2024屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：概要寫作animal testing課件(共18張PPT)

第第頁2024屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：概要寫作animaltesting課件(共18張PPT)(共18張PPT)

AnimalTesting

第一段

Antibiotics,insulin,organtransplantation,HIVtreatmentsandheart-bypasssurgeries—itreadslikeanAtoZofmedicalprogress.Butthemajorprogresshassomethingincommon:theywerealldevelopedandtestedbyusinganimals.Actually,animalsareusedforresearchinavarietyofsettings.Whetherornothumansshoulduseanimalsfortestingpurposes,however,isacontroversialtopic.

1.主題句？

2.主題句能不能引領(lǐng)全文？

概要寫作要有一句話統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文！

3.類似的段落以前概要寫作遇到過嗎？

Everybodyhasdifferentopinionsaboutpunishingchildren.

1.Peopleholdvariousviewstowardspunishingchildren.(同義替換)

2.語料庫積累

Opinions/viewsonstharedivided.

Opinions/viewsonsthdifferamongpeople.

Opinions/viewsonsthvaryfrompersontoperson

Mixedopinions/viewsexiston...

得出：Opinionsonpunishingchildrenvaryfrompersontoperson.

類似2

概要寫作：PsychologicalExperimentsinAnimals

Despitethevalueofresearchwithanimalparticipants,theuseofanimalsinpsychologicalresearchishighlycontroversial.Forexample,somecriticsbelievethatanimalshaverightsnolesssignificantthanthoseofhumans,andthatbecauseanimalsareunabletoagreetoparticipationinstudies,theiruseisnotmoral.Othersobjecttotheuseofanimalsonmethodological(方法論的)grounds,sayingitisimpossibletogeneralizefromfindingonnonhumanspeciestohumans.

要點：Theuseofanimalsinpsychologicalexperimentshascausedalotofdiscussionanddisagreementinthepublic.

《考試說明》概要寫作

Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.

要點：

1.Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.

2.Peopleholddifferentviewstowardsdirtonourskin.

由以上三個例子可得本段要點可以表達為

Opinionsontheuseofanimalsintestingpurposesaredivided.

或

Whetheranimalsshouldbeusedfortestingpurposescausesalotofdiscussion.

或

Peopleholddifferentviewstowardstheuseofanimalsintestingpurposes.

類似的要點句還可以這樣改寫：

1.Itiscontroversialwhetheranimalsshouldbeusedfortestingpurposes.

2.Differentargumentsariseaboutwhetheranimalsshouldbeusedfortestingpurposes.

第二段

Animaltestingallowsresearcherstodevelopnewmedicineandtreatments,advancingthefieldofmedicineandimprovingthehealthofsociety.Forexample,manydrugsusedtotreatorpreventcancer,HIV,diabetes,etc,haveresultedfromtestsperformedonanimals.Manyadvocatorsofanimaltestingsupportthepracticeforthisreason,eveniftheydonotsupporttesting,cosmeticsorothernon-essentialsubstancesonanimals.Noonechoosestouseanimalswherethereinnoneed.Infact,animalresearchhascontributedto70percentofNobelprizesforphysiologyormedicine.

1.有沒有主題句？

2.主題句后面的Forexample需要概括嗎？

examplesanddetails大膽舍去！

由此可得本段要點

Animaltestingcausesthemedicaldevelopmentandtheimprovementofhuman'shealth.

所以要點句可以改寫為

1.Animaltestingcontributesagreatdealtothemedicaldevelopmentandtheimprovementofhuman'shealth.

2.Animaltestingisthecontributingfactorwhymedicinedevelopsandhuman'shealthimprovesalot.

3.Onaccountofanimaltesting,newmedicineisdevelopedandhuman'shealthconditionispromoted.

4.Animaltestingmakesitpossibletodevelopnewmedicineandpromotehuman'shealth.

第三段

Animaltestingalsoenablesscientistsandresearcherstotestthesafetyofmedicineandothersubstanceswithwhichhumanshaveregularcontact.Drugs,forexample,maycreatesignificantriskstohumans,sotestingthemonanimalsfirstgivesresearchersachancetodeterminetheirsafetybeforehumantrialsareperformed.Whilescientistsunderstandthedifferencesbetweenhumansandanimals,thesimilaritiesareconsideredsignificantenoughtoproducerelevantdatathattheycanthenapplytohumans.This,animaltestingreducesharmtohumansandsaveslives,notonlybecausetheexposuretoriskysubstancesisminimized,butbecausesomenewmedicineandtreatmentshavepositiveeffectsonhumans'overallqualityoflife.

1.開頭第一句是不是要點句？能不能概括整段內(nèi)容？

2.本段的要點句是哪一句？

3.最后一句話這么長，如何縮寫？

用介詞短語替換從句的形式，可以縮短句子。

由此可得要點句

Animaltestingreducesharmtohumansandsaveslivesbyminimizingtheexposuretoriskysubstancesandusingsomenewmedicine

改寫要點句

1.Animaltestinglessensharmtohumansandevensaveslivesbyreducingtheriskofusingmedicineandothersubstances.

2.Animaltestinglessensharmtohumansandevenprotectshuman'slivesbyloweringtheriskofusingmedicineandothersubstances.

3.Animaltestinglessensharmtohumansandevenprotectshuman'slivesbyriddingpeopleoftheriskofusingmedicineandothersubstances.

第四段

However,asignificantnumberofanimalsareharmedordieasaresultofexperimentsandtesting.Unfortunately,manyofthesubstancesusedonanimalsubjectsneverreceiveapprovalforhumanuseorconsumption.Thosewhoopposeanimaltestingconsiderthisaveryimportantpoint,becausesavinghumansfromsufferingisnoexcuseforthedeathoflaboratoryanimals.

1.有沒有要點句？

2.由neverreceiveapproval與oppose可知，另一要點元素為“opposeanimaltesting”

3.將以上要點元素整合成要點句。

由此可得要點句

Somepeopleopposeanimaltestingbecauseasignificantnumberofanimalsareharmedordieasaresultofexperimentsandtesting.

需要restate的語言有

oppose：

asignificantnumberof：

harmordie：

asaresultof：

oppose：復(fù)習(xí)觀點態(tài)度類語料庫

asignificantnumberof：

alargenumberof；alargequantityof；

agreatmany；anenormousnumberof

harmordie：

causeharmto;beharmfulto；

causedeath;

asaresultof：

becasueof;dueto;onaccountof;

asaconsequenceof

因此要點句可以改寫成

Somepeopleareagainstanimaltestingbecauseitcausesharmevendeathtoanenormousnumberofanimalsduetoexperimentsandtesting.

或

Somepeopleareopposedtoanimaltestingbecauseexperimentsandtestingcauseharmevendeathtoalargequantityofanimals.

文章結(jié)構(gòu)

第一段：Topicsen