高三英語(yǔ)限時(shí)訓(xùn)練卷4

試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)高三英語(yǔ)限時(shí)訓(xùn)練卷4考試時(shí)間：命題人：審題人：英語(yǔ)組一、閱讀理解Whatmakesawordreal?Whohasthepowertomakethosekindsofofficialdecisionsaboutwords?Thosearethequestionsmanypeoplehaveinmind.Whenmostpeoplesayawordisn’treal,whattheymeanisthatitdoesn’tappearinadictionary.That,ofcourse,raisessomeotherquestions,including,whowritesdictionaries?Now,dictionariesaregoodresources,buttheyarechangeable.Ifyouaskdictionaryeditors,whatthey’lltellyouisthatthey’rejusttryingtokeepupwithpeopleaspeoplechangethelanguage.They’rewatchingwhatpeoplesayandwhatpeoplewriteandtryingtofigureoutwhat’sgoingtostickandwhat’snotgoingtostick.EveryJanuary,dictionaryeditorsgototheAmericanDialectSocietyMeetingeveryyear,whereamongotherthings,theydecideonthewordoftheyear.Thereareabout200or300peoplewhocome.Someofthemarethebestknownlinguists(語(yǔ)言學(xué)家)intheUnitedStates.Inthepast,someofthewinnershavebeen“staycation”todescribeavacationspentathomeand“tweet”todescribeapostmadeonthesocialnetworkingserviceTwitter.Sohowdoesawordgetintoadictionary?Itgetsinbecausepeopleuseitandpeoplekeepusingit,anddictionaryeditorsarepayingattentiontopeople.Ifacommunityofspeakersisusingawordandknowswhatitmeans,it’sreal.Thatwordmightbeinformalandthatwordmightbeawordthatyouthinkisillogical(不合邏輯的)orunnecessary,butaslongaspeopleareusingtheword,itisreal.Ihopethatwhatyoucandoistofindlanguagechangenotannoyingbutfunandinteresting,justthewaydictionaryeditorsdo.Ihopeyoucanenjoybeingpartofthecreativitythatiscontinuallyremakingourlanguageandkeepingitalive.1．Whydodictionarieschangeovertime?A．Speakerskeepchanginglanguage.B．Linguistsoftenmakeupnewwords.C．Dictionaryeditorschangeeveryyear.D．Wordsinthedictionaryareoutofdate.2．Whohastherighttodecidethewordoftheyear?A．Newwordsinventors. B．AmericanOfficials.C．Dictionaryeditors. D．Famouslinguists.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staycation”meaninparagraph3?A．Takingaholidaywhileworking. B．Workingonlineathome.C．Stayingathomeforthemoment. D．Goingonavacationathome.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslanguagechanging?A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Uninterested. D．Confused.二、七選五Thewordaddictionusuallymakesyouthinkofalcoholordrugs,butinmodern-daysocietyweareseeingsomenewkindsofaddictions.Somepeoplearecompulsive(難以自制的)shoppers.Othersfinditimpossibletopullthemselvesawayfromtheirwork.6Overtheyears,shoppinghasbecomeaverycommonactivity.Manypeopleenjoygoingtomallsorstoresmoreandmoreeveryday,butit’smorethanacommonhobbyforsomeofthem.Theyhaveturnedintoshopaholics.7Theyarehookedon(迷上)shoppingandusuallybuythingsthattheydon’tneed.Eventhoughtheydon’thaveenoughmoney,theybuyeverythingtheywant.8Thereisn’taspecificanswer.Somepeoplegoshoppingwhentheyaresad,worried,upsetorlonelyandtheywanttofeelbetter.Theyusethisactivityasawaytoforgettheirproblems.Shopaholicssaythattheyfeelmoreimportantandbetteraftertheybuysomething.Theyalsotendtohavethisaddictionwhentheyfeelguilty.9Someofthemcanbepsychological.Ifthisisthecase,peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelpthembreakthishabit.However,theprocess,likeformostaddictions,islong,andtheysufferalot.10Theyjustthinkaboutsatisfyingtheirfeelings,sotheyspendmoneytheydon’thave.Theygetdeepindebt,andtheycanevengobankrupt(破產(chǎn))andgetsenttoprison.A．Shopaholismseemstobeaharmlessaddiction,butitcanresultinmanyproblems.B．StillothersspendcountlesshourswatchingTVorplayingcomputergames.C．Theyarepeoplewhosimplyenjoyshoppingandwalkingaroundspendingmoneywithoutbeingabletostopdoingit.D．Thequestionis:whydotheyhavethisaddiction?E．Itcanalsocausefinancialproblems.F．Accordingly,theseshopaholicsshouldturntoacertainorganizationforhelpsothattheycanstopcompulsiveshopping.G．Herearesomewaystohelpyoudealwithshoppingaddiction.三、完形填空Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,11canalsodriveyoumad.They’llcomerushingin,12theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.They’ll13thattheyleftitinthechangingroom,createchaos（混亂）andthen14ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethemtokeep15.Irememberthefirstreally16customerwehadatCoventGarden.Shewas17absolutelyeverything,nothingwasrightandIwasrathersurprisedthatshebecamea“regular”.Afterawhile,she18forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflatbyherself,andsinceshe’dfoundittoomuchtocopewith（應(yīng)對(duì)）,she’dtakenitoutonotherpeople.Thattaughtmeavaluable19andIpassitontothepeoplewho20inthemarket.Don’ttakeit21.Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink"Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.Maybeherchild’snot22.”Alwayswateritdownanddon’tletyourego（自我）get23.Ifyoudo,youwon’beableto24itandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthat25everyone’sday.11．A．shopkeepers B．customers C．salespersons D．receptionists12．A．saying B．pretending C．guessing D．replying13．A．a(chǎn)gree B．promise C．imagine D．swear14．A．forget B．decide C．discover D．a(chǎn)ssume15．A．fighting B．smiling C．waiting D．changing16．A．generous B．polite C．careless D．difficult17．A．curiousabout B．displeasedwith C．patientwith D．uncertainabout18．A．searched B．a(chǎn)rgued C．prayed D．a(chǎn)pologized19．A．lesson B．trick C．skill D．trade20．A．work B．shop C．meet D．quarrel21．A．kindly B．secretly C．personally D．casually22．A．ready B．a(chǎn)way C．up D．well23．A．outofsight B．intheway C．behindthescene D．a(chǎn)bovethelaw24．A．stress B．expect C．handle D．blame25．A．ruins B．makes C．starts D．saves四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Aseedbankstoresseedstopreservegeneticdiversity;henceitisatypeofgenebank.Manypeoplemaywonder____36____theseedsarestored.Oneofthemajorreasonsistopreservethegenesthatplantgrowersneedtoincreaseyield(產(chǎn)量),diseaseresistance,droughttolerance,nutritionalquality,andthetasteofcrops.Anotheristoprevent____37____(lose)ofgeneticdiversityinrareorendangeredplantspeciesin____38____efforttoconservebiodiversity.Manyplants____39____(grow)centuriesagobyhumansareusedlessfrequentlynow;seedbanksofferawaytopreservethathistoricalandculturalvalue.Collectionsofseedsstored____40____constantlowtemperatureandlowwaterlevelareguardedagainstreductionofgeneticresourceswhichareotherwisemaintainedinfieldcollections