遼寧省錦州市錦州中學(xué)高一上學(xué)期新生入學(xué)英語答案

英語入學(xué)測(cè)試考試時(shí)間：150分鐘，試卷滿分：200分（含25分附加題）考試開始前，請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀考試注意事項(xiàng)。注意事項(xiàng)：1.請(qǐng)同學(xué)們誠信考試，認(rèn)真作答2.發(fā)到試卷后請(qǐng)翻到第五頁閱讀第六大題聽力部分，聽力音頻將在考試開始2分鐘內(nèi)播放，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們做好準(zhǔn)備。另：聽力15題每小題只讀1遍，610題每段材料讀2遍3.請(qǐng)同學(xué)們將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷上無效，考試結(jié)束后只上交答題卡。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們妥善保管試卷，日后會(huì)進(jìn)行講解。4.注意考試時(shí)間分配，時(shí)間來不及的時(shí)候先寫作文，作文每個(gè)人一定要寫，為了了解同學(xué)們真實(shí)的作文水平。推薦附加題也要盡量寫，實(shí)在不會(huì)除外。一、單選題（本大題共7小題，共7分）1.—Whencanweseethefilmsinourtown?—Notuntilthecinema________nextyearA.builds B.willbuild C.isbuilt D.willbebuilt【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：——我們鎮(zhèn)上什么時(shí)候能看電影?——直到明年電影院建成。分析句意再根據(jù)until可知，此處時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，又因?yàn)閠hecinema和動(dòng)詞built之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以be動(dòng)詞用is。故選C項(xiàng)。2.—Mike,whereisyourfather?—He________toNewYorkonbusiness.He________theairportatfiveinthemorning.A.hasgone;hasleftfor B.hasbeen;hasleftforC.hasgone;leftfor D.hasbeen;leftfor【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——邁克，你父親在哪兒？——他到紐約出差去了。他早上5點(diǎn)動(dòng)身去的機(jī)場(chǎng)。第一空表示已經(jīng)去了，現(xiàn)在人不在這里，應(yīng)用have/hasgoneto；而have/hasbeento表示已經(jīng)去過，如今已經(jīng)回來了；第二空根據(jù)后文atfiveinthemorning描述過去發(fā)生的事情用一般過去時(shí)。故選C。3.Unless_______,hekeptsilentallthetime.A.spoken B.beingspokento C.spokento D.speakingto【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查條件狀語從句的省略。句意：除非有人跟他說話，否則他一直保持沉默。分析句子可知，本句考查的是unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的省略，從句主語與主句主語he一致，且含有be動(dòng)詞，即省略了hewas，又因空處與其主語he之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以需用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，speak表示“說話”時(shí)示“和某人說話”。故選C項(xiàng)。4.Ifyouputastoneinthewayofanant,itwillgoaround,over,underorontop,withoutstopping,untilitfindsawaytoget______itneedstobe.A.what B.how C.which D.where【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查地點(diǎn)狀語從句。句意：如果你把一塊石頭擋住螞蟻的去路，它會(huì)不停地四處走動(dòng)，從上面、下面或上面，不會(huì)停止，直到它找到到達(dá)它需要的地方的方法。get表示“到達(dá)”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面需要的是地點(diǎn)狀語從句，表示“到達(dá)它要去的地方”，用where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句，故選D項(xiàng)。5.Hesuggestedthattheproblems______paidspecialattentionto.A.referredtobeing B.refertobeing C.referredtobe D.referringtobe【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞、語態(tài)和虛擬語氣。句意：他建議應(yīng)該要對(duì)涉及到的問題給予重視。分析句子可知，賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是paid，故空格處用非謂語，根據(jù)與邏輯主語problems是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞referredto；主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是suggested，表示“建議”，其后面的賓語從句用shoulddo，should可以省略，與主語problems是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】suggest一般用作及物動(dòng)詞，接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、帶疑問詞的動(dòng)詞不定式或由that/wh引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語。suggest作“建議”“提議”解后接that從句作賓語時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬式；作“表明，暗示”“使想起”等解時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可用陳述式。6.（2014·福建）nomoderntelemunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.A.Werethere B.HadtherebeenC.Ifthereare D.Iftherehavebeen【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查if虛擬條件句的省略和倒裝。句意：“如果沒有現(xiàn)代的電信業(yè)，要想得到世界各地的消息，我們就不得不等幾個(gè)星期?！北绢}是一個(gè)表示與現(xiàn)在相反if虛擬條件句，if從句中使用“did/were”,主句使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(would/could/should/might)+動(dòng)詞原形”；而if虛擬條件句發(fā)生省略和倒裝的條件是：從句謂語部分含有were/had/should。若滿足該條件，可將if省去，將were/had/should提于句首，發(fā)生部分倒裝。故A正確?？键c(diǎn)：if虛擬條件句的省略和倒裝7.—____________thathedidn’tdaretomoveaninch.—So____________,andso____________you,wereyouinthedark.A.Sofrightenedwashe;washe;would B.Hewassofrightened;hewas;wereC.Sofrightenedwashe;hewas;would D.Sofrightenedhewas;washe;were【答案】C【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查部分倒裝和固定句型。句意：——他嚇得一步也不敢動(dòng)?！沁@樣，如果你在黑暗中，你也會(huì)這樣。第一空，在so…that…句式中，如果so位于句首，主句中的主語和謂語需部分倒裝，即將助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞提到主語之前，其他語序不變，故排除B、D選項(xiàng)；第二空，句型“so+主語+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞”表示同意上文或?qū)Ψ絼傉f的話，意為“確實(shí)就是……”；第三空為句型“so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語”，表示前面所陳述的情況也適用于另外一人，意為“……也一樣”。故選C。二、閱讀理解（本大題共31小題，共分）PassageA（共5小題，分）WhileIwasjumpingrope,mysmartphonetookafalltothefloorwhichcreatedcracks(裂縫)onmyscreen.However,themusickeptplaying.30minuteslater,Icouldseeonlyonetenthofmyscreenwhiletherestwasblack.Thenextmorning,Idecidednottouseitfor24hours.Ifeltasenseofcalmthatday,whichledtomynotusingitforoneweek.Oneweekendedupbeing60daysintotalwithoutmysmartphone.HerearesomeadvantagesInoticedinthischallenge.You'llbee“bored”Withoutmyphone,Ibecamebored,butmymindwentthroughallkindsoftopics,Boredom(無聊)isaperfectwaytocreatenewideasonabusinessorproject.Whenyouarebored,youallowyourmindtorelaxtoreachallpossibilities.You'llbeabletoreduceyour“work”hoursAsurveyfoundthatadultscheckedtheirsmartphones85timesaday,oronceevery10minutes.AsIlearnedinmychallenge,bynothavingmysmartphone,Ifellintodeepworkmoreeasily,soIpletedmytasksinashortertime.You’llimproveyourmentalhealthWithoutmyphone,Iavoidedreadingnegativenewsandments.Whilethathelpedmakeabigimprovementinmymentalhealth,thebiggestreasonforitwastrulymunicatingwithpeople.Itbroughtmemoreconnectionswithhumansintherealworld.Iwenttomoredinnerswithfriendsandaskedmorequestionstostrangers.8.Whathappenedtothewriter’ssmartphone?A.Itwaslost. B.Ithadnosound.C.Itsmusicstoppedplaying. D.Itsscreenwasmostlyblack.9.Howlongdidthewriterstopusingthephoneintheend?A.For24hours. B.Foroneweek. C.Foronemonth. D.Forsixtydays.10.Boredomisagoodwayforthewriter________.A.tocreatenewideas B.tostartabusinessC.tosetupaproject D.torelaxthebody11.Withoutthesmartphone,thewritercouldfinishthework________.A.moreterribly B.morequickly C.morecarelessly D.morefortably12.Whatcanimprovepeople’smentalhealthaccordingtothepassage?A.Chattingonthephone. B.Readingnegativenews.C.municatingintherealworld. D.Avoidingmeetingfriendsandstrangers.【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.B12.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。作者通過自己60天沒有使用智能的經(jīng)歷，講述了沒有智能的好處，你會(huì)變得無聊，但會(huì)讓頭腦放松；可以減少你的工作時(shí)間；心理健康會(huì)大有改善?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第一段中“30minuteslater,Icouldseeonlyonetenthofmyscreenwhiletherestwasblack.(30分鐘后，我只能看到屏幕的十分之一，其余的都是黑色的。)”可知，作者的智能屏幕大部分是黑色的。故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第一段中“Oneweekendedupbeing60daysintotalwithoutmysmartphone.(一個(gè)星期最后變成了整整60天沒有用我的智能。)”可知，作者停止使用的時(shí)間是六十天。故選D。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)You'llbee“bored”部分中的“Boredomisaperfectwaytocreatenewideasonabusinessorproject.(無聊是在商業(yè)或項(xiàng)目上創(chuàng)造新想法的完美方式。)”可知，無聊是作者創(chuàng)造新的想法的好方法。故選A。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)You'llbeabletoreduceyour“work”hours部分中的“AsIlearnedinmychallenge,bynothavingmysmartphone,Ifellintodeepworkmoreeasily,soIpletedmytasksinashortertime.(正如我在我的挑戰(zhàn)中所學(xué)到的，由于沒有智能，我更容易投入到深層次的工作中，所以我在更短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成了我的任務(wù)。)”可知，沒有智能，作者就可以更快地完成這項(xiàng)工作。故選B。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中最后一段“Withoutmyphone,Iavoidedreadingnegativenewsandments.Whilethathelpedmakeabigimprovementinmymentalhealth,thebiggestreasonforitwastrulymunicatingwithpeople.Itbroughtmemoreconnectionswithhumansintherealworld.Iwenttomoredinnerswithfriendsandaskedmorequestionstostrangers.(沒有，我避免閱讀負(fù)面新聞和評(píng)論。雖然這有助于我的心理健康有了很大的改善，但最大的原因是真正與人溝通。它給我?guī)砹烁嗯c現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的人類的聯(lián)系。我和朋友一起吃了更多的晚餐，向陌生人問了更多的問題。)”可知，在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中交流能改善人們的心理健康。故選C。PassageB（共5小題，分）“Children,tomorrowIshallexpectallofyoutowritepositions,”saidateacherofLoveLaneSchool.“Then,onFridaythosewhohavedonethebestmaystandupandreadtheirpositionstotheschool.”Someofthechildrenwerepleased,andsomewerenot.“Whatshallwewriteabout?”theyasked.Someofthemthoughtthat“Home”wasagoodsubject.Othersliked“School”.Onelittleboychose“TheHorse”.Alittlegirlsaidshewouldwriteabout“Summer”.Thenextday,everypupilexceptHenryLongfellowhadwrittenaposition.“Well,then,”saidtheteacher,“youmaytakeyournotebookandgooutbehindtheschoolhouseforhalfanhour.Thinkofsomethingtowriteabout,andwritethewordonyournotebook.Thentrytotellwhatitis,whatitislike,whatitisgoodfor,andwhatisdonewithit.Thatisthewaytowriteaposition.”Henrytookhisnotebookandwentout.JustbehindtheschoolhousewasMr.Finney’sbarn.Quiteclosetothebarnwasagarden.Andinthegarden,Henrysawaturnip(蘿卜).“Well,Iknowwhatthatis,”hesaidtohimselfandhewrotethewordturniponhisnotebook.Thenhetriedtotellwhatitwaslike,whatitwasgoodfor,andwhatwasdonewithit.Withinhalfanhour,hehadwrittenaveryneatpositiononhisnotebook.Hethenwentintothehouse,andwaitedwhiletheteacherreadit.Theteacherwassurprisedandpleased.Hesaid,“HenryLongfellow,youhavedoneverywell.Todayyoumaystandupbeforetheschoolandreadwhatyouhavewrittenabouttheturnip.”Manyyearsafterthat,somefunnylittlepoemsaboutMr.Finney’sturnipwereprintedinanewspaper.SomepeoplesaidthattheywerewhatHenryLongfellowwroteonhisnotebookthatdayatschool.13.Somestudentswerenotpleasedprobablybecause________.A.theteacherwouldnotreadtheirpositions B.theydidworsethanotherstudentsatschoolC.theydidn’tknowwhattowriteabouttheposition D.theywouldhavenotimetoenjoythemselvesatall14.Thesecondparagraphismainlytotellusthat________.A.Henrywasalazyboy B.studentswrotepositionsondifferenttopicsC.otherstudentswasclevererthanHenry D.Henrywouldliketostandoutsidealone15.WhydidtheteacheraskHenrytostandbehindtheschoolhouse?A.Towriteaposition. B.Topunishhimseriously.C.Tohaveagoodtime. D.TohelpMr.Finney.16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofHenry’sposition?A.Noonelikedit. B.Itstopicwasverystrangetopeople.C.Henrywroteitespeciallyforanewspaper. D.Itwasbetterthanotherstudents’positions.17.WecanlearnfromHenry’sstorythat________.A.actionsspeaklouderthanwords B.goodworksefromdiscoveryoflifeC.allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy D.afriendwithoutmistakesisneverfound【答案】13.C14.B15.A16.D17.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要通過老師讓HenryLongfellow到校舍后面自己觀察和思考寫作文的故事告訴我們，好的作品來自對(duì)生活的發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Someofthechildrenwerepleased,andsomewerenot.“Whatshallwewriteabout?”theyasked.(有些孩子很高興，有些孩子不高興?！拔覀儜?yīng)該寫些什么？”他們問道。)”可知，有些學(xué)生不高興可能是因?yàn)樗麄儾恢涝搶懯裁醋魑?。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Someofthemthoughtthat“Home”wasagoodsubject.Othersliked“School”.Onelittleboychose“TheHorse”.Alittlegirlsaidshewouldwriteabout“Summer”.(他們中的一些人認(rèn)為“家”是一個(gè)好主題。另一些人喜歡“學(xué)校”。一個(gè)小男孩選擇了“馬”。一位小女孩說她會(huì)寫“夏天”。)”可知，第二段主要是告訴我們學(xué)生們寫關(guān)于不同主題的作文。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Well,then,”saidtheteacher,“youmaytakeyournotebookandgooutbehindtheschoolhouseforhalfanhour.Thinkofsomethingtowriteabout,andwritethewordonyournotebook.Thentrytotellwhatitis,whatitislike,whatitisgoodfor,andwhatisdonewithit.Thatisthewaytowriteaposition.”(“好吧，那么，”老師說，“你可以帶著你的筆記本到校舍后面去半個(gè)小時(shí)。想一些要寫的東西，把它寫在筆記本上。然后試著說出它是什么，它是什么樣子的，它有什么好處，以及用它做了什么。這就是寫作文的方法?！?”可知，老師要Henry站在校舍后面是為了讓他寫一篇作文。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Then,onFridaythosewhohavedonethebestmaystandupandreadtheirpositionstotheschool.(然后，在周五，那些表現(xiàn)最好的孩子可以站起來給學(xué)校讀作文。)”第和七段“Theteacherwassurprisedandpleased.Hesaid,“HenryLongfellow,youhavedoneverywell.Todayyoumaystandupbeforetheschoolandreadwhatyouhavewrittenabouttheturnip.”(老師既驚訝又高興。他說：“亨利·朗費(fèi)羅，你做得很好。今天你可以站在學(xué)校面前，讀你寫的關(guān)于蘿卜的文章。”)”可知，亨利的作文應(yīng)該比其他學(xué)生的作文好。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要通過老師讓HenryLongfellow到校舍后面自己觀察和思考寫作文的故事告訴我們，好的作品來自對(duì)生活的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。PassageC（共5小題，分）Theworldisfullofscreens.TheyareonTVs,putersandsmartphones.Screensareatschool,athome,andjustabouteverywhereinbetween.Thetimepeoplespendeverydaylookingatscreensisknownas“screentime.”Mostfamilieshaverulesabouthowmuchtimechildrencanspendwithscreens.Whydotheyhaverules?Aretheregoodreasonstolimitscreentime?Inmanyways,screensarehelpfulformunicationandconnectingwithotherpeople.Socialmediaandvideocallsallowpeopletobealwaysintouchwithoneanother.________Bysharingandmentingonvideos,photos,gamesormusic,peoplecanmeetotherswhohavesimilarinterests.However,someadultsareworriedthatyoungpeoplespendtoomuchtimeonscreensandnotenoughtimemeetingpeopleinreallife.Asaresult,theymaynotproperlyunderstandfeelingsordevelopstrongrelationships.Manykindsofscreentimemaybegoodforstudents.Studentsmayusescreentimetodeveloptheirskillsincreatingmusicorvideos.Theymayevenlearnskillssuchascoding(編程)puterprograms.Whenstudentsusetheirscreentimetodoresearchonline,theymaymeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromthemorideastheyhaveneverthoughtaboutbefore.However,someresearchersthinkthatscreenschangehowthebrainprocessesinformation.Somehavelinked(連接)screentimetolowertestscoresorlessattentiontime.Inthefuture,scientistswillcontinuestudyingtheeffectsofscreentime.Parentswilllikelycontinuetomakeruleslimitingscreentime.Plentyofgoodthingscanefromallthisscreentime,butit’sagoodideaforpeopletopayattentiontohowmuchtimeinadaytheyspendlookingatascreen.Theyshouldknowhowscreentimeinfluencestheirhealth,relationships,andlearning.18.Choosethebestsentencetofillintheblank“________”inParagraph2.A.Peoplecreatevideosandphotoswiththeirscreentime.B.Peoplespendtoomuchtimesharingphotosandvideos.C.Screentimecanalsohelppeoplebuildnewrelationships.D.Screentimeencouragespeopletomeetfriendsinreallife.19.Whichgroupofscreentimeactivitieswould“coding”belongto?A.Socialmedia. B.LearningSkills.C.PlayingGames. D.Researchingonline.20.What’stheauthor’sopiniononscreentime?A.Itshouldbeincreased. B.ItshouldnotbelimitedC.Itshouldbemadegooduseof. D.Itshouldnotbeallowedatschool.21.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?A. B. C. D.22.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatIsScreenTime? B.ScreenTimeandLearning.C.ScreenTime:GoodorBad? D.ScreenTimeandSocialLife.【答案】18.C19.B20.C21.D22.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中屏幕時(shí)間的問題?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Inmanyways,screensarehelpfulformunicationandconnectingwithotherpeople.Socialmediaandvideocallsallowpeopletobealwaysintouchwithoneanother.(在許多方面，屏幕有助于與他人交流和聯(lián)系。社交媒體和視頻通話使人們能夠始終保持聯(lián)系。)”和“Bysharingandmentingonvideos,photos,gamesormusic,peoplecanmeetotherswhohavesimilarinterests.(通過分享和評(píng)論視頻、照片、游戲或音樂，人們可以遇到有相似興趣的人。)”可推斷，屏幕時(shí)間也可以幫助人們建立新的關(guān)系。故選C?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theymayevenlearnskillssuchascoding(編程)puterprograms.(他們甚至可以學(xué)習(xí)諸如編寫計(jì)算機(jī)程序之類的技能。)”可知，編程屬于學(xué)習(xí)技能這組屏幕時(shí)間活動(dòng)。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Plentyofgoodthingscanefromallthisscreentime,butit'sagoodideaforpeopletopayattentiontohowmuchtimeinadaytheyspendlookingatascreen.(看屏幕的時(shí)間可以帶來很多好處，但人們最好注意一下自己一天看屏幕的時(shí)間。)”可推斷，作者對(duì)屏幕時(shí)間的看法是應(yīng)該好好利用。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段提出問題“Aretheregoodreasonstolimitscreentime?(限制看屏幕的時(shí)間有什么好的理由嗎？)”，第二段和第四段討論了屏幕時(shí)間的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，第三段和第五段討論了屏幕時(shí)間的缺點(diǎn)。第六段總結(jié)要合理利用屏幕時(shí)間。故文章的結(jié)構(gòu)為總→分→總結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)最后一段“Inthefuture,scientistswillcontinuestudyingtheeffectsofscreentime.(未來，科學(xué)家將繼續(xù)研究屏幕時(shí)間的影響。)”及全文可知，本文主要討論了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中屏幕時(shí)間時(shí)長(zhǎng)優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的問題。故最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)為“ScreenTime:GoodorBad?(屏幕時(shí)間：好還是壞？)”故選C。PassageD（共4小題，10分）ScientistsatPurdueUniversitycreatedtheworld’swhitestpaint—adiscoverythatnotonlyaddsyetanotherchoicetothe“whichwhiteshouldwepaintthiswall”dilemma,butalsomighthelptheclimatecrisis.ThepaintwasdevelopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuanandhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgreatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming.“Whenwestartedthisprojectsevenyearsago,wehadsavingenergyandfightingclimatechangeinmind,”Ruansaidinapodeast(播客)episodeofThisIsPurdue.Theywantedtocreateapaintthatwouldreflectsunlightawayfromabuilding,dramaticallydecreasingtheneedforairconditioning.Heating,cooling,andlightingaccountfor28percentoftheworld’stotalgreenhousegasemissions.Andoverusingairconditioningcanoverwhelmacity’spowergridandcauseblackouts(停電).InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces.Thepaintreflects98.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinfrared(紅外線的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesout,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroundingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldcreate10kilowattsofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound.“That’smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthouses,”RuantoldThisIsPurdue.Youcan’tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithapanytoputthepaintonthemarket.Whileindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it’simportanttonotethatthevastmajorityoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100panies.Maybewecandouse(澆)thosepanieswiththiswhitepaint,too—itcouldbeworthashot.23.Whatisknownaboutthepaint?A.Ithasdifferentcolors. B.Itdoesn’tcostmuch.C.Itusesheatingtechnology. D.Itisclimatefriendly.24.WhatistheQueensblackoutmentionedtoshow?A.Thepoormanagementofpower. B.Thesignificanceofthepaint.C.Theimportanceofairconditioning. D.Theresultofglobalwarming.25.WhichaspectofthepaintistalkedaboutinParagraph4?A.Itsapplication. B.Itsfunction.C.Itsposition. D.Itsdisadvantage.26.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.Thequalityofthepaintneedsimproving.B.Thepaintwillbringprofitstothe100panies.C.Researcherswanttoseethepaintinmercialuse.D.Individualeffortsmatterincreatingthewhitestpaint.【答案】23.D24.B25.B26.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了普渡大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們創(chuàng)造了世界上最白的涂料——這一發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅為“我們應(yīng)該把這面墻涂成哪種白色”的困境增加了另一個(gè)選擇，而且可能有助于解決氣候危機(jī)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThepaintwasdevelopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuanandhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgreatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming.”（這種涂料是由普渡大學(xué)機(jī)械工程教授阮秀林和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的。它的工作原理是一種被動(dòng)冷卻技術(shù)，這種技術(shù)很有希望降低空間冷卻成本和全球變暖。）可知，關(guān)于涂料我們知道它是氣候友好型的。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces.”（在2006年皇后區(qū)的一次大停電中，萬人沒有電，導(dǎo)致40人死亡。在一些地方，這種涂料可以有效地替代空調(diào)。）可推知，皇后區(qū)停電事件是為了說明涂料的意義。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thepaintreflects98.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinfrared(紅外線的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesout,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroundingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldcreate10kilowattsofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound.“That’smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthouses,”RuantoldThisIsPurdue.”（這種涂料能反射98.1%的太陽輻射，同時(shí)還能發(fā)出紅外線。由于這種涂料從太陽吸收的熱量比散發(fā)的熱量少，涂上這種涂料的表面可以在不使用電力的情況下冷卻到周圍溫度以下。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，用這種涂料覆蓋1000平方英尺的屋頂可以產(chǎn)生10千瓦的冷卻功率。“這比大多數(shù)家庭使用的空調(diào)更強(qiáng)大，”阮告訴ThisIsPurdue。）可知，第4段主要談?wù)摿送苛系墓δ芊矫娴膬?nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youcan’tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithapanytoputthepaintonthemarket.Whileindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it’simportanttonotethatthevastmajorityoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100panies.Maybewecandouse(澆)thosepanieswiththiswhitepaint,too—itcouldbeworthashot.”