新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(第三版)1第一冊(cè)-unit-1-Grammar-and-Vocabulary7375

文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持.Unit1Words&Usage詞匯精講1.action［用法］n.行動(dòng)，行動(dòng)過(guò)程，所作所為，作為e.g.Officialsarenotplanninganydrasticaction.官員們沒有計(jì)劃進(jìn)行大刀闊斧的行動(dòng)。［快捷記憶］actv.(立即)行動(dòng)e.g.Hadtherescueworkersnotactedsoswiftly,hewouldhavedied.2.balance［用法］n.平衡，均衡e.g.Theoutcomeofthebasketballgamewasinthebalanceuntilthelastminute.那場(chǎng)籃球賽直到最后一分鐘也沒決出勝負(fù)。e.g.Ifounditveryhardtokeepmybalanceontheicypath.我感到在結(jié)冰的小路上行走很難保持身體平衡。3.injure［用法］v.傷害，損傷，損害e.g.Ninepeoplediedand54wereinjuredintheaccident.在這次事故中有9人死亡，54人受傷。［比較］hurt/injure/impair此三詞均含有傷害或損害某人或某物之意，injure指任何種類的傷害，不分大??；e.g.Dishonestyinjuresabusiness.hurt可代替injure，但不如injure正式，尤指人對(duì)或動(dòng)物造成肉體和精神的傷害；e.g.Hehurtmyhandbytwistingit.impair表示借削弱、縮小、減損力量或價(jià)值而傷害e.g.Pooreatinghabitsimpairhealth.［快捷記憶］injuryn.Buildingworkersriskinjurybynotwearinghelmets.4.insertv.插入，嵌入e.g.Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm.e.g.“Whistle”isnotwrittenlikethat.Youhavetoinserta“t”betweenthe“s”andthe“l(fā)”.［快捷記憶］insertionn.（into/of）插入，插入物5.occasionaladj.偶爾的，間或發(fā)生的e.g.Butnowhisoccasionalsobturnedtoasteady,silentcrying...e.g.Joeisasolidplayerwithoccasionalflashesofbrilliance.［快捷記憶］occasionn.時(shí)刻，時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)，特殊（或）重大場(chǎng)合e.g.Wetestedasimilarproductonanearlieroccasion.e.g.Thetripwetooktogethergaveusanoccasiontogetbetteracquainted.e.g.Ionlywearatieonspecialoccasions.6.reliefn.痛苦等）緩解，減輕，解除：（痛苦、憂慮等消除后感到的）輕松，寬心，寬慰減輕；解除；輕松；浮雕；救濟(jì)(品)；安慰；替代1文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持.e.g.Whenshenodded,alookofgreatreliefspreadoverhisface.e.g.Theyfeltreliefwhenthecrisiswasover.e.g.Themedicinethedoctorgavemebroughtrelieftomyheadache.［快捷記憶］relievev.減輕，緩解；使寬心，使寬慰e.g.Anxietymayberelievedbytalkingtofriends.e.g.Iwasgreatlyrelievedatthenews.7.stiffadj.硬的，僵直的，（手腳等）不靈活的e.g.ThroughallofthisHenglaystiffandsilent.e.g.Hislegsfeltstifffromhavingsatforsolong.8.wide-eyedadj.睜大眼睛的e.g.Theirrequestwasmetwithwide-eyedsilence.構(gòu)詞法：wide（形容詞）+eye(名詞)+ed=形容詞kind-hearted好心的，仁慈的good-tempered好脾氣的，和氣的good-natured性情溫和的，和善的DifficultSentences難句詳解1.Theyquicklyfoundtheyounggirltobebadlyinjured,anditwasclearthatwithoutimmediateaction,shewoulddiefromlossofbloodandshock.(Line5，Para3)譯文他們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)女孩傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重。顯然，如果不立即采取行動(dòng)，她就會(huì)因失血過(guò)多和休克而死亡。該句中clear常可被其他形容詞替換如：itisobviousthat,itisapparentthat,itisevidentthat等，例：Itiscleartousthattheydon'twanttodothat.我們很清楚地看到他們不愿做那件事。Itwasapparentthathewasinnoconditiontotravel.他的健康狀況顯然不宜旅行。Itwasevidentthatshelikedhimstill.很顯然她還是喜歡他。2.Usingwhatlittlecommonlanguagetheycouldfind,togetherwithalotofsignlanguage,theytriedtoexplaintothefrightenedchildrenthatunlesstheycouldgivesomebloodtotheirlittlefriendshewouldcertainlydie.(Line16)譯文醫(yī)生子們解釋說(shuō)，除非他們能輸一些該句的主干部分是theytriedtoexplain…，其中Using加賓語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)伴隨狀語(yǔ)thefrightenedchildren是句子的間接賓語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句為直接賓語(yǔ)和護(hù)士用少得可憐的一點(diǎn)共同語(yǔ)言，結(jié)合大量的手勢(shì)，努力向這些受驚嚇的孩血給自己的小伙伴，否則她將必死無(wú)疑。，。3.Hengwasquicklylaidonabed,hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm.(Line27)譯文興很快被抱到一張床上，手臂用酒精消毒后注意本句中分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：hisarmcleanedwithalcohol,andtheneedleinsertedintohisarm表示伴隨情況。