointingbecauseitsmainmirrorwasfaulty!fault

n.錯誤

；

faulty

adj.有錯誤的Sorry,it'smyfault.4、NASAisnowgoingtoputthetelescoperight,soitwillsoonbesendingupfourastronautstorepairit.putsth.right

修好（故障等），校正，糾正

Remembertoputthelightsrighttomorrow.sendup

往上送5、Arobot-armfromtheEndeavourwillgrabthetelescopeandholditwhiletheastronautsmakethenecessaryrepairs.holdit

抓住它6、TheHubblewilltellusagreatdealabouttheageandsizeoftheuniverse.agreatdeal

大量

agreatdealof…

大量的……7、Bythetimeyoureadthis,theHubble'seagleeyewillhavesentusthousandsandthousandsofwonderfulpictures.bythetime

到那時engleeye

鷹眼，銳利目光

Hisfather’seagleeyeisalwaysonhim.thousandsandthousandsof

成千上萬的

Therearehundredsofthousands/thousandsandthousandsofcarsinthiscity.【LetterWriting】常見的書信開頭：Ihavenotheardfromyouforsometime,so…Itwasverykindofyouto…【Keystructures】將來完成時、將來進行時和將來完成進行時將來完成時的構成：willhavedone，表示到將來某一時刻已經完成的動作，必須和某個時間狀語連用，強調到將來某一點時間動作的結束。

Workerswillhavecompletedthenewroadsbytheendofthisyear.將來進行時的構成：willbedoing，表示將來某個時候正在進行的動作或表示計劃好的事，陳述將來的事實。

Theywillbearrivingheretomorrow.將來完成進行時的構成：willhavebeendoing，表示某種狀況一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的時間，從某一點發(fā)生,一直延續(xù)到將來的某一點,并且將可能延續(xù)下去，強調到將來某一點時間動作可能結束或延續(xù)。

Bythistimenextweek,Iwillhavebeenworkingforthisfirmfortwentyyears.ByFridaymidday,theywillhavebeenworkingonitforsevendays.

（workonsth.

關于……的工作）在時間狀語從句中，要用現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時：

BythetimeI’vecompletedthisone,I’llhavebeenwritingforsixyears.

到我寫完這本書時，我將已經寫了6年書了。

WhenI’vebuiltthisone,I’llhavebuiltfivealtogether.【SpecialDifficulties】

Cost,Price,Valuecost

①n.價格，價錢，費用（側重指某項服務、工程等），成本（復數(shù)）atthecostof

以……的費用，造價……

Theybuiltthebridgeatacostofover$600,000.

Idon’tknowthecostsofthesecars.

我不知道這些車的成本是多少。②vt.價錢為……，（使）花費（不用于被動語態(tài)）Thenewcarcosthim$5,000.HowmuchdiditcosttolaunchtheHubbletelescopeintospace?Whatdoesthisblousecost,please?

請問,這件襯衣多少錢?price

①n.價格，價錢（側重于指某個具體東西或商品的價錢），物價（復數(shù)）Howmuchisthatblouse?Let'sasktheprice.

What’sthepriceofthedress,please?Pricesaregoingupagain.

物價又上漲了。②v.問……的價錢，查明/查詢……的價格；給……定價/標價Theypricedcarsfortwodaysbeforetheyboughtone.Thedressispricedat$50,butyoucanhaveitat$40.IwanttopricethebedlineninafewothershopsbeforeIbuyany.我想在買床單之前打聽幾家商店的價格.

value

①n.表示抽象的價值或重要性，價值觀（復數(shù)）Thestolenitemswereofsentimental,ratherthanfinancialvalue.

被盜物品更具有情感上的涵義,

而不是經濟上的價值.

Thisbookisofgreatvaluetome.Hisvaluesaredifferentfromthoseofmine.②vt.尊重，重視valuesth.

認為……有價值valuesth.ownedbyoneself

敝帚自珍Valueyourtime.

