2023-2024學(xué)年江蘇省徐州市侯集高級中學(xué)高二（上）入學(xué)英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2023-2024學(xué)年江蘇省徐州市侯集高級中學(xué)高二（上）入學(xué)英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）A

HenryRaeburn(1756-1823)TheExhibition

ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.

LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPortrait(肖像畫)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.AnIntroductiontoRaeburn

Sunday26Oct.,15.00

DUNCANTHOMSONRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries

Thursday30Oct.,13.10

JUDYEGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationin

Raeburn'sPortraits

Thursday6Nov.,13.10

NICHOLASPHILLIPSONRaeburnandArtist'sTraininginthe

18thCentury

Thursday13Nov.,13.10

MARTINPOSTLEExhibitionTimes

Monday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45

Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.

Closed:24-26Decemberand1January.

Admission

￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.

SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.1.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries?A.Sun.26Oct. B.Thurs.30Oct. C.Thurs.6Nov. D.Thurs.13Nov.2.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.3.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.

B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.

C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.

D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.B

Iwassittinginachemistrylabclassduringmyfirstyearofuniversity,nervousabouttheexperimentweweretoperform.Igrabbedapipette(吸液管)and,asIfeared,myhandstartedtoshake.Theexperiencewasdisheartening:Iwashopingtopursueacareerinscience,butIstartedtowonderwhetherthatwouldbepossible.Ithoughtmydreamshadcrashedtotheground.Iwasaboybornwithbraindamage.Myfamilymanagedtofindgooddoctorswherewelived,inLeningrad(nowSt.Petersburg),Russia,andItookpartinclinicaltrialstestingnewtreatments.Shortlyaftermyfirstbirthday,Istartedwalkinganditbecameclearmyintelligencefunctionwasunaffected.So,insomesense,Iwaslucky.Still,Icouldn?tdosomethingsgrowingup.Bothhandsshook,especiallywhenIwasnervousorembarrassed.Mylefthandwasmuchworsethanmyright,soIlearnedtowriteanddosimpletaskswithmyrighthand,butitwasn?teasytodoanythingprecisely.Asateenager,Ifacedalotofbullyingatschool.Feelingalone,Ijoinedastudygroupcalled“Thenaturalworld”.Ithoughtthatgettingintotheworldofanimalswouldkeepmeawayfrompeople.That?showIcameintothefieldofbiology.Atuniversity,Ienjoyedthelecturesinmyscienceclasses.Manylabtasksprovedimpossible,however.AsIstruggledwithmymood,Ireadabookaboutdepression.Fromthenon,thephysiologyofmentaldisordersbecamemyscientificpassion.Ilookedintowhatwasbeingdonelocallyandwasexcitedtodiscoveralabthatdidbehavioralexperimentsinratstostudydepression.Attheendofmysecondyear,IapproachedtheprofessorofthelabtoseewhetherIcouldworkwithher.IwasafraidtoadmitIcouldn?tdosomelabtasks.Tomyrelief,shewascompletelysupportive.Shesetmetoworkperformingbehavioralexperimentsforothersinthelabwiththehelpofcolleagues.Ilovedthesupportiveatmosphereandstayedtheretocompletemymaster?sandPh.D.I?vecometorealizethatmyhandsaren?tthebarrierIthoughttheywere.Bymakinguseofmyabilitiesandworkingaspartofateam,I?vebeenabletofollowmypassions.I?vealsorealizedthatthere?smuchmoretobeingascientistthanperformingthephysicallabor.Imaynotcollectallthedatainmypapers,butI?mfullycapableofdesigningexperimentsandinterpretingresults,which,tome,isthemostexcitingpartofscience.4.Whatwastheauthor?sdream?A.Toliveanormallife. B.Tobecomeascientist.

