《兒童網(wǎng)上隱私保護法》-英文版法案全文

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Children'sOnlinePrivacyProtectionActof1998TITLEXIII-CHILDREN'SONLINEPRIVACYPROTECTION

SEC.1301.SHORTTITLE.

Thistitlemaybecitedasthe"Children'sOnlinePrivacyProtectionActof1998".SEC.1302.DEFINITIONS.

Inthistitle:

(1)CHILD.—Theterm"child"meansanindividualundertheageof13.

(2)OPERATOR.—Theterm"operator"—

(ii)inanyterritoryoftheUnitedStatesorintheDistrictofColumbia,orbetweenanysuchterritoryand—

(I)anothersuchterritory;or

(II)anyStateorforeignnation;or

(iii)betweentheDistrictofColumbiaandanyState,territory,orforeignnation;but(B)doesnotincludeanynonprofitentitythatwouldotherwisebeexemptfromcoverageundersection5oftheFederalTradeCommissionAct(15U.S.C.45).

(3)COMMISSION.—Theterm"Commission"meanstheFederalTradeCommission.

(4)DISCLOSURE.—Theterm"disclosure"means,withrespecttopersonalinformation—(A)thereleaseofpersonalinformationcollectedfromachildinidentifiableformbyanoperatorforanypurpose,exceptwheresuchinformationisprovidedtoapersonotherthantheoperatorwhoprovidessupportfortheinternaloperationsofthewebsiteanddoesnotdiscloseorusethatinformationforanyotherpurpose;and

(i)ahomepageofawebsite;

(ii)apenpalservice;

(iii)anelectronicmailservice;

(iv)amessageboard;or

(v)achatroom.

(5)FEDERALAGENCY.—Theterm"Federalagency"meansanagency,asthattermisdefinedinsection551

(1)oftitle5,UnitedStatesCode.

(7)PARENT.—Theterm"parent"includesalegalguardian.

(8)PERSONALINFORMATION.—Theterm"personalinformation"meansindividuallyidentifiableinformationaboutanindividualcollectedonline,including—

(A)afirstandlastname;

(B)ahomeorotherphysicaladdressincludingstreetnameandnameofacityortown;(C)ane-mailaddress;

(D)atelephonenumber;

(E)aSocialSecuritynumber;

(F)anyotheridentifierthattheCommissiondeterminespermitsthephysicaloronlinecontactingofaspecificindividual;or

(9)VERIFIABLEPARENTALCONSENT.—Theterm"verifiableparentalconsent"meansanyreasonableeffort(takingintoconsiderationavailabletechnology),includingarequestforauthorizationforfuturecollection,use,anddisclosuredescribedinthenotice,toensurethataparentofachildreceivesnoticeoftheoperator'spersonalinformationcollection,use,anddisclosurepractices,andauthorizesthecollection,use,anddisclosure,asapplicable,ofpersonalinformationandthesubsequentuseofthatinformationbeforethatinformationiscollectedfromthatchild.

(10)WEBSITEORONLINESERVICEDIRECTEDTOCHILDREN.—

(11)PERSON.—Theterm"person"meansanyindividual,partnership,corporation,trust,estate,cooperative,association,orotherentity.

(12)ONLINECONTACTINFORMATION.—Theterm"onlinecontactinformation"meansane-mailaddressoran-othersubstantiallysimilaridentifierthatpermitsdirectcontactwithapersononline.

SEC.1303.REGULATIONOFUNFAIRANDDECEPTIVEACTSANDPRACTICESINCONNECTIONWITHTHECOLLECTIONANDUSEOFPERSONALINFORMATIONFROMANDABOUTCHILDRENONTHEINTERNET.

(a)ACTSPROHIBITED.—

(1)INGENERAL.—Itisunlawfulforanoperatorofawebsiteoronlineservicedirectedtochildren,oranyoperatorthathasactualknowledgethatitiscollectingpersonalinformationfromachild,tocollectpersonalinformationfromachildinamannerthatviolatestheregulationsprescribedundersubsection(b).