珍惜時間Ifyoudon’tvaluemyadvice,I’llspeaknomore.Exercise練習1

Therehasbeenasharpriseinthe(price)(cost)(value)ofliving.2

WheneverIbuyanythingnew,myfatheralwaysasksmethe(value)(cost)(price).3

Ifyouhavetoworkforsomethingyouwill(value)(price)(cost)itmore.4

Thathouse(valued)(cost)(priced)afortunetobuild.5

Dr.James'sworkisofenormous(value)(cost)(price)tothecommunity.6

Janehas(valued)(cost)(priced)thealternativeproductsandsherecommendsthisone.7

Sofar,tencountrieshavegivenmoneytowardsthe(value)(price)(cost)ofrebuildingaftertheearthquake.1sharprise:大幅上升的thecostofliving生活的費用2price價格3value:表示認為有價值4fortune:一大筆財產cost花費5community:社區(qū),社會value:價值ofgreat(enormous)value有巨大的價值（enormous

adj.巨大的）6alternative另外的recommend:推薦pricesth.比較價格7towards=tothecostofrebuilding重建費用【Multiplechoicequestions】

2

TheHubbletelescope___a___.a.willtellusagreatdealabouttheuniverseb.costalotbutwasalmostworthlessc.willmeasurethesizeoftheearthd.requiresconstantcarefromtheastronautsconstant[]

n.[數(shù)、物]常數(shù),恒量；adj.不變的,持續(xù)的,堅決的5

Arobot-armwillholdthetelescope____a____theastronautstorepairit.a.for

b.sothat

c.solongas

d.whichforsb.todosth.

基本結構sothat+句子

；solongas+句子:表示只要；which+句子11

ThemainmirroroftheHubble____d___.a.hadproblems

b.wasdistantc.wastheclearest

d.requiresrepairshadproblems有問題problemwithsth.

……出問題(習慣用法)

Therewasaproblemwithitsmainblem的兩個含義：question；troublereauiresrepairs需要修理12

TheHubbleis____d___theearth'satmosphere.a.below

b.over

c.within

d.outsideabove

在……之上(凌空)abovetheearth’satmosphere

在大氣層的上方Lesson62

Afferthefire【Newwordsandexpressions】（15）

control

n.控制smoke

n.煙desolate

adj.荒涼的threaten

v.威脅surrounding

adj.周圍的destruction

n.破壞，毀滅flood

n.洪水，水災authority

n.（常用復數(shù)）當局grass-seed

n.草籽spray

v.噴撒quantity

n.量root

n.根century

n.世紀patch

n.小片blacken

v.變黑，發(fā)暗★control

n.控制incontrol

在控制之內undercontrol

在控制之下,被控制outofcontrol

失控control<v.>

sth.

Icancontrolit.=Icanmanageit.

我能對付(口語)underarrest<n.>

被逮捕★smoke

n.煙（霧）fullofsmoke

充滿煙霧smokey

adj.多煙的（名詞加-y,變?yōu)樾稳菰~）smokeyarea

吸煙區(qū)；nonsmokeyarea

禁煙區(qū)rain–rainy；cloud-cloudysmoker

n.抽煙的人heavysmoker

煙癮重的人；nonsmoker

不抽煙的人

smoke

v.吸煙Don'tsmoke!=Nosmoking!Hesmokedheavily.smokingarea/smokingroom

吸煙室smokingapartment

火車上的吸煙車廂cigarette=cigar

n.香煙★desolate

adj.荒涼的desolate

adj.荒涼的（與地方相連，表示無人居住,荒無人煙的）；極度孤獨的(與人相連時)lonely[]

adj.孤獨的，荒涼的，偏僻的（與地方連表示孤零零的，但并不表示無人居?。飔hreaten

v.威脅的threatentodosth.

威脅著要做……（與人相連）；有跡象表明……Itthreatenedtorain.

有跡象表明天要下雨了。threatensb.withsth.

以……來威脅/恐嚇某人

Thethiefthreatenedhimwithaknife.

Thewholevillageisthreatenedwithdestruction.★surrounding

adj.周圍的surroundings[]

n.環(huán)境(在周邊的事物)atmosphere[]

n.大氣層,氛圍(在周邊的人文環(huán)境)★destruction

n.破壞,毀滅destroy

v.破壞destructive

adj.毀滅性的construct

v.建設(為……創(chuàng)造更好的條件)construction

n.

