中石油(華東)2023年秋季學期《大學英語4》期末考試試卷及答案

2014年秋季學期期末考試考試科目：大學英語4考試形式：閉卷 留意事項：11-45V、VI2、學號填涂必需正確，十一位數(shù)字缺一不行，且所涂數(shù)字必需與填寫的學號中的數(shù)字一樣。3、填涂樣例 ，假設(shè)為“●“◎“／”等不合規(guī)定的涂法，讀卡機將無法識別。4、答題卡上所涂內(nèi)容一律使用2B鉛筆，不得使用其它型號的鉛筆、鋼筆等非2B鉛筆。5、答題時，請按答題序號將你認為正確的選項涂黑；假設(shè)需改動，肯定要用橡皮擦干凈。6、答題卡不能折疊。PartIReadingComprehension(30minutes,30points)Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Japanesearebecomingunhappieratwork,thegovernmentsaidinareportyesterday,highlightingcomplaintsoverpay,lackofvacationsandadeclineinmorale.Longknownforbeingworkaholicswillingtosacrificetheirpersonallivesforthecompany,Japaneseworkers,especiallyyoungerones,arenowplacingmorepriorityontimewiththeirfamiliesandfinancialrewards.Thepercentageofworkerssatisfiedwiththepaceoftheirpayincreasesfellto6.2percentin2005from15.7percentin1990,thegovernment”slaborwhitepapersaid.“Workersseemtowantmorepersonaltimeandincreasinglywanttofulfilltheiremotionalneedsratherthanmaterialisticneeds,“ahealthministryofficialsaid.ThefindingsareareminderofthechallengescompaniesfacenowinhiringnewtalentsasJapan”spopulationagesanditsworkforceshrinks,someeconomistssaid.“Itusedtobethatcompaniescouldlurenewtalentwithhighsalaries,“saidSaoriTsuiki,aneconomistatMitsubishiResearchInstitute.“Butworkersnowwantsomethingmore,andthishasbeenabigheadacheforcorporatestrategies,“shesaid.“Youngworkershaveinrecentyearsfavoredcarefreelifestyles,hoppingfromonepart-timejobtoanother,orquittingfull-timejobsafterjustafewyears,“Tsuikisaid.AnalystshavesaidthetrendwilldoharmtoJapan”slabormarketinthelongtermbecauseitwouldleadtoashortageofskilledworkers.Olderworkerswereswitchingjobsbecausetheyfailedtogetalongwithcolleaguesorwereunhappywithhowtheywerebeingevaluatedatcompaniesusingperformance-basedmanagement,thewhitepapersaid.UnderJapan”straditionallifetimeemploymentsystem,employeeswereguaranteedpromotionsandpayincreasesastheygrewolder,regardlessofperformance.“Foraneffectiveperformance-basedsystem,effortsareneededtoimprovetheimplementationofthewagesystem,suchasmakingclearthebasisforevaluationandprovidingdetailedexplanationsfortheassessments,“thewhitepapersaid.WhydoJapaneseworkersbecomeunhappyatwork?ATheyareunderpaid. B.Theyhavetodomuchmoreworkthantheyusedto.C.Mostofthemareunemployed. D.Theyarenotsatisfiedwiththeiremployers.WhatarethenewchallengesthatJapanesecompaniesfacewhenhiringtalents?BHighsalaries. B.Agingpopulation.C.Alargeworkforce. D.Poor-educatedemployees.Whatisthetrendthattheyoungworkersfollowinrecentyears?Theysticktothesamejoballtheirlife. B.Theychangejobsfrequently.C.Theyonlytakepart-timejobs. D.Theytakebothpart-timejobandfull-timejob.Theolderworkerschangetheirjobsbecause .theyaretiredoftheircurrentprofession B.theyarenotpromotedC.theyareunderpaid D.theycan’tgetalongwiththeircolleaguesUndertheperformance-basedmanagement,whichoftheflowingstatementsisnottrue?Theimplementationofthewagesystemshouldbeimproved.Thebasisforevaluationshouldbemadeclear.Employeesareguaranteedpromotionsandpayincreasesregardlessofperformance.Detailedexplanationsfortheassessmentsshouldbeprovided.Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Doyoufinditverydifficultandpainfultogetupinthemorning?Thismightbecalledlaziness,butMr.Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.Hehasprovedthateveryonehasadailyenergycycle.Duringthehourswhenyourlaborthroughyourworkyoumaysaythatyou’re“hot”.That’strue.Thetimeofdaywhenyoufeelmostenergeticiswhenyourcycleofbodytemperatureisatitspeak.Forsomepeoplethepeakcomesduringtheforenoon.Forothersitcomesintheafternoonorevening.Noonehasdiscoveredwhythisisso,butitleadstosuchfamiliarmonologuesas:“Getup,Peter!You’llbelateforworkagain!”ThepossibleexplanationtothetroubleisthatPeterisathistemperature-and-energypeakintheevening.Muchfamilyquarrellingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas.Youcan’tchangeyourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomakeyourlifefitifbetterhabitcanhelp.Dr.Kleitmanbelieves.Maybeyou’resleepyintheeveningbutfeelyoumuststayuplateanyway.Counteractyourcycletosomeextentbyhabituallystayinguplaterthanyouwantto.Ifyourenergyislowinthemorning,butyouhaveanimportantthingtodoearlyintheday,risebeforeyourusualhour.Thiswon’tchangeyourcycle,butyou’llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint.Getofftoaslowstartwhichsavesyourenergy.Getupwithaleisurelyyawnandstretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminutebeforeputtingyourfeetonthefloor.Avoidthetroublesomesearchforcleanclothesbylayingthemoutthenightbefore.Wheneverpossible,doroutineworkintheafternoonandsaverequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours.Ifapersonfindsgettingupearlyaproblem,mostprobably .heisalazypersonherefusestofollowhisownenergycycleheisnotsurewhenhisenergyislowheisathispeakintheafternoonoreveningWhichofthefollowingmayleadtofamilyquarrelsaccordingtothepassage?Unawarenessofenergycycles.Familiarmonologues.Achangeinafamilymember’senergycycle.Attemptstocontroltheenergycycleofotherfamilymembers.Ifonewantstoworkefficientlyathislowpointintheevening,heshould .changehisenergycycle B.overcomehislazinessC.getupearlierthanusual D.gotobedearlierYouareadvisedtorisewithayawnandstretchbecauseitwill .helptokeepyourenergyfortheday’sworkhelpyoutocontrolyourtemperearlyinthedayenableyoutoconcentrateonyourroutineworkkeepyourenergycycleundercontrolalldayWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?Gettingofftoworkwithaminimumefforthelpssaveone’senergy.Dr.Kleitmanexplainswhypeoplereachtheirpeaksatdifferenthoursofday.Habithelpsapersonadapttohisownenergycycle.Childrenhaveenergycycles,too.Passage3Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator“.InmyfridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplus〔剩余的〕breadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearson,fooddeliverieshaveceased;freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing—marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.Consequently,mostoftheworld”sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumaway〔不斷地嗡嗡作響〕continuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintainanartificially-cooledspaceinsideandartificially-heatedhousewhileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.Thefridge”seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon”tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabint 櫥柜〕andturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.myfridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Para.2)suggestthat .theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfiftiestheauthorwasnotaccustomedtousingfridgeseveninhisfiftiestherewasnofridgeintheauthor”shomeinthe1950sthefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950sWhydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimesaweek.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?Inventors. B.Consumers. C.Manufacturers. Travelingsalesmen〔巡回推銷員〕.WhichofthefollowingphrasesinPara.5indicatesthefridge”snegativeeffectontheenvironment?“Humawaycontinuously“. B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary“.C.“Artificially-cooledspace“. D.