分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以理解為帶邏的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可表示伴隨情況或動(dòng)作，附加說(shuō)明及時(shí)間、原因、條件等。如：，針就扎了進(jìn)去。輯主語(yǔ)2文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持.Butnowhisoccasionalsobturnedtoasteady,silentcrying,hiseyesheldtightlyshut,hisfistinhismouthtryingtostophissobs.(伴隨動(dòng)作)Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.(原因)Weatherpermitting,we’llgothereonfoot.(條件)4.Butnowhisoccasionalsobturnedtoasteady,silentcrying,hiseyesheldtightlyshut,hisfistinhismouthtryingtostophissobs.譯文但現(xiàn)在，偶爾的抽泣變成了持續(xù)無(wú)聲的哭泣。他緊緊地閉著眼睛，用拳頭堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。句中hiseyesheldtightlyshut和hisfistinhismouthtryingtostophissobs是帶有自己主語(yǔ)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，表伴隨情況。5.Greaterlovehasnomanthanthis,thathelaydownhislifeforafriend.譯文他為了朋友甘愿獻(xiàn)出生命，沒有比這更偉大的愛了。這句話出自《圣經(jīng)》（TheBible），原句為：Greaterlovehathnomanthanthis,thatamanlaydownhislifeforhisfriend。該句為倒裝句，句中thathelaydownhislifeforhisfriend是this的同位語(yǔ)。把賓語(yǔ)greaterlove放在句首，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。本句的正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋篘omanhasgreaterlovethanthis,thathelaydownhislifeforhisfriend.After-ClassReadingWeAllNeedFriendsWords&Usage詞匯精講1.accidentaladj.意外的，偶然（生發(fā)）的Itwassuggestedthatthefirewasnotaccidental.［快捷記憶］accidentn.交通事故，意外事件accidentallyadv.偶然地［詞組與搭配］：byaccident偶然，無(wú)意中byaccidentof憑著……的機(jī)遇（或運(yùn)氣）withoutaccident順利而安全的2．a(chǎn)ppreciatev.(l.9)［用法1］torecognizewithgratitude感謝，感激e.g.Allofusappreciatethesupportandhelpwhichfriendsgiveus.I’dhighlyappreciateitifyoucangiveusanearlyreply.［用法2］tovalueoradmirehighly欣賞，鑒賞e.g.Itisapleasuretoappreciatetheworksofsuchagreatartist.3.chasev.追逐，追求，追捕e.g.Chasingbookscalledforbyreadersispartofalibrarian’swork.Manymenbecomeworkaholic,chasingsuccessandoftenneglectingtheirwivesandchildren.［詞組與搭配］：inchaseof［快捷記憶］chasen.追逐，追趕，被追逐的人（物）4.datev.與（異性朋友）約會(huì)。n.（尤指男女間的）約會(huì)Shehasbeendatingtheboyformonths.5.denyv.拒絕給予，拒絕……的要求，否認(rèn)，不承認(rèn)3文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持.e.g.Thecourtdeniedhisrequestforanewtrial.法院拒絕了他提出的復(fù)審要求。Hedeniedittobethecase.他說(shuō)事實(shí)不是這樣。［詞組與搭配］denyoneself克制自己denyoneselfto不會(huì)見，謝絕e.g.Mymotherdeniedherselfconstantly.Shedeniesherselftoallvisitors.6．hesitatev.猶豫，躊躇e.g.Don’thesitatetocallmeifyouneedanyhelp.［快捷記憶］hesitationn.猶豫，躊躇，遲疑7.rewardingadj.值得做的，有益的e.g.OurjourneytotheYukonwasaveryrewardingexperience.8.survivev.經(jīng)歷……后繼續(xù)存在，幸存，活下來(lái)e.g.Ofallthemuseum’spaintings,onlyonesurvivedthefire.survivaln.幸存，殘存，繼續(xù)存在［快捷記憶］e.g.Inthesejungleareas,everydayisafightforsurvival.DifficultSentences難句詳解1.Havinggoodoldfriendsisagoodthing,butmakingnewonescanbeevenbetter.譯文有要好的老朋友是件好事，但結(jié)交新朋友則會(huì)更好。本句中，動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)havinggoodoldfriends和makingnewones分別是兩個(gè)并列句的主語(yǔ)。2.Nomatterwhatageweare,allofusappreciatethesupportandhelpwhichfriendsgiveus.譯文不論我們年齡有我們都感激朋友給予我們的支持和幫。助多大，nomatterwhat表達(dá)讓步。e.g.Nomatterwhatyouhavedonebefore,I’llforgiveyou.不管你以前做過(guò)什么，我都會(huì)原諒你的。3.She’snotjustanotherpersonIcantalkwithorwavetoaswepassoneanotheronthestreet,butagoodfriend.她對(duì)于我，并不僅僅是又多了一位在街上碰到時(shí)打個(gè)招呼講講話的人，而是一位真譯文正的好朋友。Icantalkwithorwaveto前面省略了whom或that,agoodfriend前省略了Sheis。as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從4.Youhesitateanddragyourfeetbecauseyoucan’tbelieveyouhavetostartoveragain.譯文你猶豫躊躇，裹足不前，因?yàn)槟愫茈y相信你又得從頭來(lái)過(guò)