建設,建筑constructionbank

建設銀行constructive

adj.建設性的(意見)build

v.建設(具體的建某物)★flood

n.洪水,水災flood=floods都對，都可以用，無區(qū)別★authority[]

n.當局(常用復數(shù)authorities)authority

n.權威（單數(shù)）★spray

v.噴撒spraysth.over/on

往……上噴灑spraywaterover/onflowerspraygrass-seedover/ontheground★quantity

n.（數(shù)）量quantitiesof

大量的……quality

n.質量

sth.withgoodquality

具有好質量的東西★root

n.根Whatistherootcause?

根本原因是什么？rootof…

……的根takeroot

生根comeout

長出來

shootcomeout

發(fā)芽（shoot

n.芽）flowercomeout

開花getout

出去★patch

n.小片，顏色和周圍不同的部分patch

n.(平面上的)一片,補丁(本意)

Whatisthatyellowpatchonthewall?

墻上那塊黃斑是什么？apatchof

一小片；patchesof

許多片Therearepatchesofcloudinthesky.apieceof/abitof/asheetof

一片，一塊……★blacken

v.變黑，發(fā)暗Thesmokehasblackenthewalls.

煙把墻熏黑了。-en后綴表示動詞，譯為“使……變得……”weak

adj.虛弱的——>weaken

v.使……變弱，削弱復合詞（由兩個詞組合而成一個詞），如fireman派生詞（加前綴或后綴的詞）如-tion——名詞后綴；-less——形容詞后綴【Text】Firemenhadbeenfightingtheforestfirefornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.Ashorttimebefore,greattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.Now,smokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundoverthedesolatehills.Winterwascomingonandthehillsthreatenedthesurroundingvillageswithdestruction,forheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofaspecialtypeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.Theseedwassprayedoverthegroundinhugequantitiesbyaeroplanes.Theplaneshadbeenplantingseedfornearlyamonthwhenitbegantorain.Bythen,however,inmanyplacesthegrasshadalreadytakenroot.Inplaceofthegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturiespatchesofgreenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.

參考譯文消防隊員們同那場森林大火搏斗了將近3個星期才最后把火勢控制住.就在不久之前,參天大樹還覆蓋著方圓數(shù)英里的土地.而現(xiàn)在,發(fā)熱的地面上仍然升騰著煙霧,彌漫在荒涼的山丘上.冬季即將來臨,這些山丘對周圍的村莊具有毀滅性的威脅,因為大雨不僅會沖走土壤,而且還會引起嚴重的水災.在大火最后被撲滅后,森林管理當局訂購了好幾噸一種生長迅速的特殊類型的草籽.飛機把這種草籽大量地撒播在地上.飛機撒播近一個月后,開始下起雨來.然而到那時,很多地方的草已經生了根.一片片的綠草開始出現(xiàn)在這片燒焦的土地上,代替了多少世紀以來一直生長在那里的參天大樹.

【課文講解】1、Firemenhadbeenfightingtheforestfirefornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.fightsth.

和……作搏斗getitundercontrol表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”的含義，“get+賓語+介詞短語”作賓補:

TheGovernmentcannolongerkeeppricesundercontrol.

政府已控制不住物價。Gettheroominorder.

2、Ashorttimebefore,greattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.ashorttimebefore和ashorttimeago都可以與段時間相連ashorttimebefore

不久以前，從過去某一點時間算起，一段時間以前ashorttimeago

過去某段時間，從現(xiàn)在算起，一段時間以前formilesaround

方圓幾英里（around表示“在周圍，向四周”）

Thisistheonlymodernbuildingformilesaround.3、Now,smokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundoverthedesolatehills.riseup(from)

升上來smokeriseup

(煙、霧)彌漫4、Winterwascomingonandthehillsthreatenedthesurroundingvillageswithdestruction,forheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.winterwascomingon

冬季即將來臨(季節(jié)的來臨的通用表達式)，comeon的過去進行時形式表示的是過去將來時，它在這里表示季節(jié)的“到來，來臨”：

Whenspringcomeson,therewillbeflowerseverywhere.

Iwasstillintheforestwhennightcameon.washaway

沖掉，沖走，洗掉

Awoodenbridgewaswashedawaybytheflood.

Ican’twashthespotaway.5、Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofaspecialtypeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.putout

撲滅order

定購type強調與其他同類的東西有明顯不同的特征的種類，與kind有區(qū)別6、Theseedwassprayedoverthegroundinhugequantitiesbyaeroplanes.quantity單數(shù)時僅表示“數(shù)量”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少：

Theydrankalarge/great/smallquantityofbeerlastnight.quantity復數(shù)時表示“大量”：

Heboughtbooksin(large)quantities.7、Bythen,however,inmanyplacesthegrasshadalreadytakenroot.takeroot表示“生根”，這個短語也可以表示某處思想/想法等“扎根”：

Thistypeofgrasstakesrooteasily.

Theideahastakenrootinhismind.8、Inplaceofthegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturiespatchesofgreenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.inplaceof

替代，取代(只能指代位置、空間，原來放的東西現(xiàn)在不在了)Inplaceofacup,Iputavasethere.

以前放的是茶杯，現(xiàn)在放的是花瓶。JaneansweredthephoneinplaceofMary.insteadof

替代+沒做的事Insteadofstayinghome,Iwenttoschool.（此句就不能用“inplaceof”，而指地點空間時，既可以用“inplaceof”也可以用“insteadof”。）【Summarywriting】2

Hadallthegreattreesbeenburntornot?

Wastheredangerthatheavyrainwouldcauseseriousfloodsornot?

Wouldthefloodsdestroythesurroundingvillagesornot?(Nowthat…which)3

Didtheforestauthoritiesordergrass-seedtopreventthisornot?Forhowlongwasitsprayedoverthegroundbyplanes?(Topreventthis…which…)4

Diditbegintorainornot?Wherehadthegrasstakenroot?(Bythetimethat…)2Nowthatallthegreattreeshadbeenburnt,therewasdangerthatheavyrainwouldcauseseriousfloodswhichdestroythesurroundingvillages.nowthat

既然；which

定語從句3Topreventthistheforestauthoritiesorderedgrass-seedwhichwassprayedoverthegroundbyplanesfornearlyamonth.toprevent…

為了預防……4Bythetimeitbegantorain,thegrasshadtakenrootinthesoil.bythetime(that)

到……時候為止(that可以省略)，應理解為“before”【Keystructures】過去完成時和過去完成進行時過去完成進行時的構成：hadbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞過去完成進行時用于強調某動作在過去更早的某一段時間內一直在進行，并對過去某一時刻產生結果，過去完成進行時也可用來表示過去經常重復的動作，還可以表示根據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)而得出結論。與它經常連用的表示時間的詞有before，for，since，allday等。

Shewasverytired.Shehadbeentypinglettersallday.

Jillwasangry.Jimhadbeenphoninghereverynightforawholeweek.

Hereyeswerered.Itwasobviousshehadbeencrying.在包含間接引語的句子中，如果引述詞是過去時態(tài)，則現(xiàn)在完成進行時要改為過去完成進行時。過去完成時與過去完成進行時有時可以互換。但需要表示某個工作已經完成時，只能用過去完成時。

WhenIarrived,they’dalredyputthefireout.【SpecialDifficulties】

ControlandCheckcontrol

①vt.控制，指揮，支配，管理Don’ttrytocontrolotherpeople.②n.控制（能力），支配（能力）It’shardtokeepthenumberofpeoplecomingintothecountryundercontrol.check

vt.檢查，核對，查看They’regoingtocheckourpassports.GreatandBiggreat

adj.大的(強調重要性)，偉大的，重大的，重要的

Frankhasjustmadeagreatdecision.big

adj.大的(強調面積、體積、規(guī)模上的大)

Samisabigman.SoilandGroundsoil

n.泥土(能讓植物生長的)，土，土地，土壤

Treesandgrassgrowquicklyinrichsoil.ground

n.地表，地面(與土壤無關)，場地，土地

Hethrewthecuptotheground.【Multiplechoicequestions】6

Theplanes____c___nearlyamonthtoplanttheseed.a.did

b.made

c.took

d.had花費時間的表達：如果人作主語用spend；用時間表達用take9

Large____d____ofseedwereused.a.weights

b.measures

c.tons

d.amountsweight

n.重量；measures

v.測量；tons

n.噸（severaltons）largeamounts

大量的，修飾不可數(shù)名詞11

Patchesofgreenhadbeguntoappear.Therewasgreengrass____d____.a.everywhere

b.onlyinoneortwoplacesc.inoneplace

d.hereandtherepatches許多快everywhere每一寸土地上都長著東西hereandthere這一塊,那一塊,很多快,不一定是每一寸Lesson63

Shewasnotamused【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）

circle

n.圈子admire

v.贊美，欽佩close

adj.親密的wedding

n.婚禮reception

n.招待會sort

n.種類★admire

v.贊美，欽佩①vt.欽佩，贊賞Iadmirehismusicmorethananyoneelse’s.admiresb.forsth.

因為……羨慕某人Iadmirehimforhisrichness/house/cleverdaughter/konwledge.②vt.欣賞，觀賞Whileadmiringthenewbuilding,Iheardsomeonecallingmyname.③vt.(口語)夸獎，稱贊Shelikestohearherchildrenadmired.★close

adj.親密的closefriend

親密的朋友★reception

n.招待會reception＝partyweddingreception

婚宴newsconference

新聞發(fā)布會,記者招待會★sort

n.種類，類型（常與of連用）type種類（有特殊特征的）sort和kind有時可以互換，但在下面兩種情況下用sort：①thatsortofperson

那種人②sort可含有諷刺意味That'sthesortofthingyoulikebest.Youmustn’tmixwiththatsortofpeople.

你不得與那種人交往?！綯ext】JeremyHampdenhasalargecircleoffriendsandisverypopularatparties.Everybodyadmireshimforhisgreatsenseofhumour--everybody,thatis,excepthissix-year-olddaughter,Jenny.Recently,oneofJeremy'sclosestfriendsaskedhimtomakeaspeechataweddingreception.ThisisthesortofthingthatJeremyloves.HepreparedthespeechcarefullyandwenttotheweddingwithJenny.Hehadincludedalargenumberoffunnystoriesinthespeechand,ofcourse,itwasagreatsuccess.Assoonashehadfinished,Jennytoldhimshewantedtogohome.Jeremywasalittledisappointedbythisbuthedidashisdaughterasked.Onthewayhome,heaskedJennyifshehadenjoyedthespeech.Tohissurprise,shesaidshehadn't.Jeremyaskedherwhythiswassoandshetoldhimthatshedidnotliketoseesomanypeoplelaughingathim!

參考譯文杰里米·漢普登交際甚廣,是各種聚會上深受大家歡迎的人.人人都欽佩他那絕妙的幽默感——人人,就是說,除他6歲的女兒珍妮之外的每一個人.最近,杰里米的一個最親密的朋友請他在一個婚禮上祝詞.這正是杰里米喜歡做的事情.他認真準備了講稿,帶著珍妮一道去參加了婚禮.他的祝詞里面加進了大量逗人的故事,自然大獲成功.他剛一講完,珍妮就對他說她要回家.這不免使杰里米有點掃興,但他還是按照女兒的要求做了.在回家的路上,他問珍妮是否喜歡他的祝詞.使他吃驚的是,她說她不喜歡.杰里米問她為何不喜歡,她說她不愿意看到那么多的人嘲笑他!

【課文講解】1、JeremyHampdenhasalargecircleoffriendsandisverypopularatparties.havealargecircleoffriends

有一個很大的朋友圈子,交際很廣＝sb.has/havealotoffriendsHehasalargecircleoffriends.

他有很多朋友circle的含義之一是“（具有共同利益或興趣等的人形成的）圈子，……界”

Suchthingsarenevertalkedaboutinbusinesscircles.

Jeremyusedtohavealargecircleoffriends,butnowhelikesbeingalone.popular

adj.受歡迎的，得人心的

Maryisalwayspopularwith/amongchildren.2、Everybodyadmireshimforhisgreatsenseofhumour--everybody,thatis,excepthissix-year-olddaughter,Jenny.admire…for

欽佩……的……thatis為插入語，一旦插在句子當中,是作為固定結構,意思是“那就是說，亦即”，起解釋作用

HeiscominghomenextMonday,thatis,April5th.senseofhumour

幽默感

Georgehasnosenseofhumour.

Heisamanwithouthumour.3、ThisisthesortofthingthatJeremyloves.thesortof,thekindof的后面加單數(shù)4、HepreparedthespeechcarefullyandwenttotheweddingwithJenny.preparesth.

準備做……，后面跟內容有關系Iampreparingaspeech.

（speech

n.發(fā)言）prepareforsth.

為……作準備，后面不一定跟內容有關系5、Hehadincludedalargenumberoffunnystoriesinthespeechand,ofcourse,itwasagreatsuccess.included包含（把里面內容的一部分挑出來說）contain強調容器里的包含,后面一定要把所有的東西都列舉出來Itwasagreatsuccess.表示“這事做的不錯,不同凡響,很成功”6、Jeremywasalittledisappointedbythisbuthedidashisdaughterasked.alittle稍微,有一點bedisappointedby…

因為……感到失望as+從句

如同……那樣，以……的方式（方式狀語從句）doasyouaretold

按你被告知的做Thisfishisn’tcookedasIlikeit.7、Jeremyaskedherwhythiswassoandshetoldhimthatshedidnotliketoseesomanypeoplelaughingathim!whythiswasso（this可以作主語,也可以作賓語，so只能作賓語,只能放在動詞后面）Ithinkso./Ihopeso./Iguessso./Iexpectso.Irefusetodoso.

我拒絕這樣做seesb.doingsth.

看見某人正在作某事somanypeople跟數(shù)字相連的前面一定要用so★laugh

①vi.(大)笑You’reverykindtolaughwhenItellafunnystory.Everybodylaughedoutloudwhenhesaidthat.②vi.嘲笑（介詞用at）Ifyougorounddayingthingslikethat,everyonewilllaughatyou.如果你到處說那種話，所有的人都會嘲笑你的。如果laughat后跟的是物，表示“因……而發(fā)笑”：

You’reverykindtolaughatmyfunnystories.【Summarywriting】1

IsJeremyHampdengreatlyadmiredforhisgreatsenseofhumourornot?Whatwasheinvitedtodo?Didheimmediatelyagreetodosoornot?(WhenJeremy...whois...)WhenJeremyHampden,whoisgreatlyadmiredforhisgreatsenseofhumour,wasinvitedtomakeaspeechataweddingreception,heimmediatelyagreedtodoso.在不使句子產生歧義的前提下,定語從句可放在其所修飾的整個句子的后面,如以下兩句:Thebrother,whowasstandingnearthehouse,wantedtogoswimming.Thebrotherwantedtogoswimmingwhowasstandingnearthehouse.但下面的就容易產生歧義:Thebrother,whowasstandingnearthehouse,wantedtotalkwiththegirl.Thebrotherwantedtotalkwiththegirlwhowasstandingnearthehouse.(有歧義)【LetterWriting】書信常見開頭：

Youmustbeveryannoyedwithmefor…

Ihavejustheardthat…【Multiplechoicequestions】

4

____a___Jenny,everyoneadmireshimforhisgreatsenseofhumour.a.Exceptfor

b.Apart

c.Except

d.Unlessunless

adv.除非exceptfor＝apartfrom

Apartfromafewwords,IdonotknowanyFrenchatall.

7

Jeremywasalittledisappointed.Hewas____d____disappointed.a.little

b.somehow

c.enough

d.somewhatalittle少量,少許,有一點點；little幾乎沒有。與形容詞或副詞連用時,用alittle；與名詞連用時,用alittle,little都可。何時用alittle,何時用little,是由說話人的態(tài)度區(qū)分somehow

adv.不知怎么的SomehowIfellinthehole.

somewhat

adv.有一些，有一點（somewhat＝alittle）8

Everyoneadmireshim.They____a___him.a.thinkhighlyof

b.laughat

c.estimate

d.esteemthinkof

考慮；thinkhighlyof

高度贊揚estimate

v.評估

；

esteem

v.尊重【語法精粹】1Simplephotographiclensescan’t__D__sharp,undistortedimagesoverawidefield.A.toform