“Withmildtemperatures“.Whatistheauthor”soverallattitudetowardfridges?Neutral. B.Critical. C.Objective. Compromising.PartIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes,20points)Thereasonwe”resolateis .forthecarbreaksdown B.duetothecarbreakingdownC.thatthecarbrokedown D.becausethecarbrokedownTheteacher’slectureonAmericanhistorywasthreehourslong,andMaryfeltvery .upset B.bored C.disturbed neglectedWordhascome someguestsfromCanadawillvisitourschool.what B.that C.whetherD.whenHermindwasso bythediseasethatshecouldnotrememberwhatshehaddone.acted B.influenced C.effected D.affectedMaryistheonlyoneoftheteammembers tobetransferred.whoisgoing B.whoaregoingC.whohavebeengoing D.whohasbeengoingLiteratureandarthaveagreatinfluence people’sideology.to B.on C.for D.ontoEveryboyandgirl nottoswiminthelake,foritispolluted.hasbeenwarned B.havebeenwarnedC.haswarned D.havewarnedThereissuchalotofnoiseontheworksiteeverydaythattheresidentsnearbyfindithardto .putout B.putoff C.putupwithD.putup theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSaturday.Inspiteof B.Butfor C.Becauseof D.AsforYoushouldcarefullythinkover themanagersaidatthemeeting.that B.which C.whatD.whosePeopleallovertheworldmade donationsforthedisasterareaaftertheearthquakehappenedinWenchuan,SichuanProvince.modest B.minimum C.generous genuineLastweekIwrotetothehoteltobookaroom,butthey yet.didn”tanswer B.wasn”tansweringC.hadn”tanswered D.haven”tansweredIt”salready5o”clocknow.Don”tyouthinkit”sabouttime ?wearegoinghome B.wegohomeC.wewenthome D.wecangohomeEverydaywestudentsshould enoughtimeforstudy.setup B.setoff C.setinD.setasideThedoctortriedtodoanexperimenttofindoutthe ofthemedicineonthemice.cause B.result C.reasonD.effect ,heslippedthroughthewindow.Withanyonenoticing B.WithanyonenoticedC.Withoutanyonenoticing D.WithoutnobodynoticedEveryoneisbusy theexaminationintheclassroom.with B.for C.onD.underThesecretaryandtreasurerofourcompany themeeting.weretoattend B.aretoattend C.isattendD.istoattendIsupposeyoucouldn’tletmeborrowyourcarthisevening, ?couldn’tI B.don’tI C.couldyouD.willyouThemorehetriedtohelpher, sheseemedtoappreciateit.less B.theless C.theleastD.thelesserPartIIICloze(10minutes,10points)Haveyoueverheardtheoldsaying,“Neverjudgeabookbyitscover”?Thisisagoodruleto36whentryingjudgetheintelligenceofothers.Somepeoplehavemindsthatshineonlyincertainsituations.Ayoungmanwithanunusual37increativewritingmayfindhimselfspeechlessinthepresenceofaprettygirl.Hesearchesawkwardlyforwordsanddoesnottalksmoothly.Butdon’tmakethemistakeofthinkinghimstupid.38 apenandpaper,hecanexpresshimselfverywell.Otherpeoplemayfoolyouintooverestimatingtheirintelligenceby39agoodappearance.Astudentwholistensattentivelyandtakesnotesinclassboundtomakeafavorableimpressiononhisteachers.Butwhenit40toexams,hemayscorenearthebottomoftheclass.The41ideaisthatyoucan’tjudgesomeonebyappearance.Theonlywaytodetermineaperson’sintelligenceistogettoknowhim.Thenyoucanobserve42hereactstodifferentsituations.The43situationsyouobserve,themoreaccurateyourjudgmentis44tobe.So45 .Don’tjudgethebookbyitscover.A.follow B.obey C.watchD.observeA.present B.hand C.penD.giftA.From B.With C.InD.ByA.puttingupwith B.puttingonputtingoffA.turnsto B.comestoleadstoA.mere B.majorD.topicA.how B.whatD.whateverA.most B.moreD.manyA.likely B.properlynecessarilyA.countonyourtimeC.fallbehindyourtime

C.puttingup D.C.getsto D.C.mainC.howeverC.muchC.fortunately D.B.aheadofyourtimeD.takeyourtimePartIVTranslation(10minutes,20points)我真不知道到底是什么事讓他如此生氣。我們制訂的打算由于多種緣由不能付諸實施。盡管這位教授具體地講解了這一點，但很多學生仍舊不理解。我們認為他是這次演講競賽中最精彩的參賽者之一。應(yīng)當實行適當?shù)拇胧┍Ｗo當?shù)氐沫h(huán)境和歷史。PartVWriting(20minutes,20points)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsfollowingtheoutline