高三英語一輪復習賓語從句復習講義

高中英語基礎語法學習：賓語從句復習講義一、定義在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。二、連接詞that:Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.Whether/if:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.“What”:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.Idon’tknowwherehefoundthebook.只用whether的情況：1.與ornot連用：Idon’tknowwhetherit’srainingornot2.與動詞不定式連用：Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.3.連接詞前有介詞時：Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.三、時態(tài)1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實際情況而定(各種時態(tài)均可)Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.2.主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應的過去的時態(tài)。Shesaidthatshewasastudent.ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.3.如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實時，這時賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.考語序在賓語從句中，引導詞后一律用陳述句的語序。例如:Idontknowwhereheworks.我不知道他在哪兒工作。Couldyoutellmewhatshewants?你能告訴我她要什么嗎?需要注意的是:賓語從句的引導詞有時是由特殊疑問詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，那么從句后用逗號還是句號，完全起決于主句的句式:若主句為陳述句、祈使句，句末就用句號;若主句為疑問句，句末就用問號。例如Doyouknowwhenhewillcome?你知道他什么時候會來嗎?Idontknowwhathisnameis.我不知道他叫什么名字?？家龑г~的使用1.如果賓語從句為陳述句，則用that引導賓語從句。That本身并無實際意義，也不作任何成分，因此常常省略。例如:Ithink(that)hehadmadeamistake.我認為他犯了一個錯誤。2.如果賓語從句為一般疑問句，就用if或whether引導，此時，賓語從句用陳述語序。例如:Sheaskedif(whether)Icouldhelpher.她問我是否能幫助她。注意:a.當提出兩種選擇時，whether用得較多，而if很少用。例如Idon’tknowwhetherheiscomingornot.我不知道他是否會來。b.作介詞賓語時，用whether而不用if。例如Iaminterestedinwhethershe’llgoabroad.我對她是否出國感興趣。c.whether引導的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)移到主句前，if則不能。例如:Whetherthisistrueornot，Icannotsay.這件事是否真實，我說不上。3.如果賓語從句為特殊疑問句，則用連接代詞who，what，which和連接副詞when，where，how，why等引導。例如:Couldyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?你能告訴我你在哪個班嗎?三、考時態(tài)呼應1.當主句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞可用各種所需的時態(tài)。例如:Ithinkthatshe’llbebackinaweek.我想她一周后會回來。Idon’tknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor.我不知道他們正在等誰。2.主句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，從句的謂語動詞需要用過去的相應時態(tài)，即:一般過去時，過去將來時，過去進行時或過去完成時。例如:Iknewwhathernamewas.我知道她叫什么名字。SheaskedmeifIhadbeentoBeijing.她問我是否到過北京。特別需要注意的是:a)主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時，從句的謂語動詞可用各種所需的時態(tài)。例如:Hewilltellyouthathehasjustcomeoutofprison.他會告訴你他剛從監(jiān)獄里出來。b)主句為祈使句時，從句的謂語動詞可用各種所需的時態(tài)。例如:PleasetellmewhatIcandoforyou.請告訴我，我能為你做什么。c)當從句表達的是客觀真理或事實時，從句不受主句謂語動詞時態(tài)是限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如:Ourgeographyteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthmovesaroundthesun.我們的地理老師告訴我們:月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)，地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。d)當賓語從句表示的是現(xiàn)階段中的事實時，從句的時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)的約束。例如:HetoldmethathisfatherisateacherofEnglish.他告訴我，他父親是位英語老師。e)當賓語從句表示的是現(xiàn)在的習慣動作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)時，從句的時態(tài)不受主句的時態(tài)的約束，例如:Shesaidsheusuallygetsupatsixeverymorning.她說她通常每天早上六點鐘起床。f)當賓語從句表示的動作或狀態(tài)說話時仍然在繼續(xù)進行時，從句的時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)的約束。例如:Shesaidtheyarewaitingforabus.她說他們正在等車。(現(xiàn)在仍然在等)另外，賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移形式也值得注意:在賓語從句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是表示看法、感覺的詞(如Ithink，believe)且主語為第一人稱時，從句的否定概念一般用主句謂語動詞的否定形式表示。例如:Idon’tthinkyou’reright.我認為你錯了。60道賓語從句單選題()1.It'ssodark.Ican'tfindout______it'saboy_______agirl.A.if,andB.that,andC.either,orD.whether,or()2.Couldyoutellmeifhe_______toShanghai?A.hasgoneB.hadgoneC.wentD.go()3.Hetoldme_______shewouldcatchtheearlybus.A.whichB.whetherC.whyD.that()4.Mrs.Greenaskedme_______Iwouldgowithher.A.whatB.whichC.whyD.that()5.Idon'tknow_______thecoat_______cheapenough.A.if,isB.where,wereC.that,wasD.if,were()6.Callyoutellmewhy_______yesterday?A.youdidn'tcomeB.didyounotcomeC.didn'tyoucomeD.youdon'tcome()7.Hesaidthatthey_______Yunnan.A.havebeentoB.hadgonetoC.havegonetoD.hasgoneto()8.Jackisn'tsure_______studentsthereareinhisclass.A.howmanyB.whatC.whichD.whether()9.Canyoutellme_______yesterday?A.whattheydoB.whattheydidC.whatdotheydoD.whatdidtheydo()10.Iwanttoknow______hishomeworkyesterdayevening.A.ifhefinishedB.whetherhehadfinishedC.hadshefinishedD.hasshefinished()11.Doyouknowwhat_______thistimeyesterday?A.theyaredoingB.aretheydoingC.theyweredoingD.weretheydoing()12.Excuseme,canyoutellme_______?A.whywasthetrainlateB.whythetrainwaslateC.whyisthetrainlateD.whythetrainislate()13.Doyouknowwhere_____?Someoneislookingforhim.A.heisB.hewasC.isheD.washe()14.Hewantedtoknowhowlong_______inhospital.A.sheisstayingB.shehadstayedC.didshestayD.shestay()15.Mybrothersaidhe____going___hisfriendthenextday.A.was,tomeetB.wouldgo,hasC.willgo,wasgoingtoD.willgo,will()16.Hetoldmethathe_______toLondonthenextday.A.wouldgoB.goC.wentD.hasgone()17.Hesaidthatlight_______muchfasterthansound.A.traveledB.willtravelC.travelsD.istraveling()18.Ourteachersaidthatthemoon_____aroundtheearth.A.turnB.turnedC.hasturnedD.turns()19.HesaidthatApril_______the_______monthofayear.A.is,thirdB.is,fourthC.was,fourthD.was,third()20.Doyouknow_______?A.isitwhosepenB.whosepenisitC.whosepenitisD.itiswhosepen()21.Canyoutellme_______?A.whoareyouB.whoyouareC.youarewhoD.whoyoube()22.Doyouknow_______ofthethree?A.whichbookshelikesbestB.whichbestbookdoesshelikeC.thatwhichbookshelikesbestD.whichbookshebestlikes()23.Ihear___theteacherwillcomebackfromtheUKsoon.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whether()24.Canyoutellme_______languageshespeaks?A.whichB.howC.thatD.whether()25.Canyoutellus_____yougrowcottoninyourcountry?A.thatB.whetherC.whichD.whose()26.Idon'tunderstand_______yousaid.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.what()27.Doyouknow_______madehimangrylasttime?A.whenB.thatC.whereD.what()28.Canyoutellme_______themeetingwillbegin?A.whatB.whetherC.whenD.where()29._______surprisedmemostwas_______hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.A.What,howB.What,thatC.That,thatD.Whom,that()30.Iwondered_______theyhadbeentoAmerica.A.ifB.whatC.whoD.that()31.Youwillfeelhungry_______youdon'thavebreakfast.A.whatB.whyC.ifD.how()32.Doyouknow_______Jackleftsoearly?A.whatB.whyC.untilD.though()33.Doyouknowwhattime_______.A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves()34.Iamsure_______yousaidistrue.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who()35.Ithasnotbeendecided_______theywillleave.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what()36.Noneofusknowswhichfloor_______on.A.issheB.shelivingC.sheisD.didshelive()37.Doyouknow____shewillgotothecinemawithus?A.ifB.whereC.whoD.which()38.Thechildrensaid____they____themselvesverymuch.A.if,enjoyB.why,enjoyedC.where,enjoyD.that,enjoyed()39.Idon'tthink_______I_______outtheproblem.A.if,canworkB.how,willworkC.that,canworkD.when,willwork()40.Sheisafraid_______he_______coldatnight.A.that,willcatchB.that,catchesC.whether,willcatchD.is,catches()41.Wearesure_______he_______tospeakEnglishwell.A.that,learnedB.that,haslearnedC.if,learnedD.if,haslearned()42.Theboyasked_______I_______anynoisefromoutside.A.when,heardB.why,hadlearnedC.whether,hadheardD.what,heard()43.Whocantellus_______aboutoverthere?A.whattheytalkB.whatdotheytalkC.whataretheytalkingD.whattheyaretalking()44.Wecouldn'tfindout_____,soweaskedapoliceman.A.whosebikeitwasB.whosebikewasitC.whoseitwasbikeD.whosewasitbike()45.Doyouknow_______taketogettothehospital?A.whichwaymustweB.whichmustwewayC.whichwaywemustD.whichwemustway()46.Tomasked_______toschoollate.A.whodidoftencomeB.whooftencameC.whyhadsheleftD.whyshehadleft()47.Idon'tremember_______theboybyhimself.A.whydidsheleaveB.whysheleftC.whyhadsheleftD.whyshehadleft()48.Haveyouforgotten_______whenhedied?A.howoldhewasB.howoldwasheC.whatdidhesayD.whathedidsay()49.Nobodyknows_______tovisitourschool.A.whenwillhecomeB.whendoeshecomeC.whenhewillcomeD.whenhedoescome()50.Pleasetellus_______totheScienceMuseum.A.howcanwereachB.howwecanreachC.howcanwegetD.howwecanget()51.Don'tyoubelieve______tothemoonbyspaceship?A.thatmandidflyB.howdidthemanflyC.ifmanflyD.whethermanfly()52.Theteachertoldus_______.A.istheearthroundB.theearthwasroundC.theearthisroundD.wastheearthround()53.Whoknows_______dictionar