.Thesealternative“l(fā)iving”collectionscan____41____(damage)bynaturaldisasters,outbreaksofdisease,____42____war.Containingvaluableinformationaboutevolvedstrategiestoreduceplantstress,seedbanksareconsideredseed____43____(library),andcanhelptocreategeneticallymodified(調(diào)整過(guò)的)versionsof____44____(exist)seeds.Theworkofseedbanksoftenspandecadesandevencenturies.Mostseedbanksare_____45_____(public)fundedandseedsareusuallyavailableforresearchthatbenefitsthepublic.答案第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)答案第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)參考答案：1．A2．C3．D4．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了語(yǔ)言會(huì)隨著人們的使用而變化，進(jìn)而字典也會(huì)發(fā)生變化，并介紹了新詞是如何進(jìn)入字典的。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Now,dictionariesaregoodresources,buttheyarechangeable.Ifyouaskdictionaryeditors,whatthey’lltellyouisthatthey’rejusttryingtokeepupwithpeopleaspeoplechangethelanguage.”（現(xiàn)在，字典是很好的資源，但它們是可變的。如果你問(wèn)字典編輯，他們會(huì)告訴你，他們只是在努力跟上人們改變語(yǔ)言的步伐。）故可推知，字典的變化是根據(jù)人們語(yǔ)言一直發(fā)生的變化而變化。故選A項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“EveryJanuary,dictionaryeditorsgototheAmericanDialectSocietyMeetingeveryyear,whereamongotherthings,theydecideonthewordoftheyear.”（每年一月，詞典編輯們都會(huì)參加美國(guó)方言協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)議，在那里，他們會(huì)決定年度詞匯。）可知，每年的一月，字典編纂者會(huì)去美國(guó)方言協(xié)會(huì)參加年度會(huì)議，他們會(huì)決定年度詞匯。故選C項(xiàng)。3．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞該句中的“…todescribeavacationspentathome”（用來(lái)形容在家度過(guò)的假期）故可猜測(cè)，staycation為表示“在家度假”的意思。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)Goingonavacationathome“在家里度假”意思一致。故選D項(xiàng)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ihopethatwhatyoucandoistofindlanguagechangenotannoyingbutfunandinteresting,justthewaydictionaryeditorsdo.”（我希望你能做的是發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言的變化不是煩人的，而是有趣的，就像字典編輯所做的那樣。）可知，作者希望你能夠意識(shí)到：語(yǔ)言變化不是令人煩惱的，而是有趣的，所以作者對(duì)于語(yǔ)言變化的態(tài)度是積極的。故選B項(xiàng)。6．B7．C8．D9．A10．E【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了購(gòu)物上癮及其危害。5．上文“Somepeoplearecompulsiveshoppers.Othersfinditimpossibletopullthemselvesawayfromtheirwork.”（有些人是強(qiáng)迫性的購(gòu)物者。其他人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無(wú)法脫離工作）提到了兩種新的成癮類型，B項(xiàng)(還有一些人花無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)看電視或玩電腦游戲)與上文構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，接著介紹一種成癮類型，故選B。6．空處與下文“Theyarehookedonshoppingandusuallybuythingsthattheydon’tneed.”（他們沉迷于購(gòu)物，通常會(huì)買他們不需要的東西）并列，舉例說(shuō)明上文提到的shopaholics（購(gòu)物狂）的具體表現(xiàn)，C項(xiàng)（他們只是喜歡購(gòu)物，到處亂花錢，停不下來(lái)）符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。7．下文“Thereisn’taspecificanswer.”（沒(méi)有一個(gè)具體的答案）表明此處需要提到一個(gè)問(wèn)題，D項(xiàng)（問(wèn)題是：為什么他們會(huì)有這種癮？）符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。8．根據(jù)下文“Someofthemcanbepsychological.Ifthisisthecase,peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelpthembreakthishabit.”（其中一些可能是心理上的。如果是這樣的話，購(gòu)物成癮的人應(yīng)該去找一個(gè)支持小組來(lái)幫助他們改掉這個(gè)習(xí)慣）可知，購(gòu)物上癮也會(huì)帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題，A項(xiàng)（購(gòu)物上癮似乎是無(wú)害的，但它會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多問(wèn)題）符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。9．根據(jù)下文“Theyjustthinkaboutsatisfyingtheirfeelings,sotheyspendmoneytheydon’thave.Theygetdeepindebt,andtheycanevengobankruptandgetsenttoprison.”（他們只是想滿足自己的感受，所以他們會(huì)花掉自己沒(méi)有的錢。他們債臺(tái)高筑，甚至可能破產(chǎn)入獄）可知，購(gòu)物上癮可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題，E項(xiàng)（它還可能導(dǎo)致財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題）符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。11．B12．A13．D14．C15．B16．D17．B18．D19．A20．A21．C22．D23．B24．C25．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者以自身營(yíng)商的經(jīng)歷，向人們傳遞寬以待人并保持樂(lè)觀心態(tài)的重要性。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但就像任何你喜歡的人一樣，客戶也會(huì)讓你發(fā)瘋。A.shopkeepers店主；B.customers顧客；C.salespersons售貨員；D.receptionists接待員。

根據(jù)上文“Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.”和“Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection”可推知，此處應(yīng)表示，但就像任何你喜歡的人一樣，客戶也會(huì)讓你發(fā)瘋。故customers符合語(yǔ)境，為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。11．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會(huì)沖進(jìn)來(lái)，說(shuō)他們的手提包被偷了。A.saying聲稱，說(shuō)；B.pretending假裝；C.guessing猜測(cè)；D.replying回復(fù)。根據(jù)空前的“They’llcomerushingin”和設(shè)空處后的“theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.”及“l(fā)eftitinthechangingroom”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，此處應(yīng)指，顧客們會(huì)沖進(jìn)店里，聲稱自己的手提包被偷了。故saying符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。12．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會(huì)肯定地說(shuō)他們把它忘在更衣室里了，制造了混亂，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)它一直在他們的車?yán)?。A.agree同意；B.promise承諾；C.imagine想象；D.swear肯定的說(shuō)。根據(jù)空處后的“l(fā)eftitinthechangingroom”和“createchaos”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處指顧客們很肯定的說(shuō)他們把手提包落在了更衣室中。故選D項(xiàng)。13．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會(huì)肯定地說(shuō)他們把它忘在更衣室里了，制造了混亂，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)它一直在他們的車?yán)?。A.forget忘記；B.decide決定；C.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.assume假設(shè)，假定。根據(jù)空后處的“ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.”和常識(shí)可知，此處應(yīng)指顧客們很肯定的說(shuō)他們把自己的手提包落在更衣室了，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的包一直在自己的車上。故選C項(xiàng)。14．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道店員會(huì)有多生氣，但是我試著說(shuō)服他們保持微笑。A.fighting戰(zhàn)斗；B.smiling微笑；C.waiting等待；D.changing改變。根據(jù)上文“Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget”店員會(huì)生氣，以及該句中的but轉(zhuǎn)折可推知，此處表示作者會(huì)試著說(shuō)服店員保持微笑。故選B項(xiàng)。15．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我還記得我們?cè)诳莆奶鼗▓@遇到的第一個(gè)難纏的顧客。A.generous慷慨的；B.polite禮貌的；C.careless粗心的；D.difficult難以取悅的，困難的。

根據(jù)下文“nothingwasright”可知，這位顧客很難打交道，故此處描述的應(yīng)該是作者記得自己遇到的第一位真正難打交道的顧客。故選D項(xiàng)。16．考查固定短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：她對(duì)一切都很不滿意，覺(jué)得什么都不對(duì)，我很驚訝她竟然成為了一個(gè)“常客”。A.becuriousabout對(duì)……好奇；B.bedispleasedwith

