高中英語名詞性從句詳細講解

高中英語名詞性從句詳細講解第一頁，共44頁。請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主從)(同位語從句)(賓從)(表從)(同位語從句)(定從)(主從)第一頁第二頁，共44頁。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞：that（無意義，不充當任何成分，一般不省略（除了充當動詞后面的賓語從句的連詞可?。﹚hether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當任何成分

第二頁第三頁，共44頁。連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever連接副詞：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分

第三頁第四頁，共44頁。在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that，whether;代詞：who,what,which;副詞：when,where,how,why等.1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)主語從句第四頁第五頁，共44頁。1.It+be+形容詞＋that從句Itisnecessary/important/obviousthat…2.It+be+-ed分詞＋that從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信…Itisknowntousallthat….眾所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已經(jīng)決定……3.It+be+名詞＋that從句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識Itisasurprisethat….令人驚奇的是…Itisafactthat……事實是……4.It+不及物動詞＋that從句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……第五頁第六頁，共44頁。在下列主語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange…)that…Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired...)that…

第六頁第七頁，共44頁。主語從句中的“主謂一致”：1.主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.Thattheywillcome_______certain.2.What引導(dǎo)主語從句時,主句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.Whathewants______thesebooks.Whathewants______somewater.注意isareis第七頁第八頁，共44頁。1_________intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount..(2005上海)A.WhatisrequiredB.Whatrequires

CItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_______ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2006北京)A.ThisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis3.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_______ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(2004上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how

Exercises第八頁第九頁，共44頁。

賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。1.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.

2.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.賓語從句(作動詞的賓語)(作介詞的賓語)(作形容詞的賓語)第九頁第十頁，共44頁。1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.第十頁第十一頁，共44頁。注意：在suggest,advise,recommend,propose;require,request,demand;order,commend;insist;desire,urge等表示建議、要求、命令、堅持等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+動詞原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。記錄第十一頁第十二頁，共44頁。2.用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時；c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時；d.從句后有“ornot”時；e.后接動詞不定式時。

記錄第十二頁第十三頁，共44頁。Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?第十三頁第十四頁，共44頁。賓語從句中的“時態(tài)呼應(yīng)”與“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”

若主語是第一人稱，主句謂語動詞為think,

consider,

suppose,

believe,

expect,

guess,

imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：

Hetoldmethathe____________hisjob.(已經(jīng)完成了工作)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)否定轉(zhuǎn)移我認為他不會來這里.Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()hadfinished注意第十四頁第十五頁，共44頁。4.注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。例如：Iknow(that)hestudiesEnglisheveryday.Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.Iknow(that)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.

第十五頁第十六頁，共44頁。當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．第十六頁第十七頁，共44頁。賓語從句中用it作形式賓語Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語時，一般用it來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補后面。我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.記錄第十七頁第十八頁，共44頁。Exercises:“it”作形式主語或形式賓語：1.Ihate____

whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull．A.it

B.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit

____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB.thatC．if

D．for4Willyouseeto____thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.we B.yourself C.it D.them

ABBC特別提醒：like,love,dislike,hate,appreciate,seeto,dependon,relyon后面一般不直接跟賓語從句，而要加上it作形式賓語，注意固定搭配，如：makeitarule…,takeitforgrantedthat…等。記錄第十八頁第十九頁，共44頁。在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語.引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣表語從句1.問題是我們和他已失去聯(lián)系.2.這就是亨利怎么解決這個問題的.3.天看起來要下雨了.Theproblemis_________________________________Thisis____________________________.Itlooks____________________________.thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.howHenrysolvedtheproblem.asifitisgoingtorain.第十九頁第二十頁，共44頁。需要注意的，當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.第二十頁第二十一頁，共44頁。在句中起同位語的作用.一般放在名詞fact,news,

idea,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth等之后,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that(不能省)；少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等.1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.同位語從句第二十一頁第二十二頁，共44頁。在句中起同位語的作用.一般放在名詞fact,news,

idea,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth等之后,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that(不能省)；少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等.1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.同位語從句第二十二頁第二十三頁，共44頁。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略；

that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。

Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）

第二十三頁第二十四頁，共44頁。Exercises1.Doris’successliesinthefact________sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(2006上海春季)A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why2.Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?(2005遼寧)A.thatB.whatc.asD.which3.Thereisafeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever.(2002上海)A.thatB.whichc.ofwhichD.what4.Informationhasbeenputforward_______moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as第二十四頁第二十五頁，共44頁。(1)Theywanttoknow_____dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey B.whattheycan C.howtheycan D.howcanthey(2)Canyoumakesure_____thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput(3)SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_____.A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitisBCI.語序問題考點歸納D歸納