B.areformed

C.forming

D.form情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形構成謂語2Ofallthefactorsaffectingagriculturalyields,weatheristheone___B__themost.A.itinfluencesfarmers

B.thatinfluencesfarmers

C.farmersthatitinfluences

D.whyfarmersinfluenceit

如果一句子出現(xiàn)了謂語動詞,再出現(xiàn)動詞則可能是：①并列關系②從句③非謂語動詞④介詞短語why引導的從句一定是表語從句或賓語從句3Bytrackingtheeyeofahurricane,forecasterscandeterminethespeedatwhich___B__A.isastormmoving

B.astormismoving

C.ismovingastorm

D.amovingstormwhich后接的是定語從句，且是atwhich在句中作成份atwhich=atthespeed

ThisistheriverinwhichIswim.4Duringthefloodof1927,theRedCross,___D__outofemergencyheadquartersinMississppi,setuptemporarysheltersforthehomeless.A.operates

B.isoperating

C.hasoperated

D.operating6Duringaneclipseofthesun,_____intheshadowoftheMoon.A.theEarthlies

B.theEarthwhenlying

C.thattheEarthlies

D.thelyingEarth少了主語和謂語動詞Lesson64

TheChannelTunnel【Newwordsandexpressions】（13）

tunnel

n.隧道port

n.港口ventilate

v.通風chimney

n.煙囪sealevel

海平面double

adj.雙的ventilation

n.通風fear

v.害怕invasion

n.入侵，侵略officially

adv.正式地connect

v.連接European

adj.歐洲的continent

n.大陸★tunnel

n.隧道channel

n.海峽（TheChannel

英吉利海峽）★ventilate

v.通風★ventilation

n.通風ForcedVentilation

強制排風系統(tǒng)（forced[]

adj.被迫的，強迫的，動用武力的）air

v.通風Airtheroom,please!

給房間通通風★double

adj.雙的字母W的讀音就是“doubleu”，意為兩個u構成w.couple，pair

兩個acoupleofweeksapairofshoes/socks/glasses一副眼鏡★fear

v.害怕①vt.害怕，畏懼sb.feardoingsth.

害怕做……Shefearsspeakinginpublic.sb.fearsth.

害怕……

Ifeareddarkness.

beafraidof

害怕……Iamafraidofdogs.beafraidof/fear

人做主語②vt.恐怕，猜想（比beafraid要正式）fearthat…

恐怕……Wefear/Itisfeared/We’reafraidthatmanyliveshavebeenlostinthecrash.beafraidthat…=Iamsorry.

恐怕……（婉言謝絕）Canyouhelpme?

IamafraidIcan't.=Iamafraidnot.

fright/frighten/frightening/frightened/frightfulsth.frightensb.=sth.scaresb.

……嚇了……一跳

Youfrightened/scaredme.Thedoyfrightenedme.

frighten=scare是因某件突然的事情才讓某人產生了害怕的情緒，句子后邊的部分是人horrify[]

v.使恐怖,使極度厭惡,驚駭horrified[]

adj.驚悸的,帶有恐怖感的,驚駭?shù)摹飅nvasion

n.入侵,侵略invade[]

vt.侵略,侵襲,擁擠★officially

adv.正式地official

adj.（官方的）正式formally

adv.（一般的）正式★connect

v.連接connectsth.with/to…

把……和……連接

connectAwithB

(A和B平等)

connectAtoB

(A連到B上去)

Thisroadconnectsthevillagewith/toLondon.★European

adj.歐洲的★continent

n.大陸EuropeanContinent

歐洲大陸（不包括歐洲島國）【Text】In1858,aFrenchengineer,AimeThomedeGamond,arrivedinEnglandwithaplanforatwenty-one-miletunnelundertheEnglishChannel.HesaidthatitwouldbepossibletobuildaplatforminthecentreoftheChannel.Thisplatformwouldserveasaportandarailwaystation.Thetunnelwouldbewell-ventilatediftallchimneyswerebuiltabovesealevel.In1860,abetterplanwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow.Hesuggestedthatadoublerailway-tunnelshouldbebuilt.Thiswouldsolvetheproblemofventilation,forifatrainenteredthistunnel,itwoulddrawinfreshairbehindit.Forty-twoyearslateratunnelwasactuallybegun.If,atthetime,theBritishhadnotfearedinvasion,itwouldhavebeencompleted.Theworldhadtowaitalmostanother100yearsfortheChannelTunnel.ItwasofficiallyopenedonMarch7,1994,finallyconnectingBritaintotheEuropeancontinent.參考譯文1858年,一位名叫埃梅·托梅·德·干蒙的法國工程師帶著建造一條長21英里、穿越英吉利海峽的隧道計劃到了英國.他說,可以在隧道中央建造一座平臺,這座平臺將用作碼頭和火車站.如果再建些伸出海面的高大的煙囪狀通風管,隧道就具備了良好的通風條件.1860年,一位名叫威廉·洛的英國人提出了一項更好的計劃.他提議建一條雙軌隧道,這樣就解決了通風問題.因為如果有一列火車開進隧道,它就把新鮮空氣隨之抽進了隧道.42年以后,隧道實際已經開始建了.如果不是因為那時英國人害怕入侵,隧道早已建成了.世界不得不再等將近100年才看到海峽隧道竣工.它于1994年3月7日正式開通,將英國與歐洲大陸連到了一起.

【課文講解】1、In1858,aFrenchengineer,AimeThomedeGamond,arrivedinEnglandwithaplanforatwenty-one-miletunnelundertheEnglishChannel.

planfor+名詞/動名詞

……的計劃twenty-one-mile加連字符，用單數(shù)，作定語2、Thisplatformwouldserveasaportandarailwaystation.serveas…=servefor…

起……作用，用作……，充當……Itwillserveasaswimmingpool.Thissofacanserveas/for(a)bed.3、In1860,abetterplanwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow.putforward(plan/suggestion)

提出（計劃、建議等）

Youknowtheywouldn’tacceptyourplan.Whydidyouputitforward?4、Hesuggestedthatadoublerailway-tunnelshouldbebuilt.suggest①

vt.暗示，用法與其他的詞相同②

vt.建議，用虛擬語氣，后接動詞是要用-ing形式，后接that從句采用一種固定的用法“should+動詞原形”（should可省略）Isuggested(that)he(should)gohome.

(that,should都可省略)

HesuggestedthatIshouldgowithhim.

他建議我一定要跟他去.insist作“堅持”講時用法同suggest

HeinsistedthatIshouldstaytolunch.

他堅持要我留下來吃晚飯.5、Thiswouldsolvetheproblemofventilation,forifatrainenteredthistunnel,itwoulddrawinfreshairbehindit.drawin

吸進，如用bring沒有drawin形象、貼切6、If,atthetime,theBritishhadnotfearedinvasion,itwouldhavebeencompleted.虛擬語氣(非真實條件句)中，與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句用一般過去時；與過去事實相反，從句用過去完成時，此時主句格式為wouldhavedone，would/could/should都可以情態(tài)動詞加havedone表示對過去的推測，如musthavedone，can'thavedone等7、Theworldhadtowaitalmostanother100yearsfortheChannelTunnel.waitforsb.

wait(for)sometimesIhavewaitedfiveminutes.(for可不要)Ihavewaitedforyou(for)fiveminutes.

Ihavewaitedfiveyearsforyou.【Summarywriting】1

WhoplannedtobuildatunnelundertheEnglishChannelin1858?Howwoulditbeventilated?(Thetunnel,which…)4

Didworkbeginforty－twoyearslaterornot?Whywasitstopped?(Though…because)5

WhenwastheChannelTunnelofficiallyopened?(However)1

先行詞,which:非限定性定語從句Thetunnel,whichaFrenchengineerplannedtobuildin1858,wouldbeventilatediftallchimmeyswerebuiltabovesealevel.4

Thoughitwasbegun(workbeginforty-twoyearslater),itwasstoppedbecause…5

However起了副詞的作用,后面可以直接加一個句子【Composition】

1

TheEnglishChannelseparatesBritainfromEurope.Thecountryhasnotbeeninvadedsince106