(2)DISCLOSURETOPARENTPROTECTED.—Notwithstandingparagraph

(1),neitheranoperatorofsuchawebsiteoronlineservicenortheoperator'sagentshallbeheldtobeliableunderanyFederalorStatelawforanydisclosuremadeingoodfaithandfollowingreasonableproceduresinrespondingtoarequestfordisclosureofper-sonalinformationundersubsection(b)

(1)(B)(iii)totheparentofachild.

(b)REGULATIONS.—

(1)INGENERAL.—Notlaterthan1yearafterthedateoftheenactmentofthisAct,theCommissionshallpromulgateundersection553oftitle5,UnitedStatesCode,regulationsthat—(A)requiretheoperatorofanywebsiteoronlineservicedirectedtochildrenthatcollectspersonalinformationfromchildrenortheoperatorofawebsiteoronlineservicethathasactualknowledgethatitiscollectingpersonalinformationfromachild—

(i)toprovidenoticeonthewebsiteofwhatinformationiscollectedfromchildrenbytheoperator,howtheoperatorusessuchinformation,andtheoperator'sdisclosurepracticesforsuchinformation;and

(ii)toobtainverifiableparentalconsentforthecollection,use,ordisclosureofpersonalinformationfromchildren;

(B)requiretheoperatortoprovide,uponrequestofaparentunderthissubparagraphwhosechildhasprovidedpersonalinformationtothatwebsiteoronlineservice,uponproperidentificationofthatparent,tosuchpar-ent—

(i)adescriptionofthespecifictypesofpersonalinformationcollectedfromthechildbythatoperator;

(ii)theopportunityatanytimetorefusetopermittheoperator'sfurtheruseormaintenanceinretrievableform,orfutureonlinecollection,ofpersonalinformationfromthatchild;and(iii)notwithstandinganyotherprovisionoflaw,ameansthatisreasonableunderthecircumstancesfortheparenttoobtainanypersonalinformationcollectedfromthatchild;

(C)prohibitconditioningachild'sparticipationinagame,theofferingofaprize,oranotheractivityonthechilddisclosingmorepersonalinformationthanisreasonablynecessarytoparticipateinsuchactivity;and

(D)requiretheoperatorofsuchawebsiteoronlineservicetoestablishandmaintainreasonableprocedurestoprotecttheconfidentiality,security,andintegrityofpersonalinformationcollectedfromchildren.

(2)WHENCONSENTNOTREQUIRED.—Theregulationsshallprovidethatverifiableparentalconsentunderparagraph

(1)(A)(ii)isnotrequiredinthecaseof—

(A)onlinecontactinformationcollectedfromachildthatisusedonlytoresponddirectlyonaone-timebasistoaspecificrequestfromthechildandisnotusedtorecontactthechildandisnotmaintainedinretrievableformbytheoperator;

(B)arequestforthenameoronlinecontactinformationofaparentorchildthatisusedforthesolepurposeofobtaingparentalconsentorprovidingnoticeunderthissectionandwheresuchinformationisnotmaintainedinretrievableformbytheoperatorifparentalconsentisnotobtainedafterareasonabletime;

(C)onlinecontactinformationcollectedfromachildthatisusedonlytorespondmorethanoncedirectlytoaspecificrequestfromthechildandisnotusedtorecontactthechildbeyondthescopeofthatrequest—

(i)if,beforeanyadditionalresponseaftertheinitialresponsetothechild,theoperatorusesreasonableeffortstoprovideaparentnoticeoftheonlinecontactinformationcollectedfromthechild,thepurposesforwhichitistobeused,andanopportunityfortheparenttorequestthattheoperatormakenofurtheruseoftheinformationandthatitnotbemaintainedinretrievableform;or

(ii)withoutnoticetotheparentinsuchcircumstancesastheCommissionmaydetermineareappropriate,takingintoconsiderationthebenefitstothechildofaccesstoinformationandservices,andriskstothesecurityandprivacyofthechild,inregulationspromulgatedunderthissubsection;

(D)thenameofthechildandonlinecontactinformation(totheextentreasonablynecessarytoprotectthesafetyofachildparticipantonthesite)—

(i)usedonlyforthepurposeofprotectingsuchsafety;

(ii)notusedtorecontactthechildorforanyotherpurpose;and

(iii)notdisclosedonthesite,iftheoperatorusesreasonableeffortstoprovideaparentnoticeofthenameandonlinecontactinformationcollectedfromthechild,thepurposesforwhichitistobeused,andanopportunityfortheparenttorequestthattheoperatormakenofurtheruseoftheinformationandthatitnotbemaintainedinretrievableform;or

(E)thecollection,use,ordisseminationofsuchinformationbytheoperatorofsuchawebsiteoronlineservicenecessary—

(i)toprotectthesecurityorintegrityofitswebsite;

(ii)totakeprecautionsagainstliability;

(iii)torespondtojudicialprocess;or

(iv)totheextentpermittedunderotherprovisionsoflaw,toprovideinformationtolawenforcementagenciesorforaninvestigationonamatterrelatedtopublicsafety.1815

(3)TERMINATIONOFSERVICE.—Theregulationsshallpermittheoperatorofawebsiteoranonlineservicetoterminateserviceprovidedtoachildwhoseparenthasrefused,undertheregulationsprescribedunderparagraph

(1)(B)(ii),topermittheoperator'sfurtheruseormaintenanceinretrievableform,orfutureonlinecollection,ofpersonalinformationfromthatchild.

(c)ENFORCEMENT.—Subjecttosections1304and1306,aviolationofaregulationprescribedundersubsection(a)shallbetreatedasaviolationofaruledefinganunfairordeceptiveactorpracticeprescribedundersection18(a)

(1)(B)oftheFederalTradeCommissionAct(15U.S.C.57a(a)

(1)(B)).

SEC.1304.SAFEHARBORS.

(a)GUIDELINES.—Anoperatormaysatisfytherequirementsofregulationsissuedundersection1303(b)byfollowingasetofself-regulatoryguidelines,issuedbyrepresentativesofthemarketingoronlineindustries,orbyotherpersons,approvedundersubsection(b).

(b)INCENTIVES.—

(1)SELF-REGULATORYINCENTIVES.—Inprescribingregulationsundersection1303,theCommissionshallprovideincentivesforself-regulationbyoperatorstoimplementtheprotectionsaffordedchildrenundertheregulatoryrequirementsdescribedinsubsection(b)ofthatsection.

(3)EXPEDITEDRESPONSETOREQUESTS.—TheCommissionshallactuponrequestsforsafeharbortreatmentwithin180daysofthefilingoftherequest,andshallsetforthinwritingitsconclusionswithregardtosuchrequests.

(c)APPEALS.—FinalactionbytheCommissiononarequestforapprovalofguidelines,orthefailuretoactwithin180daysonarequestforapprovalofguidelines,submittedundersubsection(b)maybeappealedtoadistrictcourtoftheUnitedStatesofappropriatejurisdictionasprovidedforinsection706oftitle5,UnitedStatesCode.

SEC.1305.ACTIONSBYSTATES.

(a)INGENERAL.—

(1)CIVILACTIONS.—InanycaseinwhichtheattorneygeneralofaStatehasreasontobelievethataninterestoftheresidentsofthatStatehasbeenoristhreatenedoradverselyaffectedbytheengagementofanypersoninapracticethatviolatesanyregulationoftheCommissionprescribedundersection1303(b),theState,asparenspatriae,maybringacivilactiononbehalfoftheresidentsoftheStateinadistrictcourtoftheUnitedStatesofappropriatejurisdictionto—

(A)enjointhatpractice;

(D)obtainsuchotherreliefasthecourtmayconsidertobeappropriate.

(2)NOTICE.—

(A)INGENERAL.—Beforefilinganactionunderparagraph

(1),theattorneygeneraloftheStateinvolvedshallprovidetotheCommission—

(i)writtennoticeofthataction;and

(B)EXEMPTION.—

(i)INGENERAL.—Subparagraph(A)shallnotapplywithrespecttothefilingofanactionbyanattorneygeneralofaStateunderthissubsection,iftheattorneygeneraldeterminesthatitisnotfeasibletoprovidethenoticedescribedinthatsubparagraphbeforethefilingoftheaction.

(b)INTERVENTION.—

(1)INGENERAL.—Onreceivingnoticeundersubsection(a)

(2),theCommissionshallhavetherighttointerveneintheactionthatisthesubjectofthenotice.

(2)EFFECTOFINTERVENTION.—IftheCommissionintervenesinanactionundersubsection(a),itshallhavetheright—

(A)tobeheardwithrespecttoanymatterthatarisesinthataction;and

(B)tofileapetionforappeal.

(3)AMICUSCURIAE.—Uponapplicationtothecourt,apersonwhoseself-regulatoryguidelineshavebeenapprovedbytheCommissionandarerelieduponasadefensebyanydefendanttoaproceedingunderthissectionmayfileamicuscuriaeinthatproceeding.

(c)CONSTRUCTION.—Forpurposesofbringanycivilactionundersubsection(a),nothinginthistitleshallbeconstruedtopreventanattorneygeneralofaStatefromexercisingthepowersconferredontheattorneygeneralbythelawsofthatStateto—

(1)conductinvestigations;

(2)administeroathsoraffirmations;or

(e)VENUE;SERVICEOFPROCESS.—

(1)VENUE.—Anyactionbroughtundersubsection(a)maybebroughtinthedistrictcourtoftheUnitedStatesthatmeetsapplicablerequirementsrelatingtovenueundersection1391oftitle28,UnitedStatesCode.

(2)SERVICEOFPROCESS.—Inanactionbroughtundersubsection(a),processmaybeservedinanydistrictinwhichthedefendant—

(A)isaninhabitant;or

(B)maybefound.

SEC.1306.ADMINISTRATIONANDAPPLICABILITYOFACT.

(a)INGENERAL.—Exceptasotherwiseprovided,thistitleshallbeenforcedbytheCommissionundertheFederalTradeCommissionAct(15U.S.C.41etseq.).

(b)PROVISIONS.—Compliancewiththerequirementsimposedunderthistitleshallbeenforcedunder—

(1)section8oftheFederalDepositInsuranceAct(12U.S.C.18),inthecaseof—(A)nationalbanks,andFederalbranchesandFederalagenciesofforeignbanks,bytheOfficeoftheComptrolleroftheCurrency;

(C)banksinsuredbytheFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation(otherthanmembersoftheFederalReserveSystem)andinsuredStatebranchesofforeignbanks,bytheBoardofDirec-torsoftheFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation;

(2)section8oftheFederalDepositInsuranceAct(12U.S.C.18),bytheDirectoroftheOfficeofThriftSupervision,inthecaseofasavingsassociationthedepositsofwhichareinsuredbytheFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation;

(3)theFederalCreditUnionAct(12U.S.C.1751etseq.)bytheNationalCreditUnionAdministrationBoardwithrespecttoanyFederalcreditunion;

(4)partAofsubtitleVIIoftitle49,UnitedStatesCode,bytheSecretaryofTransportationwithrespecttoanyaircarrierorforeignaircarriersubjecttothatpart;

(5)thePackersandStockyardsAct,1921(7U.S.C.181etseq.)(exceptasprovidedinsection406ofthatAct(7U.S.C.226,227)),bytheSecretaryofAgriculturewithrespecttoanyactivitiessubjecttothatAct;and

(6)theFarmCreditActof1971(12U.S.C.2001etseq.)bytheFarmCreditAdministrationwithrespecttoanyFederallandbank,Federallandbankassociation,Federalintermediatecreditbank,orproductioncreditassociation.

(d)ACTIONSBYTHECOMMISSION.—TheCommissionshallpreventanypersonfromviolatingaruleoftheCommissionundersection1303inthesamemanner,bythesamemeans,andwiththesamejurisdiction,powers,anddutiesasthoughallapplicabletermsandprovisionsoftheFederalTradeCommissionAct(15U.S.C.41etseq.)we