2017年12月英語六級考試真題試卷附答案-第3套

2017年12月英語六級考試真題試卷附答案(完整版-第3套)2017年12月英語六級考試真題試卷附答案(完整版套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying"Helpothers,andyouwillbehelpedwhenyouareinneed."Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30 minutes )2套內容完說明：由于2017年12月六級考試全國共考了 22套內容完全一樣，只是順序不一樣，因此在本套真題中不再重復出現(xiàn)。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ManyEuropeancountrieshavebeenmakingtheshifttoelectricvehiclesandGermanyhasjuststatedthattheyplantobanthesaleofvehiclesusinggasolineanddieselasfuelby2030.Thecountryisalsoplanningtoreduceitscarbonfootprintby80-95%by2050,26ashifttogreenenergyinthecountry.Effectively,thebanwillincludetheregistrationofnewcarsinthecountryastheywillnotallowanygasoline27vehicletoberegisteredafter2030.Partofthereasonthisbanisbeingdiscussedand28isbecauseenergyofficialsseethattheywillnotreachtheiremissionsgoalsby2050iftheydonot29alargeportionofvehicleemissions.Thecountryisstill30thatitwillmeetitsemissionsgoals,likereducingemissionsby40%by2020,butthe31ofelectriccarsinthecountryhasnotoccurredasfastasejected.Othereffortstoincreasetheuseofelectricvehiclesincludeplanstobuildover1millionhybridandelectriccarbatterychangingstationsacrossthecountry.By2030,Germanyplansonhavingover6millionchargingstations32.AccordingtotheInternationalBusinessTimes,electriccarsalesareexpectedtoincreaseasVolkswagenisstillrecoveringfromitsemissionsscandal.Thereare33around155,000registeredhybridandelectricvehiclesonGermanroads,dwarfedbythe45milliongasolineanddieselcarsdrivingtherenow.Ascountriescontinuesettinggoalsofreducingemissions,greaterstepsneedtobetakentohavea34effectonthesurroundingenvironment.Whiletheeffortsarecertainlynot35,theresultsofsuchbanswilllikelyonlystarttobeseenbygenerationsdowntheline,betteringtheworldforthefuture.acceptaneeB)currentlyC)disruptingD)eliminateE)exhaustF)futileG)hopefulH)implementedI)incidentallyJ)installedK)noticeableL)poweredM)restorationN)skepticalO)sparkingSectionBDirections: Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Apple'sStaneeHighlightsaMoreConfrontationalTechIndustryThebattlebetweenAppleandlawenforcementofficialsoveruniockingaterrorist'ssmartphoneistheculminationofaslowturningofthetablesbetweenthetechnologyindustryandtheUnitedStatesgovernment.討好）討好）certaintechcompaniesandhackedintootherstogainaccesstoprivatedataonanenormousscale,techgiantsbegantorecognizetheUnitedStatesgovernmentasahostileactor.Butiftheconfrontationhascrystallizedinthislatestbattle,itmayalreadybeheadingtowardapredictableconclusion:Inthelongrun,thetechcompaniesaredestinedtoemergevictorious.Itmaynotseemthatwayatthemoment.Ontheoneside,youhavetheUnitedStatesgovernment'smightylegalandsecurityapparatusfightingfordataofthemostsympatheticsort:thesecretsburiedinadeadmassmurderer'sphone.TheactionsteinsfromafederalcourtorderissuedonTuesdayrequiringAppletohelptheFederalBureauofInvestigation(FBI)touniockaniPhoneusedbyoneofthetwoattackerswhokilled14peopleinSanBernardino,California,inDecember.Intheothercorneristheworld'smostvaluablecompany,whosechiefexecutive,TimothyCook,hassaidhewillappealthecourt'sorder.Applearguesthatitisfightingtopreserveaprinciplethatmostofuswhoareaddictedtooursmartphonescandefend:WeakenasingleiPhonesothatitscontentscanbeviewedbytheAmericangovernmentandyouriskweakeningalliPhonesforanygovernmentintruder,anywhere.Therewillprobablybemonthsoflegalconfrontation,anditisnotatallclearwhichsidewillprevailincourt,norinthebattleforpublicopinionandlegislativefavor.Yetunderlyingallofthisisasimpledynamic:Apple,Google,Facebookandothercompaniesholdmostofthecardsinthisconfrontation.Theyhaveourdata,andtheirbusinessesdependontheglobalpublic'scollectivebeliefthattheywilldoeverythingtheycantoprotectthatdata.Anycrackinthatfrontcouldbefatalfortechcompaniesthatmustoperateworldwide.IfAppleisforcedtoopenupaniPhoneforanAmericanlawenforcementinvestigation,whatistopreventitfromdoingsoforarequestfromtheRussiansortheIranians?IfAppleisforcedtowritecodethatletstheFBIgetintothePhone5cusedbySyedRizwanFarook,themaleattackerintheSanBernardinoattack,whowouldberesponsibleifsomehackergotholdofthatcodeandbrokeintoitsotherdevices?Apple'sstaneeontheseissuesemergedpost-Snowden,whenthecompanystartedputtinginplaceaseriesoftechnologiesthat,bydefault,makeuseofencryption（ 力口密）tolimitaccesstopeople'sdata.Morethanthat,Apple—and,indifferentways,othertechcompanies,includingGoogle,Facebook,TwitterandMicrosoft —havemadetheiroppositiontothegovernment'sclaimsapointofcorporatepride.Apple'semergingglobalbrandisprivacy;ithasstakeditscorporatereputation,nottomentiontheinvestmentofconsiderabletechnicalandfinancialresources,onlimitingthesortofmasssurveillancethatwasuncoveredbyMr.Snowden.Sonow,formanycasesinvolvinggovernmentalintrusionsintodata,once-lonelyprivacyadvocatesfindthemselvesfightingalongsidethemostpowerfulcompanyintheworld."Acomparisonpointisinthe1990sbattlesoverencryption,"saidKurtOpsahl,generalcounseloftheElectronicFrontierFoundation,aprivacywatchdoggroup."Thenyouhadafewcompaniesinvolved,butnotoneofthelargestcompaniesintheworldcomingoutwithalengthyandimpassionedpost,likewesawyesterdayfromTimothyCook.Itsproreallybeenraised."Appleandoiliertechcompaniesholdanotherace:thetechnicalmeanstokeepmakingtheirdevicesmoreandmoreinaccessible.NotethatApple'spublicoppositiontothegovernment'srequestisitselfahindrancetomassgovernmentintrusion.AndtogetatthecontentsofasingleiPhone,thegovernmentsaysitneedsacourtorderandApple'shelptowritenewcode;inearlierversionsoftheiPhone,onesthatwerecreatedbeforeApplefoundreligionon（熱衷于）privacy,theFBImighthavebeenabletobreakintothedevicebyitself.Youcanexpectthatnoose（ 束縛）tocontinuetotighten.ExpertssaidthatwhetherornotApplelosesthisspecificcase,measuresthatitcouldputintoplaceinthefuturewillalmostcertainlybeabletofurtherlimitthegovernment'sreach.ThatisnottosaythattheoutcomeoftheSanBernardinocaseisinsignificant.Asappleandseveralsecurityexpertshaveargued,anordercompellingAppletowritesoftwarethatgivestheFBIaccesstotheiPhoneinquestionwouldestablishanunsettlingprecedent.TheorderessentiallyasksAppletohackitsowndevices,andonceitisinplace,theprecedentcouldbeusedtojustifylawenforcementeffortstogetaroundencryptiontechnologiesinotherinvestigationsfarremovedfromnationalsecuritythreats.OnceaimedwithamethodforgainingaccesstoiPhones,thegovernmentcouldasktouseitproactively（ 先發(fā)制人地）,beforeasuspectedterroristattack—leavingAppleinabindastowhethertocomplyorriskanattackandsufferapublic-relationsnightmare."Thisisabrandnewmoveinthewaragainstencryption,"Mr.Opsahlsaid."WehavehadplentyofdebatesinCongressandthemediaoverwhetherthegovernmentshouldhaveabackdoor,andthisisanendrun（ 迂回戰(zhàn)術）aroundthat—heretheycomewithanordertocreatethatbackdoor."YetitisworthnotingthatevenifAppleultimatelylosesthiscase,ithasplentyoftechnicalmeanstocloseabackdoorovertime."Iftheyareanywherenearworththeirsaltasengineers,Ibettheyarerethinkingtheirthreatmodelaswespeak,"saidJonathanZdziarski,adigitalexpertwhostudiestheiPhoneanditsvulnerabilities.Onerelativelysimplefix,Mr.Zdziarskisaid,wouldbeforAppletomodifyfutureversionsoftheiPhonetorequireausertoenterapasscodebeforethephonewillacceptthesortofmodifiedoperatingsystemthattheFBIwantsAppletocreate.Thatway,ApplecouldnotunlaterallyintroduceacodethatweakenstheiPhone —auserwouldhavetoconsenttoit."Nothingis100percenthacker-proof,"Mr.Zdziarskisaid,buthepointedoutthatthejudge'sorderinthiscaserequiredAppletoprovide"reasonablesecurityassistanee"touniockMr.Farook'sphone.IfApplealtersthesecuritymodeloffutureiPhonessothatevenitsownengineers'"reasonableassistanee"willnotbeabletocrackagivendevicewhencompelledbythegovernment,aprecedentsetinthiscasemightloseitslastingforce.Inotherwords,eveniftheFBIwinsthiscase,inthelongrun,itloses.Itisapopularbeliefthattechcompaniesarecommittedtoprotectingtheircustomers'privatedata.TheUSgovernmentbelievesthatitsaccesstopeople'siPhonescouldbeusedtopreventterroristattacks.AfederalcourtaskedAppletohelptheFBIaccessdatainaterrorist'siPhone.PrivacyadvocatesnowhaveApplefightingalongsidethemagainstgovernmentaccesstopersonaldata.SnowdenrevealedthattheAmericangovernmenthadtriedhardtoaccessprivatedataonamassivescale.TheFBImighthavebeenabletoaccessprivatedatainearlieriPhoneswithoutApple'shelp.AftertheSnowdenincident,Applemadeclearitspositiontocountergovernmentintrusionintopersonaldatabymeansofencryption.Accordingtoonedigitalexpert,noiPhonecanbeentirelyfreefromhacking.TimothyCook'slongwebposthashelpedenhanceApple'simage.Apple'sCEOhasdecidedtoappealthefederalcourt'sordertouniockauser'siPhone.SectionCDirections: Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AtthebaseofamountaininTanzania'sGregoryRift,LakeNatronburnsbrightred,surroundedbytheremainsofanimalsthatwereunfortunateenoughtofallintothesaltywater.Bats,swallowsandmorearechemicallypreservedintheposeinwhichtheyperished,sealedinthedepositsofsodiumcarbonateinthewater.Thelake'sIandscapeisbizarreanddeadlyandmadeevenmoresobythefactthatit'stheplacewherenearly75percentoftheworld'sflamingos（ 火烈鳥）areborn.Thewaterissocorrosivethatitcanburntheskinandeyesofunadaptedanimals.Flamingos,however,aretheonlyspeciesthatactuallymakeslifeinthemidstofallthatdeath.Onceeverythreeorfouryears,whenconditionsareright,thelakeiscoveredwiththepinkbirdsastheystopflighttobreed.Three-quartersoftheworld'sflamingosflyoverfromothersaltlakesintheRiftValleyandnestonsalt-crystalislandsthatappearwhenthewaterisataspecificlevel—toohighandthebirdscan'tbuildtheirnests,toolowandpredatorscanmovebrisklyacrossthelakebedandattack.Whenthewaterhitstherightlevel,thebabybirdsarekeptsafefrompredatorsbyacorrosiveditch."Flamingoshaveevolvedveryleatheryskinontheirlegssotheycantoleratethesaltwater,"saysDavidHarper,aprofessorattheUniversityofLeicester."Humanscannot,andwoulddieiftheirlegswereexposedforanylengthoftime."Sofarthisyear,waterlevelshavebeentoohighfortheflamingostonest.Somefish,too,havehadlimitedsuccessvacationingatthelakeaslesssaltylagoons（瀉湖）formontheouteredgesfromhotspringsflowingintoLakeNatron.Threespeciesoftilapia（ 羅非魚）thrivetherepart-time."Fishhavearefugeinthestreamsandcanexpandintothelagoonswhenthelakeislowandthelagoonsareseparate,"Harpersaid."Allthelagoonsjoinwhenthelakeishighandfishmustretreattotheirstreamrefugesordie."Otherwise,nofishareabletosurviveinthenaturallytoxiclake.Thisuniqueecosystemmaysoonbeunderpressure.TheTanzaniangovernmenthasonceagainstartedminingthelakeforsodaash,usedformakingchemicals,glassanddetergents.Althoughtheplannedoperationwillbelocatedmorethan40milesaway,drawingthesodaashinthroughpipelines,conservationistsworryitcouldstillupsetthenaturalwatercycleandbreedinggrounds.Fornow,though,lifeprevails —eveninalakethatkillsalmosteverythingittouches.WhatcanwelearnaboutLakeNatron?Itissimplyuninhabitableformostanimals.Itremainslittleknowntotheoutsideworld.Itisabreedinggroundforavarietyofbirds.Itmakesanidealhabitatforlotsofpredators.Flamingosnestonlywhenthelakewaterisataspecificlevelsothattheirbabiescan.findsafesheltermoreeasilygrowthickfeathersontheirfeetstayawayfrompredatorsgetaccustomedtothesaltywaterFlamingosintheRiftValleyareuniqueinthat.theycanmoveswiftlyacrosslagoonstheycansurvivewellinsaltywatertheybreednaturallyincorrosiveditchestheyknowwhereandwhentonestWhycancertainspeciesoftilapiasometimessurvivearoundLakeNatron?Theycantakerefugeinthelesssaltywaters.Theycanfleequickenoughfrompredators.Theycanmovefreelyfromlagoontolagoon.Theycanstandtheheatofthespringwater.WhatmaybetheconsequeneeofTanzaniangovernment'splannedoperation?Theacceleratedextinctionofflamingos.Thechangeofflamingos'migrationroute.TheoverminingofLakeNatron'ssodaash.ThedisruptionofLakeNatron'secosystem.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itistheseasonforsomefranticlast-minutemath —acrossthecountry,employeesofallstripesarecountingbackwardinanattempttofigureoutjusthowmuchpaidtime-offtheyhaveleftintheirreserves.Moreofthem,though,willskipthosecalculationsaltogetherandjustpowerthroughtheholidaysinto2017:MorethanhalfofAmericanworkersdon'tuseupalloftheirallottedvacationdayseachyear.Notsolongago,peoplewouldhaveturneduptheirnosesatthatkindofdedicationtothejob.AsmarketingprofessorsSilviaBellezza,NeeruPaharia,andAnatKeinanrecentlyexplainedinHarvardBusinessReview(HBR),leisuretimewasonceseenasanindicatorofhighsocialstatus,somethingattainableonlyforthoseatthetop.Sincethemiddleofthe20thcentury,though,thingshaveturnedtheoppositeway —thesedays,punishinghoursatyourdesk,ratherthandaysoff,areseenasthemarkofsomeoneimportant.Inaseriesofseveralexperiments,theresearchersillustratedjusthowmuchwe'vecometoadmirebusyness,oratleasttheappearaneeofit.Volunteersreadtwopassages,oneaboutamanwholedalifeofleisureandanotheraboutamanwhowasover-workedandover-scheduled;whenaskedtodeterminewhichofthetwohadahighersocialstatus,themajorityoftheparticipantssaidthelatter.Thesameheldtrueforpeoplewhousedproductsthatimpliedtheywereshortontime:Inoneexperiment,forexample,customersofthegrocery-deliveryservicePeapodwereseenasofhigherstatusthanpeoplewhoshoppedatgrocerystoresthatwereequallyexpensive;inanother,peoplewearingwirelessheadphoneswereconsideredfurtheruponthesocialladderthanthosewearingregularheadphones,evenwhenbothwerejustusedtolistentomusic.Inpart,theauthorswroteinHBR,thispatternmayhavetodowiththewayworkitselfhaschangedoverthepastseveraldecades.Wethinkthattheshiftfromleisure-as-statustobusyness-as-statusmaybelinkedtothedevelopmentofknowledge-intensiveeconomics.Insucheconomies,individualswhopossessthehumancapitalcharacteristicsthatemployersorclientsvalue(e.g.,competeneeandambition)areexpectedtobeinhighdemandandshortsupplyonthejobmarket.Thus,bytellingothersthatwearebusyandworkingallthetime,weareimplicitlysuggestingthatwearesoughtafter,whichenhancesourperceivedstatus.Evenifyoufeeltemptedtosacrificeyourownvacationdaysforfakebusyness,though,atleastconsiderleavingyourweekendsunscheduled.It'sforyourowngood.Whatdomostemployeesplantodotowardstheendoftheyear?Goforavacation.Keeponworking.Setanobjectivefornextyear.Reviewtheyear'sachievements.Howwouldpeopleviewdedicationtoworkinthepast?Theywouldregarditasamatterofcourse.Theywouldconsideritamustforsuccess.Theywouldlookuponitwithcontempt.Theywoulddeemitatrickofbusinessmen.Whatdidtheresearchersfindthroughaseriesofexperiments?Thebusieroneappears,themorerespectoneearns.Themoreoneworks,themoreonefeelsexploited.Themoreknowledgeonehas,themorecompetentonewillbe.Thehigherone'sstatus,themorevacationtimeonewillenjoy.Whatmayaccountforthechangeofpeople'sattitudetowardsbeing

busy?Thefastpaceoflifeinmodernsociety.Thefiercecompetitioninthejobmarket.Thewidespreaduseofcomputertechnology.Theroleofknowledgeinmoderneconomy.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodoattheendofthepassage?Scheduleourtimeproperlyforefficiency.Planourweekendsinameaningfulway.Findtimetorelaxhoweverbusyweare.Avoidappearingbusywhenwearenot.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions: Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.湖的北洞庭湖位于湖南省東北部，面積很大，但湖水很淺。洞庭湖是長江的蓄洪池，湖的大小很大程度上取決于季節(jié)變化。湖北和湖南兩省因其與湖的相對位