美國歷史英語演講

HistoryoftheUnitedStates

From1607tocivilwarChapterIColonizationofNorthAmerica1.TheIndians

2.Theearlyexploration

3.TheFoundingofthethirteencoloniesTheIndiansBeforeChristopherColumbusdiscoverthenewworld.TherelivedagroupofpeoplewhichColumbusmistookforthepeopleofIndia.Thosepeople,whohadcrossedfromAsiasome2000yearsearlierleftabeautifulvirginlandscapelargelyuntouched.TheearlyexplorationAfterColumbusdiscovertheNewWorldin1492theEuropeanpowerssentmanyexplorerstothenewcontinentsandtheybegantocompeteagainsteachotherinoccupyingtheNewWorld.Asaresultoftheearlyexploration,itlaidthefoundationforthecreationofnationinNorthandSouthAmerica.Theexplorersalsoexclaimedlargeareasoflandfortheirkings.TheFoundingofthethirteencoloniesa.Jamestownb.Massachusettsc.TheFoundingofthethirteencoloniesJamestownThefirstofBritishcoloniestoholdinNorthAmericawas

Jamestown（詹姆士頓）

.Agroupofabout100mensetoutfortheChesapeakeBay（切薩皮克灣）in1607

.TheysetupthefirstcolonizationsiteJamestown.Thissitewasdevelopedintooneofthe13colonies–Virginia（弗吉尼亞）.MassachusettsIn1620,inordertoescapefromreligiouspersecutionathomeagroupofpuritans（清教徒）

–nowknownaspilgrimFather（移民始祖）

securedalandpatentfromVirginiaCompany,thesepeoplesetoutforVirginiaonboardtheMayflower（五月花號）

,AstormsentthemfornorthandlandedinNewEnglandonCapeCod（科德角）

.TheMayflowerThanksgivingDayThePilgrimFathersufferedterriblehardshipsatfirst,andhalfofthemdiedinthefirstwinter.Butthosewhosurvivedthefirstyearmanagedtoliveonfishand,withthehelpoffriendlyIndians,reapaharvestfromthelandinthesummer.Thesettlersfixedadatetocelebratetheirharvest.FirstThanksgiving-Daytocelebratetheharvest,expressingtheirthankstoGod.TheFoundingofthethirteencoloniesIttookmorethanacenturyfortheBritishtoestablishthe13coloniesalongtheAtlanticcoast.The13weredivided,accordingtotheirgeographicallocationsfromSouthtoNorth,threesections:thesoutherncolonies,themiddlecoloniesandNewEngland.southerncolonies:Virginia,Maryland,NorthandSouthCarolina,andGeorgia.MiddleColonies:NewYork,NewJersey,Pennsylvania,andDelaware.NewEngland:Massachusetts,NewHampshire,ConnecticutandRhodeIsland.北美十三個殖民地在殖民時期，南北兩種截然不同的社會制度已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生，北部建立起小土地所有制，同時發(fā)展起了資本主義經(jīng)濟，南部則建立起種植園奴隸制，而中部則介于兩者之間。兩種不同制度的產(chǎn)生為19世紀中葉美國內戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)埋下了種子。Americanrevolution1.Thesharpeningcontradictionbetweencoloniesandmothercountry.2.Theunityofthecolonies.3.ThefireofLexingtonandDeclarationofIndependence.4.ThewarofAmericanIndependence.5.Thesignificanceofthewar.6.TheConfederationandtheConstitution.Thesharpeningcontradictionbetweencoloniesandmothercountry.

1.Thesharpeningcontradictionbetweencoloniesandmothercountry.2.TheBostonMassacre.3.BostonTeaParty.Thesharpeningcontradictionbetweencoloniesandmothercountry.

Withthegrowthofthecolonies,however,Englandexercisedmoreprofitsoutofhercolonies.SuchasStampAct(印花稅）

,TownshendActs（湯森法案）

,TeaAct（茶葉稅）.TheBostonMassacreBostonTeaPartyTheunityofthecoloniesTheFirstContinentalCongresswasaconventionofdelegatesfromtwelveofthethirteenNorthAmericancoloniesthatmetonSeptember5,1774,atCarpenters'HallinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,earlyintheAmericanRevolution.CalledinresponsetothepassageoftheCoerciveActs(alsoknownasIntolerableActsbytheColonialAmericans)bytheBritishParliament,theCongresswasattendedby56membersappointedbythelegislaturesoftwelveoftheThirteenColonies,theexceptionbeingtheProvinceofGeorgia,whichdidnotsenddelegates.大陸會議會址---費城木匠廳ThefireofLexingtonThesecondcontinentalcongressTheSecondContinentalCongresswasaconventionofdelegatesfromtheThirteenColoniesthatmetbeginningonMay10,1775,inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,soonafterwarfareintheAmericanRevolutionaryWarhadbegun.ThesecondCongressmanagedthecolonialwareffort,andmovedincrementallytowardsindependence,adoptingtheUnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependenceonJuly4th,1776GeorgeWashingtonGeorgeWashington(February22,1732December14,1799)servedasthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1789to1797andasthecommanderoftheContinentalArmyintheAmericanRevolutionaryWarfrom1775to1783.BecauseofhissignificantroleintherevolutionandintheformationoftheUnitedStates,heisoftenreveredbyAmericansasthe"FatherofOurCountry”TheContinentalCongressappointedWashingtoncommander-in-chiefoftheAmericanrevolutionaryforcesin1775.UnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependence

TheUnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependenceisastatementadoptedbytheContinentalCongressonJuly4,1776,whichannouncedthatthethirteenAmericancoloniesthenatwarwithGreatBritainwerenowindependentstates,andthusnolongerapartoftheBritishEmpire.WrittenprimarilybyThomasJefferson,theDeclarationisaformalexplanationofwhyCongresshadvotedonJuly2todeclareindependencefromGreatBritain,morethanayearaftertheoutbreakoftheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.ThebirthdayoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica—IndependenceDay—iscelebratedonJuly4,thedaythewordingoftheDeclarationwasapprovedbyCongress.DeclarationofIndependenceThomasJefferson,mainauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependenceDeclarationofIndependenceWeholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertain

unalienablerights,thattheyareamongthesearelife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Thattosecuretheserights,governmentsareinstitutedamongthem,

derivingtheirjustpowerfromtheconsentofthegoverned.我們認為下面這些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物者賦予他們若干不可剝奪的權利，其中包括生命權、自由權和追求幸福的權利。為了保障這些權利，人類才在他們之間建立政府，而政府之正當權力，是經(jīng)被治理者的同意而產(chǎn)生的。ThewarofAmericanIndependenceAtfirstAmericansufferedalotTurningpoint:greatvictoryatSaratogaWiththehelpofFranceandothercountriesAmericanfinallywintheindependence.英軍司令康華利和他手下7000名英軍在約克鎮(zhèn)向美軍投降ThesignificanceofthewarTheAmericanWarofIndependencewasofgreathistoricalimportanceandinfluence.AnewrepublicemergedanditmarkedanewbeginningofAmericanhistory.ThevictoryoftheAmericanpeoplealsogreatlyencouragedthepeopleinthecoloniesruledbytheSpanishandpromotedthenationalliberationstruggleoftheothercoloniesintheworld.TheConfederationandtheConstitutionConstitutionalConventionUnitedStatesConstitutionConstitutionalConventionThePhiladelphiaConvention(nowalsoknownastheConstitutionalConvention)tookplacefromMay25toSeptember17,1787,inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,toaddressproblemsingoverningtheUnitedStatesofAmerica,whichhadbeenoperatingundertheArticlesofConfederationfollowingindependencefromGreatBritain.ThedelegateselectedGeorgeWashingtontopresideovertheconvention.TheresultoftheConventionwastheUnitedStatesConstitution.TheConventionisoneofthecentraleventsinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.ConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaTheConstitutiondefinesthethreebranchesofthenationalgovernment:alegislature,thebicameralCongress;anexecutivebranchledbythePresident;andajudicialbranchheadedbytheSupremeCourt.TheConstitutionspecifiesthepowersanddutiesofeachbranch.憲法序言美國憲法的序言只有一句話，由52個單詞構成。WethepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectunion,establishjustice,insuredomestictranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfare,andsecuretheblessingsoflibertytoourselvesandourposterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.我們合眾國人民，為建立更完善的聯(lián)邦，樹立正義，保障國內安寧，提供共同防務，促進公共福利，并使我們自己和后代得享自由的幸福，特為美利堅合眾國制定本憲法。ThegrowthofthenationLouisianaPurchaseTheexpandingofUnitedStatesThewarin1812MonroeDoctrineTheMonroeDoctrine,expressedin1823,proclaimedtheUnitedStates’opinionthatEuropeanpowersshouldnolongercolonizetheAmericasorinterferewiththeaffairsofsovereignnationslocatedintheAmericassuchastheUnitedStates,Mexico,andothers.Inreturn,theUnitedStateswouldnotinterfereinEuropeanaffairs.ThemainpointsTheEuropeancountriesoughtnottostartanynewcoloniesinNorthorSouthAmerica.TheEuropeancountriesoughtnottointerferewiththenewlyestablishedSouthAmericanrepublicsTheUnitedStatesoughtnottointerferetheaffairsofEuropeancountriesWesternMovementTime:theyearsfollowingtheendofthecivilwarin1965People:minersPurpose:seekforgoldandsilverPlace:RockymountainregionFamousfigures:hiredhorsemen-cowboysResults:IndiansarewithdrewandbuffaloweredestroyedThefirstsocialmovementSpurredbytheJacksondemocraticspirit,andworriedaboutthegrowingsocialinequality,thereform-mindedreligiousandsocialgroupslaunchedreformmovementsoneafteranotherfrom1830to1850,aperiodrememberedinAmericanhistoryasatimeofthefirstsocialmovement.

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