CATTI三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)練習(xí)題國(guó)際沖突與發(fā)展

2019年CATTI三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)練習(xí)題：國(guó)際沖突與發(fā)展?jié)h譯英南北沖突世界上的富裕國(guó)家?guī)缀鯚o(wú)一例外都在北半球，而貧窮國(guó)家都在富裕國(guó)家的南面，南北沖突一詞由此得名。一般而言，北方國(guó)家主要包括美國(guó)、加拿大、除阿爾巴尼亞之外的歐洲各國(guó)、以色列、俄羅斯及從蘇聯(lián)獨(dú)立出來(lái)的其它共和國(guó) （雖然對(duì)這一點(diǎn)仍存在爭(zhēng)議）、日本、南非、澳大利亞和新西蘭。剩下的 110多個(gè)國(guó)家都屬于南方國(guó)家。對(duì)南方國(guó)家的稱謂很多第三世界、發(fā)展中世界、欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家等只是其中幾個(gè)?？傮w說(shuō)來(lái)，南方國(guó)家有兩個(gè)共同的特征：它們都曾經(jīng)有過(guò)淪為歐洲列強(qiáng)殖民地的歷史，而且都很貧窮。盡管獲得了獨(dú)立，很多發(fā)展中國(guó)家失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)、政治上卻仍然依附于原來(lái)的殖民者。在殖民統(tǒng)治時(shí)期建立起來(lái)的貿(mào)易關(guān)系和投資方式并沒(méi)有因?yàn)檎沃鳈?quán)的獲得而終結(jié)。 在發(fā)展中國(guó)家看來(lái)，這種經(jīng)濟(jì)上的依附將不可避免地導(dǎo)致它們?cè)谡紊系牡吐曄職?。因此，即使發(fā)展中國(guó)家嘗試去建立自己的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，卻很難實(shí)現(xiàn)。前殖民宗主國(guó)和殖民地之間的這種關(guān)系被稱為新殖民主義。雖然對(duì)新殖民主義的理解隨具體情況的變化和不同地區(qū)而有所不同，但所有南方國(guó)家的目標(biāo)都是一致的， 那就是脫離這種新殖民主義關(guān)系。發(fā)展中國(guó)家這種擺脫政治經(jīng)濟(jì)依附地位的愿望，在某種程度上也解釋了它們對(duì)西方國(guó)家以及諸如世界銀行、 跨國(guó)公司一類的西方機(jī)構(gòu)所懷有的敵意。世界銀行堅(jiān)持要各國(guó)向它提供所有的財(cái)政金融數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)此極為不滿。由于一國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的強(qiáng)弱常常與該國(guó)政治實(shí)力的強(qiáng)弱緊密相連， 因此，盡管西方政府與非政府組織一再聲稱獲得投資機(jī)會(huì)并不意味著該國(guó)必須在政治上讓步，但是欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的政府通常對(duì)此表示懷疑。于是，南方國(guó)家在尋求政治-經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立時(shí)就陷入了兩難的境地。一方面，要想獲得政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的完全獨(dú)立，發(fā)展中國(guó)家就必須增強(qiáng)自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立。然而另一方面，在大多數(shù)情況下，要想達(dá)到這個(gè)目的，發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)外來(lái)資金和技術(shù)的依賴程度就會(huì)進(jìn)一步增加，而這種依賴對(duì)很多發(fā)展中國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)又意味著政治上的繼續(xù)依附?？偠灾?，發(fā)展中國(guó)家認(rèn)為它們的貧窮處境和依附地位是由過(guò)去所受的殖民剝削以及現(xiàn)在在國(guó)際貿(mào)易、 定價(jià)和交易機(jī)制方面的不平等所造成的。因此，南方國(guó)家既要尋求北方國(guó)家更多的援助，又要尋求對(duì)現(xiàn)有國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的重組。一句話，南方國(guó)家希望能夠建立新的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。參考譯文TheNorth-SouthConflictTheNorth-Southconflictderivesitsnamefromthesimplefactthat,almostwithoutexception,thewealthynationsoftheworldareintheNorthernHemisphereandthepoorernationslietotheirsouth.Generallyspeaking,theNorthconsistsoftheUnitedStates,Canada,EuropeexcludingAlbania,Israel,RussiaandtheothernewlyindependentformerSovietrepublics(althoughthisisamatterofdebate),Japan,SouthAfrica,Australia,andNewZealand.Theremainingstatesoftheworld,numberingover110,aretheSouth.TheSouthhasbeenandisdescribedbymanyterms-theThirdWorld,theDevelopingWorld,andtheLessDevelopedCountries(LDCs),tonamejustafew.AgainspeakingingeneraltermsthecountriesoftheSouthsharetwoattributes:theyhavehadacolonialpast,dominatedbyEuropeanpowersandtheyarepoor.Despiteobtainingformalindependence,manyDevelopingWorldstateshavediscoveredtotheirchagrinthattheyremaineconomicallyandpoliticallydependentontheirformercolonialmasters.Tradetiesandinvestmentpatternsestablishedduringdecadesofcolonialrulewererarelyterminatedbytheattainmentofpoliticalsovereignty.FromtheviewpointofDevelopingWorldcountries,thiseconomicdependencecarriedwithitunavoidablepoliticalsubservienee.Thus,eventhoughaDevelopingWorldstatemayhavesoughttoestablishitsownpolitical-economicindependence,itcouldnot.Sucharelationshipbetweenformercolonialmetropolisesandtheirformercoloniesistermedneocolonialism.Althoughinterpretationsofneocolonialismdifferonacase-by-caseandregion-by-regionbasis,aunifyingthrustoftheSouthistoescapethisneocolonialrelationship,Inpart,theDevelopingWorld 'stoescapepolitical-economicdependencyexplainsitshostilitytowardboththeWestandWesterninstitutionssuchastheWorldBankandmultinationalcorporations.DevelopingstatesoftenresenttheWorldBank'insisteneethattheyprovidefulldisclosureoffinancialdata,andhavinghadnumerousoccasionstowitnessthelinkagebetweeneconomicstrength andpoliticalpower,governmentsofthelessdevelopedstatesoftenwereskepticaloftheclaimpromulgatedbyWesternstateactorsandnon-stateactorsalikethatnopoliticalconcessionswouldbesoughtifinvestmentopportunitieswereawarded.TheSouth,then,wasonthehomsofadilemmaasitsoughttoachievepolitical-economicindependence.FullpoliticalandeconomicindependencecouldbeachievedonlyifDevelopingWorldstatescouldstrengthentheireconomicautonomy.Inmostcases,however,thatrequiredincreasedrelianeeonexternalsourcesoffinanceandexpertise.TomanyDevelopingWorldcountries,suchexternaleconomicrelianeeimpliedcontinuedpoliticaldependence.Aboveallelse,DevelopingWorldcountiesseetheirplightofpovertyanddependenceastheresultofpastcolonialexploitationandcurrenteconomicinequitiesininternationaltrade,pricing,andexchangemechanisms.Asaresult,theSouthseeksbothexpandedaidfromtheNorthandarestructuringoftheexistinginternationaleconomicorder.Inshort,theSouthdesiresaNewInternationalEconomicOrder(NIEO).漢譯英發(fā)展中歐關(guān)系符合雙方利益第六屆中國(guó)-歐盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)于星期四在北京舉行會(huì)， 會(huì)議表明中國(guó)和歐盟之間的關(guān)系正在健康地發(fā)展。此次會(huì)晤是今年年初新一屆中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人執(zhí)政以來(lái)雙方的首次會(huì)面，也是繼中國(guó)于 10月13日首次發(fā)表與歐盟關(guān)系文件和歐盟于 9月10日批準(zhǔn)與中國(guó)關(guān)系新戰(zhàn)略之后，雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的首次峰會(huì)。會(huì)后，雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人承諾要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)合作，并簽署了三份協(xié)議，以開辟新的合作領(lǐng)域。協(xié)議包括伽利略衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航合作協(xié)定以及中歐旅游目的地國(guó)地位諒解備忘錄。為了進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)雙邊關(guān)系，溫家寶總理提出四點(diǎn)建議：一、保持高層交往勢(shì)頭；二、深化經(jīng)貿(mào)舍作；三、建立有效的合作機(jī)制；四、消除影響中歐關(guān)系健康發(fā)展的障礙。這表明中國(guó)非常重視與歐盟在新世紀(jì)全面發(fā)展合作關(guān)系。這種關(guān)系不僅有助于雙方的共同繁榮， 有助于地區(qū)及世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)，而且還能通過(guò)推進(jìn)多邊化進(jìn)程促進(jìn)世界和平與穩(wěn)定。從1995年首次確定中歐關(guān)系長(zhǎng)期政策開始， 歐盟通過(guò)了一系列對(duì)華政策文件。如 1998年通過(guò)的與中國(guó)建立全面伙伴關(guān)系，2001年通過(guò)的歐盟對(duì)華戰(zhàn)略-1998年文件實(shí)施情況及進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)歐盟政策的措施以及今年通過(guò)的一個(gè)走向成熟的伙伴關(guān)系中歐關(guān)系中的共同利益和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。 這些對(duì)華政策都為中國(guó)與歐盟將來(lái)的長(zhǎng)期合作打下了基礎(chǔ)。而中國(guó)上個(gè)月發(fā)表的首份與歐盟關(guān)系全面政策文件也為進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)雙邊關(guān)系做出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)?？傊?，尋求共同發(fā)展并以務(wù)實(shí)的態(tài)度對(duì)待雙方的分歧是符合中國(guó)與歐盟的共同利益的。參考譯文China-EULinksProvideMutualBenefitThesixthChina-EuropeanUnion(EU)SummitheldonThursdayinBeijingindicatestherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheEUisdevelopinghealthily.Thisisthefirstleaders 'meetingbetChinaandtheEUsinceChina'snewleadershiptookofficeinMarch.ItisalsothefirstsummitbetweenthetwosidessinceChinapublishedforthefirsttimeitsEUpolicypaperonOctober13andtheEuropeanUnionapprovedanewstrategyforitspartnershipwithChinaonSeptember10.Afterthemeeting,leadersfromthetwosidesvowedtoboostcooperationandsignedthreeagreementswhichopenupnewhorizonsforcollaboration,includinganagreementonGalileosatellitenavigation cooperation andamemorandumofunderstandingontheEUbecominganapprovedtouristdestinationtotheChinese.Tofurtherbilateralties,PremierWenJiabaoputforwardafour-pointproposal:tokeepfrequentexchangesofhigh-levelvisits;todeepentradeandeconomiccooperation;tosetupaneffectivecooperationmechanism;andtoeliminatebarriershinderingthehealthygrowthoftheChina-EUrelations.ThisdemonstratesChinaattachesgreatimportaneetothedevelopmentoftheircomprehensivepartnershipinthenewcentury,whichwillcontributenotonlytomutualprosperityandthegrowthofregionalandworldeconomy,butalsotopeaceandstabilitybypromotingtheprocessofmulti-lateralization.FollowingitsfirstIong-termstrategyfortheEU-Chinarelationsinthe1995,theEUpublisheda