對(duì)……不滿意；C.bepatientwith對(duì)……有耐心；D.beuncertainabout對(duì)……感到不確定。根據(jù)句意以及該句中的“nothingwasright”可推知，此處為表示這位顧客對(duì)一切都很不滿意，覺(jué)得什么都不對(duì)。故選B項(xiàng)。17．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，她為自己一開(kāi)始的行為道歉。A.searched

尋找；B.argued爭(zhēng)論；C.prayed祈禱；D.apologized道歉。根據(jù)上文“shebecamea“regular””和設(shè)空處后的“thewayshebehavedatthebeginning.”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，此處應(yīng)表示，過(guò)了一短時(shí)間，她為自己一開(kāi)始的行為道歉。apologized意為“道歉”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。18．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這給我上了寶貴的一課，我把它傳授給了在商場(chǎng)上工作的人。A.lesson課，道理；B.trick技巧；C.skill技能；D.trade貿(mào)易。根據(jù)該句中的“taughtmeavaluable”以及下文“andIpassitontothepeoplewho10inthemarket.”可推知，此處為這位顧客的行為給作者上了寶貴的一課，作者把它傳授給了在市場(chǎng)上工作的人。故選A項(xiàng)。19．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這給我上了寶貴的一課，我把它傳授給了在商場(chǎng)上工作的人。A.work工作；B.shop商店；C.meet遇見(jiàn)；D.quarrel吵架。根據(jù)句意以及該句中的“inthemarket”，結(jié)合前文的shopstaff以及作者講述自己作為商人的經(jīng)歷可知，此處應(yīng)指作者要把自己學(xué)到的這一經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳授給在商場(chǎng)工作的人。故選A項(xiàng)。20．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：別把它放在心上。A.kindly親切地；B.secretly秘密地；C.personally就個(gè)人而言，當(dāng)面地，直接地；D.casually隨便地。根據(jù)下文“Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink"Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.”可知，如果一個(gè)顧客很粗魯或者很難相處，你就想“也許她和她丈夫吵架了?！庇纱丝赏浦?，此處應(yīng)指，不要因?yàn)閯e人的言行針對(duì)自己而不快。takesthpersonally意為“因?yàn)槟橙说难孕嗅槍?duì)自己而不快”。故選C項(xiàng)。21．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：也許她的孩子不舒服。A.ready已完成；B.away離開(kāi)；C.up向上；D.well好的，狀況好的。根據(jù)上文提到的不要往心里去，以及后面提到的解釋原因，可知，此處應(yīng)為另一個(gè)讓你不要往心里去的原因，即可能她的孩子不舒服。故選D項(xiàng)。22．考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要讓你的自我妨礙你。A.outofsight

看不見(jiàn)的；B.intheway擋路，妨礙；C.behindthescene幕后；D.abovethelaw在法律之上。根據(jù)句意以及上文“Alwayswateritdown”可推知，此處為表示一定要淡化它，不要讓你的自我妨礙你。故選B項(xiàng)。23．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你這樣做，你將無(wú)法處理它，整個(gè)事情發(fā)展成一個(gè)不愉快的場(chǎng)景，這毀了每個(gè)人的一天。A.stress強(qiáng)調(diào)；B.expect期望；C.handle處理；D.blame責(zé)備。根據(jù)下文“andthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantscene”可知，此處應(yīng)指，如果你讓自我占據(jù)上風(fēng)，你就無(wú)法處理好它，整件事就會(huì)演變成讓人不愉快的事件，毀了每個(gè)人一天的心情。故選C項(xiàng)。24．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你這樣做，你將無(wú)法處理它，整個(gè)事情發(fā)展成一個(gè)不愉快的場(chǎng)景，這毀了每個(gè)人的一天。A.ruins破壞，毀掉；B.makes制造，使得；C.starts開(kāi)始；D.saves挽救。根據(jù)空前的“thewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantscene”可推知，此處為表示整件事演變成不愉快的事件后會(huì)毀了大家一天的心情。故選A項(xiàng)。26.why27.loss28.an29.grown30.at31.bedamaged32or33.libraries34.existing35.publicly【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了“種子銀行”?！?6題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：許多人可能想知道為什么要儲(chǔ)存種子?！癬___1____theseedsarestored”在句中作動(dòng)詞wonder的賓語(yǔ)從句，設(shè)空處在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)下文“Oneofthemajorreasonsistopreservethegenesthatplantgrowersneedtoincreaseyield(產(chǎn)量),diseaseresista