（你現(xiàn)在還不能買到這種涂料，但研究人員正在與一家公司合作，將這種涂料推向市場(chǎng)。雖然個(gè)人行動(dòng)對(duì)抗氣候變化可以幫助拯救我們的地球，但重要的是要注意，世界上絕大多數(shù)溫室氣體排放可以追溯到100家公司。也許我們可以把這些公司也涂上這種白漆——值得一試。）可推知，從最后一段可以得知研究人員希望看到這種涂料在商業(yè)上的應(yīng)用。故選C項(xiàng)。PassageE（共4小題，10分）Tetraplegicpaticnts(thosewhocan’tmovetheirupperorlowerbody)areprisonersoftheirownbodies.Nowarobotarmistohelptheminteractwiththeirworld.ThisresearchwaspletedbyresearchersattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyLausanne(EPFL).ProfessorAudeBillardandJosedelR.Millanworkedtogethertocreateaputerprogramthatcancontrolarobotusingelectricalsignalsfromapatient’sbrain.First,theuserwearsanEEGcaptohavetheirelectricalsignalsinsidetheirbrainscanned(掃描)effectively,whicharetheninterpretedbythemachinelearningalgorithm(算法).Theputerthensendssignalstotherobotarmtodeterminehowitmoves.Astherobotarmperformsamotion,thealgorithmislookingtogetfeedbackfromtheuserwhenitmakesamistake:perhapsitmovedtoofast,ortooviolently.Theendgoalisthattherobotcanlearntherightmovementsforataskinagivencontext.Forexample,youmightwantthearmtouseabitofforcetothrowapaperball,butyoumightwantittobegentlerwhenputtingglassbottles.Intheteam’sresearch,theytrainedtherobotarmtopickupaglass.Thearmwouldmovetowardstheglassandtheuser’sbrainwoulddecideiftheyfeltitwastoocloseortoofaraway.Theprocessisrepeateduntiltherobotunderstandstheoptimalroutefortheindividual’spreferencenottooclosetobeariskbutnotsofarawaytowastemovement.“Traininganalgorithmtoreadbrainwavesinaconsistentfashionwasthemostchallengingpart,becausethebrainisnotonlyfocusedonthehandbutalsoprocessingmanyotherthings,”saidMillan.“Thismeansouralgorithmwillneverbe100%accurate.”Theresearchershopetoeventuallyusetheiralgorithmtocontrolwheelchairs,whichwouldallowpeopleinwheelchairstohavegreatercontrolovertheirmovements,speedsandgeneralsafety.However,thisdoesrequireconsistencyovertimetothealgorithm.27.Whichparagraphmentionstheworkingprocess?A.Paragraph1. B.Paragraph2. C.Paragraph3. D.Paragraph4.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimal”inparagraph3mean?A.Indirect. B.Best. C.Regular. D.Alternative.29Howcantheaccuracyofreadingbrainwavesbeimproved?A.Bycontrollingpeople’sbrain. B.Byensuringgeneralsafety.C.Byprocessingotherinformation. D.Bygainingdatacontinuously.30.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.Thisrobotarmcanreadyourmind.B.Robotarmscontrolyourmovement.C.Algorithmfindscureforthedisabled.D.Machinelearningalgorithmcantrainrobots.【答案】27.B28.B29.D30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究，為了幫助四肢癱瘓的患者，科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了機(jī)器人手臂，患者可以用大腦電信號(hào)控制機(jī)器人手臂。【27題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“First,theuserwearsanEEGcaptohavetheirelectricalsignalsinsidetheirbrainscanned(掃描)effectively,whicharetheninterpretedbythemachinelearningalgorithm(算法).Theputerthensendssignalstotherobotarmtodeterminehowitmoves.Astherobotarmperformsamotion,thealgorithmislookingtogetfeedbackfromtheuserwhenitmakesamistake:perhapsitmovedtoofast,ortooviolently.Theendgoalisthattherobotcanlearntherightmovementsforataskinagivencontext.(首先，用戶戴上腦電圖帽，有效地掃描他們大腦中的電信號(hào)，然后由機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法解釋)。然后，計(jì)算機(jī)向機(jī)器人手臂發(fā)送信號(hào)，以確定它如何移動(dòng)。當(dāng)機(jī)器人手臂執(zhí)行一個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)，算法會(huì)在它犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)從用戶那里得到反饋:可能移動(dòng)得太快或太劇烈。最終目標(biāo)是機(jī)器人能夠在給定的環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)完成任務(wù)的正確動(dòng)作。)”可知，第二段描述了機(jī)器人手臂的操作流程。故選B。【28題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞后半句“nottooclosetobeariskbutnotsofarawaytowastemovement.(既不會(huì)太近而有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，又不會(huì)太遠(yuǎn)而浪費(fèi)移動(dòng)時(shí)間。)”可知，最終機(jī)器人會(huì)了解到適合個(gè)體偏好的最佳路線。所以optimal為“最佳的”之意。故選B?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theresearchershopetoeventuallyusetheiralgorithmtocontrolwheelchairs,whichwouldallowpeopleinwheelchairstohavegreatercontrolovertheirmovements,speedsandgeneralsafety.(研究人員希望最終能使用他們的算法來控制輪椅，這樣坐輪椅的人就能更好地控制自己的行動(dòng)、速度和總體安全。)”可推斷，他們是通過不斷獲得數(shù)據(jù)來提高準(zhǔn)確性的。故選D?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Nowarobotarmistohelptheminteractwiththeirworld.ThisresearchwaspletedbyresearchersattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyLausanne(EPFL).ProfessorAudeBillardandJosedelR.Millanworkedtogethertocreateaputerprogramthatcancontrolarobotusingelectricalsignalsfromapatient’sbrain.(現(xiàn)在，機(jī)器人手臂可以幫助他們與自己的世界進(jìn)行互動(dòng)。這項(xiàng)研究由瑞士洛桑聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院(EPFL)的研究人員完成。AudeBillard教授和JosedelR.Millan教授合作開發(fā)了一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)程序，該程序可以利用病人大腦的電信號(hào)來控制機(jī)器人。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究，為了幫助四肢癱瘓的患者，科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了機(jī)器人手臂，患者可以用大腦電信號(hào)控制機(jī)器人手臂。所以“Thisrobotarmcanreadyourmind.(這個(gè)機(jī)器人手臂能讀心術(shù)。)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A。PassageF（共4小題，10分）Sittinginthegardenformyfriend’sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz(振動(dòng))inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldpletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective(視角)tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.31.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender’sname?A.Anxious. B.Angry. C.Surprised. D.Settled.32.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto________.A.criticisethereviewprocess B.staylongerintheSaharaDesertC.applytotheoriginalprojectagain D.puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork33.Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas________.A.demanding B.inspiring C.misleading D.amusing34.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Aninvitationisareputation. B.Aninnovationisaresolution.C.Arejectioncanbearedirection. D.Areflectioncanbearestriction.【答案】31.A32.D33.B34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章中作者結(jié)合自己被拒絕后得到了更好的職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，告訴我們最初的拒絕給予了更好的方向?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).(當(dāng)我看到郵件發(fā)件人的名字時(shí)，我的心跳加速了。這封郵件是這樣開頭的：“親愛的格林先生，感謝您的關(guān)注”，“審核過程比預(yù)期的要長(zhǎng)。”信的結(jié)尾是“我們很抱歉地通知你……”，我的視線模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒絕的郵件，所以推測(cè)作者在看到電子郵件發(fā)件人的名字時(shí)感到焦慮。故選A。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“SoIwassh