C.Togetamaster?sdegree. D.Torecoverfromdepression.5.TheauthorsaidhewasluckyinParagraph2because____________________.A.hedidn'tlosethefunctionofbothhands

B.helearnedhowtowalkattheageofteenager

C.hisfamilycouldaffordtoseegooddoctors

D.hisbraindamagedidn?taffecthisintellectualcapacity6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.theauthor?sowndepressioninspiredhimtohelpotherswithmentaldisorders

B.theauthorwassurroundedbyateamwhourgedhimtofurtherhisstudy

C.theauthor?slonelinessmovedhimtowardstheworldofbiology

D.theauthorfinallyfinishedthelabtasksonhisown7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoexpress?A.Lovingyourselfmakesadifference.

B.Opportunityfollowspreparedpeople.

C.Abrightfuturebeginswithasmalldream.

D.Thesunsomehowshinesthroughthestorm.CAteamofresearchersatETHZurichhastheperfectlong-lastingsolutiontoourfogproblem.Theyhavedevelopedaverythinandgold-basedtransparentcosting（涂層）thatcanconvertsunlightintoheat，whichcanbeappliedtoglassandothersurfacestopreventthemfromfogging.

Thespecialcoatingisdevelopedusingtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles.Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations（紅外線照射）fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject.Thecoatingbasicallyemploysheattostopfogging.Thecoatingabsorbsalargepartoftheinfraredradiation，whichcausesittoheatup—byupto8℃.

Previously，productslikeanti-foggingsprayscreateaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog.Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution.Alongwithwater，thespraysalsoattractdirt，dust，oil，andvariousotherdirtysubstances，andjustalittledirtonthesurfacemakesituseless.However，thenew-coatingrepels（排斥）water.Furthermore，thecoatingissignificantlythinner，whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible.Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires，duringdaytime，noadditionalenergysource.

Goldmightbeexpensive，buttheresearchersstressthattheircoatingrequiressolittlethatthematerialcostsremainlow.Theircoatingisproducedwithstandardizedandreadilyscalablemethods，allcost-effectively.However，althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarirradiation，itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight.

Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications.Intheprocess，theywillexaminewhetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold.Thereisnoneedtofear，however，thiswouldcauseacarorabuildingtoheatupmoreinthesummer.Theresearchershavealreadyfiledapatent.Hopefully，thisgroundbreakingproductwillsoonbeavailableonthemarket.8.Howdoesthenewcoatingworktoremovefog？______A.Byreflectingpartofsunlightselectively.

B.Bykeepingcoolairawayfromtheobject.

C.Bycreatingathinfilmofwateronthesurface.

D.Byabsorbinginfraredradiationstoheatthecoating.9.Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousanti-foggingproducts？______A.Tostresstheadvantagesofthenewcoating.

B.Tointroducetheinspirationbehindthenewcosting.

C.Toprovethedifficultyofcreatinganti-foggingproducts.

D.Toexplainthereasonfortheanti-foggingcoatingbeingpopular.10.Whatisthelimitationofthenewcoating？______A.Itisconsiderablyexpensive.

B.Itdependsonsunlighttowork.

C.Ittakestoomuchtimetoproduce.

D.Itisdifficulttocleanandmaintain.11.Whatdotheresearchersplantodonext______A.Seekmorematerialsasthecoating.

B.Applyforapatentfortheinvention.

C.Developtheproductformorepracticaluses.

D.Exploretheenvironmentalimpactofthecoating.DAsmallgroupofpaleontologists（古生物學(xué)家）recentlydiscovered10speciesofancientmammalspreviouslyunknowntosciencewiththehelpofanenormousnumberofhelpersattheirdigsite——ants.

ThestudyofancientmammalscastsnewlightonthediversityofmammalsthatexistedinNorthAmericaaround33millionto35millionyearsago，whentheclimatewaschangingdrastically.Italsopaysattentiontotheharvesterants（收割蟻），withwhichresearchershavelonghadalove-haterelationship."Theantsarenotfantasticwhenthey'rebitingyou，"saidSamanthaHopkins，aprofessorofEarthSciencesattheUniversityofOregon."ButI'vegottoappreciatethembecausetheymakemyjobawholeloteasier."

Mostspeciesofharvesterantsliveinsubterraneancavesthatsitbeneathasmallhillofdirt.Theystrengthenthedirtbycoveringitwithbitsofrockandothertoughmaterials.Theantshavebeenknowntotraveloverahundredfeetfromtheircavesandtodigsixfeetdeepinpursuitofmaterialsthathelpsecuretheircaves.Thematerialsincludefossils（化石）.Harvesterantscancarrymaterials10timesto50timestheweightoftheirbody，althoughtheydonotweighverymuch，sotheheaviestfossiltheycancollectweighslessthantheaveragepill.

Giventhesize，harvesteranthillsarehotspotsforwhatscientistscallmicrovertebrate（微型脊椎動物）fossils，whichareanimalfossilstoosmalltoseewithoutamicroscope.Foroveracentury，scientistslikeDr.Hopkinshavefoundsediment（沉積物）offthesidesofharvesteranthillsinsearchofthesefossils，makingiteasiertofindlargenumbersoffossilizedmammalteethwithoutspendinghoursinthefieldsiftingthroughsandanddirt.12.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage？______A.Tocomparetwodifferentspecies.

B.Toprovideevidencefordiscoveries.

C.Tointroduceakindofantasahelper.

D.Topromoteawarenessofmammalprotection.13.Whichaspectmayinfluencethediversityofmammalsinthepast？______A.Climatechange. B.Antnumbers. C.Cavematerials. D.Dirtlocations.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"subterranean"meaninparagraph3？______A.Coastal. B.Urban. C.Mountainous. D.Underground.15.Whatcanwelearnabouttheharvesterantsfromthelasttwoparagraphs？______A.Theircavesaremilesdeep.

B.Materialswithfossilsaretheirfood.

C.Theycancarrypillsaround.

D.Fossilsmaybefoundaroundtheirhills.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）Wehavefeaturedpeoplewholostweightbyfollowingmanydifferentmethods.Somefocusedstrictlyon

eatingwell.(16)Herearesomelessonsyoucanlearnfromthosepeople.

Onethingmostofourwellnesswinnershadincommonwasaturning-pointmoment.ForSanBoeuf，herjourneystartedwhenherunhealthyweightwasthreateningherdreamofbecomingamother.Shefocusedon

hergoalofbeinghealthyenoughtohavekids.(17)

Manyofourwinnersreliedontechnologytoassistthemontheirweight-lossjourneys.There'renumerousapps，devicesandonlinecommunities.(18)Sousingallthetoolsavailablemakesadifference，whetherthoseareappstologyourfood，smartdevicestotrackyourexercise，oronlinecommunitiestofindthesupportyouneed.

Losingasignificantamountofweightisalongprocess.(19)Allofthewellnesswinnersexperiencedstrugglesalongthewaybutmanagedtostayorgetbackontrackandmaintaintheirhealthyhabits.SusanElizabethChaneystruggleswithaneatingdisorderafterlosingasignificantamountofweight.

(20)Chooseadietyoucanstickwith.Inotherwords，thespecificplanmattersalotlessthantheeffortyouputintoit.Someusedintermittentfasting（間歇性禁食），whileothersfoundeatingsmallermealsthroughoutthedaytobemoresustainable.

A.Theycanhelppeopleloseweight.

B.Setahealthylifestyleforyourself.

C.There'snomagicdietforwellnesswinners.

D.Therearestrugglesandsetbacksalongtheway.

E.Butfindinghelpandsupportmadeabigdifference.

F.Alongwithlotsofhardwork，shemanagedtolose167pounds.

G.Othersfoundaloveofexercise—orahealthycombinationsofboth.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）IusedtobelieveintheAmericanDream，whichmeantajob，amortgage（按揭），creditcards，success.Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse，allofus（1）______chasingthesamething.

Oneyear，throughaseriesofunhappyevents，itallfell（2）______.Ifoundmyselfhomelessandalone.Ihadmytruckand＄56.I（3）______thecountrysideforsomeplaceIcouldrentforthe（4）______possibleamount.Icameuponashabbyhousefourmilesupawindingmountainroad（5）______thePotomacRiverinWestVirginia.Itwas（6）______，fullofbrokenglassandrubbish.Ifoundtheowner，rentedit，and（7）______acornertocampin.

Thelocalsknewnothingaboutme，（8）______slowly，theystartedteachingmethe（9）______ofbeinganeighbor.Theydroppedoffblankets，candles，andtools，andbegan（10）______aroundtochat.Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina（11）______AmericanDream--nottheoneofindividualachievementbutof（12）______.

WhatIhadbelievedin，allthosethingsIthoughtwere（13）______foracivilizedlife，werenonexistentinthisplace.（14）______onthemountain，mymostvaluablepossessionsweremy（15）______withmyneighbors.

Fouryearslater，Imovedbackinto（16）______.Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime，（17）______theirjobsandhomes.Imanagedtorentabigenoughhouseto（18）______ahandfulofpeople.Therearefourofusnowinthehouse，butovertimeI'vehadninepeoplecomeinandmoveontootherplaces.We'dallbein（19）______ifwehadn'tbandedtogether.

TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.It'snotsomuchaboutwhatIcangetformyself，it'sabout（20）______wecanallgetbytogether.21.

A.separately B.equally C.violently D.naturally22.

A.off B.apart C.over D.out23.

A.crossed B.left C.toured D.searched24.

A.fullest B.largest C.fairest D.cheapest25.

A.at B.through C.over D.round26.

A.occupied B.abandoned C.emptied D.robbed27.

A.turned B.approached C.cleared D.cut28.

A.but B.although C.otherwise D.for29.

A.benefit B.lesson C.nature D.art30.

A.sticking B.looking C.swinging D.turning31.

A.wild B.real C.different D.remote32.

A.neighborliness B.happiness C.friendliness D.kindness33.

A.unique B.expensive C.rare D.necessary34.

A.Up B.Down C.Deep D.Along35.

A.cooperation B.relationships C.satisfaction D.appointments36.

A.reality B.society C.town D.life37.

A.creating B.losing C.quitting D.offering38.

A.putin B.turnin C.takein D.getin39.

A.yards B.shelters C.camps D.cottages40.

A.when B.what C.whether D.how四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）41.ThedaystartsearlyforShiXiaogang，awildliferanger（護(hù)林員）attheWolongNationalNatureReserveinSouthwestChina'sSichuanprovince.Hemonitorsthepopulationofgiantpandasandconductslong-rangepatrols（巡邏）insomeofthemostextremeenvironments，（1）______isachallengingand，often，dangerousjob.

（2）______（cover）about200，000hectares，WolongNationalNatureReserveishometooneofthelargestremaininggiantpandapopulationsinChina.Thankstotherangers'likeShi'sefforts，（3）______numberofwildgiantpandasinthereservehasincreasedfrom104，in2015，to149today.In2016，theInternationalUnionforConservationofNature（4）______（announce）thatthegiantpanda'sstatushadbeenchangedfrom"endangered"to"vulnerable"onitsRedListofThreatenedSpecies.

Aswellas"thehomeofgiantpandas"，thereserveis（5）______（wide）knownasa"bio-genebank".Itfeaturesagreatnumberofthreatenedspeciesofplantsandanimals，includingotherfamous（6）______（creature），suchastheredpanda，snowleopardandcloudedleopardamongthe121speciesofmammals（哺乳動物）（7）______（record）.Therearealso392birdspecies.

Tomarktherangers'hardworkandcontributiontowildlife（8）______（protect）inthereserve，lastyear，20rangers（9）______（recognize）withspecialcommendations（表揚(yáng)）atanonlineawardceremonyfortheIUCNWorldCommissiononProtectedAreas'InternationalRangerAwards.

Thecommissionspeakshighlyoftheirwork，sayingthattheyhelpstopbiodiversitylossandprotecttheimportantecosystemsthatserve（10）______naturalsolutionstoclimatechangeandotherglobalchallenges.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）42.假定你校英文報(bào)正在以"養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，促進(jìn)我健康"為主題開展征文活動。請寫一篇短文，向報(bào)社投稿，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）介紹一項(xiàng)你的好習(xí)慣；

（2）該習(xí)慣對健康的影響；

（3）呼吁養(yǎng)成健康習(xí)慣。

注意：（1）詞數(shù)100左右，題目已為你寫好；

（2）可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

GoodHabits，GoodHeal

43.Alongtimeago,whenIworkedinAhmedabad,wewouldoftendrivetoMountAbuforshorttrips-ittookusanywherebetweenseventoeighthourstodriveup.Thatyear,mycloserelativeswerevisitingfromLucknowduringtheholidays,andwemadeaplantovisitAbuforthreedays.Sincethereweresevenofus,includingmybrother'sfamilywhoalsolivedinAhmedabad,wehiredtwocabs.Wepickedourselvesintothevehicles,stacked（堆放）ourluggageonthecarriersontopandstartedout.

Soonitwastimetoreturn.Duringthejourneyback,westoppedataDhabaforteaandsnacksneartheMehanadistrict.That'swhenInoticedsuddenlythattheropewithwhichtheluggagewastiedonandofthecarriershadcomelooseandoneofthesuitcaseswasmissing.Itmusthavefallenoffsomewherealongtheway.

Althoughitdidn'tcontainanyvaluables-justclothesandsomecash,wedecidedtoretraceoursteps,drawingbackfourkilometers，lookingforthebag.Butluckwasn'tourfriend：wecouldnotlocateitandreturnedtoAhmedabaddepressed.

Afteraboutamonth,oneday,whileinmyoffice,IgotacallfrommyassistantthatacertainMr.Shahwantedtoseeme.Iwasinthemiddleofameetingsohewasaskedtowait.AfterIgotdone,Icalledhimintomyoffice.

Iwaslookingafterthedevelopmentofsmallindustriesinthestateatthetime,somyimmediatequerywas."Howcanwehelpyou？Doyouwanttosetupanindustryorareyoufacinganyissuesinyourenterprise？"

Towhichhesaid,"No,sir.Ihavenotcomeforanyofficialhelp.Itisapersonalmatter.Didyoulosesomethingrecently？"

Ofcourse,itallcamebacktomeandItoldhimaboutthelostsuitcasefromthecabbackfromMountAbuamonthago.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

ThenShahtoldhissideofthestory.______

Butthegentlemaninsistedondeliveringthesuitcasetomeinperson.______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、B、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了為紀(jì)念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫家亨利·雷伯恩爵士進(jìn)行的展覽的相關(guān)情況。

1.

略

2.

略

3.

略4~7.【答案】B、D、C、D【解析】【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者天生腦損傷，但仍然夢想成為一名科學(xué)家。經(jīng)歷了重重困難，最終作者實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。

1.

根據(jù)第一段Iwashopingtopursueacareerinscience，butIstartedtowonderwhetherthatwouldbepossible.Ithoughtmydreamshadcrashedtotheground.（我希望從事科學(xué)方面的職業(yè)，但我開始懷疑這是否可能。我以為我的夢想已經(jīng)破滅了）可知，作者的夢想是成為科學(xué)家。故選B。2.

根據(jù)第二段Shortlyaftermyfirstbirthday，Istartedwalkinganditbecameclearmyintelligencefunctionwasunaffected.So，insomesense，Iwaslucky.（在我第一個生日后不久，我開始走路，很明顯我的智力功能沒有受到影響。所以，在某種意義上，我是幸運(yùn)的）可知，作者說他在第二段是幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)樗哪X損傷沒有影響他的智力。故選D。3.

根據(jù)第三段中Asateenager，Ifacedalotofbullyingatschool.Feelingalone，Ijoinedastudygroupcalled"Thenaturalworld".Ithoughtthatgettingintotheworldofanimalswouldkeepmeawayfrompeople.That'showIcameintothefieldofbiology.（十幾歲的時候，我在學(xué)校遭遇了很多欺凌。感到孤獨(dú)，我加入了一個名為"自然世界"的學(xué)習(xí)小組。我以為進(jìn)入動物的世界會讓我遠(yuǎn)離人類。這就是我進(jìn)入生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域的原因）可知，從文章中可以看出，作者的孤獨(dú)使他走向了生物學(xué)的世界。故選C。4.

根據(jù)最后一段I'vecometorealizethatmyhandsaren'tthebarrierIthoughttheywere.Bymakinguseofmyabilitiesandworkingaspartofateam，I'vebeenabletofollowmypassions.I'vealsorealizedthatthere'smuchmoretobeingascientistthanperformingthephysicallabor.Imaynotcollectallthedatainmypapers，butI'mfullycapableofdesigningexperimentsandinterpretingresults，which，tome，isthemostexcitingpartofscience.（我開始意識到我的手并不是我想象中的障礙。通過發(fā)揮我的能力和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，我能夠追隨我的熱情。我也意識到，作為一名科學(xué)家，除了從事體力勞動，還有更多的事情要做。我可能無法在論文中收集所有的數(shù)據(jù)，但我完全有能力設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)并解釋結(jié)果，對我來說，這是科學(xué)中最令人興奮的部分）可推知，作者想要表達(dá)的是：陽光總會穿過暴風(fēng)雨。故選D。8~11.【答案】D、A、B、C【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段It

selectively

absorbs

infrared

radiations（紅外線照射）from

the

sunlight

and

creates

a

heating

effect

that

is

powerful

enough

to

keep

fog

away

from

the

surface

of

an

object（它選擇性地吸收陽光中的紅外輻射，并產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的熱效應(yīng)，足以使霧遠(yuǎn)離物體表面）可知這種新涂層通過吸收紅外輻射加熱涂層來消除霧氣。因此D.By

absorbing

infrared

radiations

to

heat

the

coating.（通過吸收紅外輻射來加熱涂層。）符合題意。故選D。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段Previously，products

like

anti-fogging

sprays

create

a

very

thin

film

of

water

on

the

surface

to

remove

fog.The

problem

with

such

surfaces

is

pollution.Along

with

water，the

sprays

also

attract

dirt，dust，oil，and

various

other

dirty

substances，and

just

a

little

dirt

on

the

surface

makes

it

useless.However，the

new-coating

repels（排斥）water.Furthermore，the

coating

is

significantly

thinner，which

makes

it

more

transparent

as

well

as

flexible.It

is

heated

passively

and

requires，during

daytime，no

additional

energy

source.（以前，像防霧噴霧這樣的產(chǎn)品會在表面形成一層非常薄的水膜來消除霧氣。這種表面的問題是污染。除了水，噴霧還會吸引污垢、灰塵、油和各種其他臟物質(zhì)，表面上的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)污垢就讓它沒用了。然而，新涂層排斥水。此外，涂層明顯更薄，這使得它更透明且更柔韌。它是被動加熱的，白天不需要額外的能源。）可知作者提到了以前的防霧產(chǎn)品，以強(qiáng)調(diào)新涂層的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此A.To

stress

the

advantages

of

the

new

coating.（強(qiáng)調(diào)新涂層的優(yōu)點(diǎn)）符合題意。故選A。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段However，although

this

product

can

work

at

very

low

levels

of

solar

irradiation，it

does

rely

on

a

certain

amount

of

light.（然而，雖然這種產(chǎn)品可以在非常低的太陽輻射水平下工作，但它確實(shí)依賴于一定量的光。）可知這種新涂層的局限性在于它依賴于陽光來工作。故選B。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段The

researchers

will

develop

the

coating

further

for

other

applications.（研究人員將為其他應(yīng)用進(jìn)一步開發(fā)這種涂層。）可知研究人員計(jì)劃下一步開發(fā)更多實(shí)際用途的產(chǎn)品。因此C.Develop

the

product

for

more

practical

uses.（開發(fā)更實(shí)用的產(chǎn)品）符合題意。故選C。

本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院（ETHZurich）的一組研究人員找到了解決霧氣問題的完美持久的解決方案。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。12~15.【答案】C、A、D、D【解析】（1）寫作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是文章第一段Asmallgroupofpaleontologists（古生物學(xué)家）recentlydiscovered10speciesofancientmammalspreviouslyunknowntosciencewiththehelpofanenormousnumberofhelpersattheirdigsite：ants.（最近，一小群古生物學(xué)家在他們挖掘現(xiàn)場的大量幫手——螞蟻的幫助下，發(fā)現(xiàn)了10種以前科學(xué)界不知道的古代哺乳動物。）和第二段中"Theantsarenotfantasticwhenthey'rebitingyou，"saidSamanthaHopkins，aprofessorofEarthSciencesattheUniversityofOregon."ButI'vegottoappreciatethembecausetheymakemyjobawholeloteasier."（俄勒岡大學(xué)地球科學(xué)教授SamanthaHopkins說："當(dāng)螞蟻咬你的時候，它們并不是很奇妙。""但我必須感激他們，因?yàn)樗鼈冏屛业墓ぷ鬏p松了很多。"）可知，本文主要講述了最近古生物學(xué)家開始利用螞蟻來幫助自己尋找和收集化石。由此可知，這篇文章的目的是介紹作為古生物學(xué)家助手的一種螞蟻。故選C項(xiàng)。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段ThestudyofancientmammalsshedsnewlightonthediversityofmammalsthatexistedinNorthAmericaaround33millionto35millionyearsago，whentheclimatewaschangingdrastically.（這項(xiàng)對古代哺乳動物的研究揭示了大約3300萬到3500萬年前氣候劇烈變化時北美洲哺乳動物的多樣性。）可知，古生物學(xué)家對古代哺乳動物的研究進(jìn)一步揭示了以前哺乳動物的多樣性，那時氣候正發(fā)生劇烈變化，由此可推知，氣候可能會影響哺乳動物的多樣性。故選A項(xiàng)。

（3）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段Most

species

of

harvester

ants

live

in

subterranean

caves

that

sit

beneath

a

small

hill

of

dirt.They

strengthen

the

dirt

by

covering

it

with

bits

of

rock

and

other

tough

materials.（大多數(shù)種類的收割蟻都生活在一個小土丘_______洞穴里。他們用巖石和其他堅(jiān)硬的材料覆蓋泥土，使其更加堅(jiān)固。）可知劃線詞意為"地下的"，A.Coastal.沿海的；B.Urban.城市的；C.Mountainous.山地的；D.Underground.地下的。故選D項(xiàng)。

（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Thematerialsincludefossils.（這些材料包括化石。）以及第四段中Foroveracentury，scientistslikeDr.Hopkinshavefoundsediment（沉積物）offthesidesofharvesteranthillsinsearchofthesefossils，makingiteasiertofindlargenumbersoffossilizedmammalteethwithoutspendinghoursinthefieldsiftingthroughsandanddirt.（一個多世紀(jì)以來，像Hopkins博士這樣的科學(xué)家一直在采集蟻丘兩側(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)沉積物，以尋找這些化石，這使得不用花費(fèi)數(shù)小時在田野里篩選沙土，就能更容易地找到大量哺乳動物牙齒化石。）可知，科學(xué)家們從收獲蟻在洞穴上堆起的小山周圍找到了微型脊椎動物化石。故選D項(xiàng)。

這是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了最近古生物學(xué)家開始利用螞蟻來幫助自己尋找和收集化石，盡管螞蟻很小而且還會咬人，但它仍然發(fā)揮了極大的作用。螞蟻的幫助不僅減輕了古生物學(xué)家的負(fù)擔(dān)，也加快了古生物化石的發(fā)掘進(jìn)度。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細(xì)讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強(qiáng)的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。16~20.【答案】G、F、A、D、C【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)首句Wehavefeaturedpeoplewholostweightbyfollowingmanydifferentmethods.（我們介紹了通過遵循許多不同的方法減肥的人。）可知，此處說的是很多人的減肥方法不同，下文Somefocusedstrictlyoneatingwell.（有些人嚴(yán)格關(guān)注吃得好。）介紹的是其中一些人的減肥方式，由此可推斷，此空處要繼續(xù)介紹其他人的減肥方式，E選項(xiàng)Othersfoundaloveofexercise—orahealthycombinationsofboth.（其他人則發(fā)現(xiàn)了對運(yùn)動的熱愛——或者兩者的健康結(jié)合。）中的others為解題的關(guān)鍵信息，符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)空前的Shefocusedonhergoalofbeinghealthyenoughtohavekids.（她專注于自己的目標(biāo)，即足夠健康，可以生孩子。）可知，此處講述的是一位女性減肥的方式，所以此空仍于該女性有關(guān)聯(lián)，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)Alongwithlotsofhardwork，shemanagedtolose167pounds.（加上大量的努力，她設(shè)法減掉了167磅。）中的she指代的對象與上文涉及到的女性SanBoeuf是同一人，代詞指代內(nèi)容一致，且語意貫通。故選F項(xiàng)。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)空前兩句Manyofourwinnersreliedontechnologytoassistthemontheirweight-lossjourneys.There'renumerousapps，devicesandonlinecommunities.（我們的許多獲獎?wù)咭揽考夹g(shù)來幫助他們進(jìn)行減肥之旅。有許多應(yīng)用程序、設(shè)備和在線社區(qū)。）可知，該段講述的是人們靠科技減肥的方式，所以，此空內(nèi)容應(yīng)與高科技有關(guān)系，A項(xiàng)Theycanhelppeopleloseweight.（他們可以幫助人們減肥。）中的they指代的內(nèi)容為上文中的apps，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)空前Losingasignificantamountofweightisalongprocess.（減掉大量的體重是一個漫長的過程。）以及空后Allofthewellnesswinnersexperiencedstrugglesalongthewaybutmanagedtostayorgetbackontrackandmaintaintheirhealthyhabits.（所有健康獲獎?wù)叨冀?jīng)歷了一路上的掙扎，但設(shè)法保持或回到正軌并保持他們的健康習(xí)慣。）可知，減肥是有很多困難的，D選項(xiàng)Therearestrugglesandsetbacksalongtheway.（一路上有掙扎和挫折。）的內(nèi)容與上下文內(nèi)容吻合，均是介紹減肥路上有很多的困難。故選D項(xiàng)。

（5）推理判斷題。根據(jù)空后的Chooseadietyoucanstickwith.（選擇一種你可以堅(jiān)持的飲食。）可知，此處選擇的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與選擇飲食有關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)There'snomagicdietforwellnesswinners.（健康贏家沒有神奇的飲食。）中的diet與空后的內(nèi)容一致。故選C項(xiàng)。

本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了幾條通過減肥讓自己更健康的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。21~40.【答案】A、B、D、D、D、B、C、A、D、A、C、A、D、A、B、C、B、C、B、D【解析】（1）A．考查副詞及語境理解．A．separately"分別地

，各自地"；B．equally"同樣地，平等地"；C．violently

"猛烈地，激烈地"；D．naturally

"自然地"．句意：我們各自都在追逐同樣的事情．根據(jù)"like

everyone

else"

向每個其他人一樣，我們也每個人都在做．故選A．

（2）B．考查副詞及語境理解．A．off"遠(yuǎn)離的"；B．a(chǎn)part"分離的"；C．over

"在上面的"；D．out"外面的"．句意：有一年，在經(jīng)歷了一系列不愉快的事件，它完全崩潰了．根據(jù)下文"I

found

myself

homeless

and．"可知我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己孤獨(dú)，因此處說自己原來的夢想破碎了，崩潰了．故選B．

（3）D．考查動詞及語境理解．A．crossed"穿過"；B．left

"離開"；C．toured"旅行"；D．searched

"搜索"．句意：我在鄉(xiāng)村搜尋我可以租住的地方．根據(jù)下文"for

some

place

I

could

rent"

可知作者在鄉(xiāng)村尋找可以租住的地方．search…for…搜索某一范圍找某個東西．故選D．

（4）D．考查形容詞及語境理解．A．fullest"完全的，滿的"；B．largest"最大的"；C．fai