在名詞性從句中，除了連詞在從句之首外，其它部分應(yīng)用________的語序。陳述第二十五頁第二十六頁，共44頁。II.用if或whether填空1.Idon’tknow_______I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIfa.主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面的賓語從句只能用________，不能用if；b.后面緊跟ornot時,用___________.歸納whetherwhether第二十六頁第二十七頁，共44頁。III.that

與whether/if的選擇：(1)_____knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.What B.Where C.If D.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_____oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.that B.either C.whether D.when(3)Idoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt____________hewillcomesoon?DCwhether/ifthatthat表示是否時用__________,表示肯定時用_______歸納whether/ifthat第二十七頁第二十八頁，共44頁。1._________Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2.___________theearthisroundisknowntousall.3.______hewontheracewas______weexpected.that:what:_______只起連接作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，沒有詞義_______起連接作用，且在從句中充當主語，賓語或表語，表示“所……的”。ThatWhatThatwhat歸納Ⅳ.that，what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別第二十八頁第二十九頁，共44頁。Ⅴ.what&whateverwho&whoeverwhich&whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別1.___________isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2.__________weneedismoretime.3.___________madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4.___________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoever___________________等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，相當于名詞后加一個定語從句，而________引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句含有疑問意義;what則視句意來定。Whoever,whateverWho,第二十九頁第三十頁，共44頁。1.It'sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.which B.that C.whatever D.allwhat2.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo_______Icantosavethem.which B.that C.whateverD.allwhat3._____kills,sellsoreatswildanimalsorbirds,istoblame.Anyone B.Anyonewho C.Thosewho D.ThoseBCCExercises第三十頁第三十一頁，共44頁。Ⅵ.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：Hesuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.

Itwassuggestedthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.

Hissuggestionwasthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting(should)beheldimmediately.

表示建議,請求,命令,要求,堅持等的名詞性從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣.歸納第三十一頁第三十二頁，共44頁。2.在主語從句中用來表示驚奇,不相信,惋惜,理應(yīng)如此等,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣(should)+do,常用句型有1)Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)……that……2)Itisapity(ashame,nowonderetc,)……that……e.g.Itisstrangethatshe(should)thinkso.第三十二頁第三十三頁，共44頁。試區(qū)分以下句子Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?注意：1.如果是定語從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當成分的；而同位語從句中的that只起連接作用。2.定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語從句則解釋說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。(同從)(定從)第三十三頁第三十四頁，共44頁。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中不做任何成分，也沒有具體的意義。其他連接詞在引導(dǎo)從句時都做相應(yīng)的成分并有具體的意思。

That

they

are

good

at

English

is

known

to

us

all.The

problem

is

that

we

don’t

have

enough

moneyShe

expressed

the

hope

that

they

would

come

to

China

one

day.1.)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。Ⅶ.that不能省略的情況第三十四頁第三十五頁，共44頁。2).It做形式賓語的賓語從句：Idon’tthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishloudly.3).并列賓語從句中，從第二個賓語從句開始都不可省Hetoldme(that)hisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtomakealivingalone.4).當that賓語從句中狀語部分位與從句前部時，Tellhimthatifhecomestomorrow,pleasecallme.第三十五頁第三十六頁，共44頁。5).當that前有插入語時Tomdidn’tknow,I’msure,thathissisterwasgoingtoJapan.6).當that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。

The

reason

lies

in

that

she

works

harder

than

the

others

do.

第三十六頁第三十七頁，共44頁。Ⅷ.疑問詞

+

ever和no

matter

+

疑問詞的區(qū)別：

①疑問詞

+

ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當一定的成分。

Whoever

breaks

the

rule

must

be

punished.

You

can

choose

whatever

you

like

in

the

shop.

②疑問詞

+

ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：

Whoever

breaks

the

rule,

he

must

be

punished,

Whatever

you

do,

you

must

do

it

well.

③no

matter

+

疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

No

matter

what

you

do,

you

must

do

it

well.

No

matter

who

breaks

the

rule,

he

must

be

punished.

Nomatter+疑問詞可換成疑問詞+ever第三十七頁第三十八頁，共44頁。1.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;becauseCCDConsolidation:第三十八頁第三十九頁，共44頁。4.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangeher