Lecture范疇詞的翻譯課件

一、范疇詞的概念2023/9/191具有概括意義;表示人或事物分類范疇的詞語;常用在具體詞的后面,對其進行分類總括,以便與其它詞語搭配.漢語里有些“范疇詞”，其本身沒有什么

具體含義，只是重復地概括已表達的意思，但它們在漢語語法上卻是不可缺少的詞，

如“環(huán)境”、“工作”、“狀態(tài)”、“時期”、“歷史”、“情況”、“因素”等。這類詞語表明事物的范疇或?qū)傩?，大多沒

有實質(zhì)內(nèi)容。若把他們搬到英語中勢必冗

余過多，因此應該把他們省略不譯。2023/9/192干熱環(huán)境dry

heat計劃生育工作family

planning落后狀態(tài)backwardness中國的現(xiàn)代化建設China’s

modernization促進和平統(tǒng)一事業(yè)promote

peaceful

reunification2023/9/193二.

范疇詞的分類2023/9/1941.名詞性范疇詞工作,事業(yè),關系,行為,因素,性質(zhì),局勢,態(tài)度1)計劃工作中的嚴重失誤a

serious

mistake

in

(the

work

of

)

planning經(jīng)濟領域的改革reforms

in

(the

sphere

of

)

theeconomy我們必須反對鋪張浪費行為.We

must

oppose

(

the

practice

)

of

extravagance.2023/9/195這些困難的性質(zhì)是暫時的.These

hardships

are

temporary

(

innature).我們要重視沿海與內(nèi)地貧富差距問題。We

must

pay

close

attention

to

(the

problem

of)the

gap

between

coastal

and

inlandareas.2023/9/196中國與其它國家的密切合作關系

(the

relationship

of)close

cooperationbetween

China

and

othercountries加快經(jīng)濟改革步伐to

accelerate

(the

pace

of

)economic

reform2023/9/1978)各級政府必須解決提高工作效率的問題。

A:Governments

at

all

levels

must

solve

theproblem

of

raising

workingefficiency.2023/9/198B:

Governments

at

all

levels

must

increaseworking

efficiency.2.動詞性范疇詞2023/9/1991）采取……辦法我們的部隊采取了緩慢前進的辦法.Our

troops

used

the

method

of

slow

advance.

（F）Our

troops

advanced

slowly.

（T）2）為做到這一點,將采取逐步過渡的辦法.In

order

to

accomplish

this,an

approach

ofgradual

transition

will

be

adopted.

（F）We

shall

accomplish

this

by

a

gradualtransition.

（T）2023/9/1910發(fā)揮……功能,起到……作用3)這項措施將對投機倒把活動起到限制作用.This

measure

will

have

a

restrictive

effect

onthe

activities

of

speculators.

（F）This

measure

will

restrict

the

activitiesofspeculators.

（T）2023/9/1911實現(xiàn)(達到)……目標(目的)4）沒有達到攻占長沙的目標.The

target

of

capturing

Changsha

failedto

be

achieved.

（F）They

failed

to

capture

Changsha.

(T)2023/9/1912采取……態(tài)度5）我們必須采取"知之為知之,不知為不知"的態(tài)度.In

all

matters

we

must

assume

the

attitude

ofadmitting

what

we

know

and

do

notknow.（F）We

should

always

be

ready

to

admit

what

weknow

anddonot

know.

（T）2023/9/1913三、漢語范疇詞英譯方法2023/9/19141.省譯使表達抽象化1)如果我們不對兒童進行教育的話，那就要使他們淪入世世代代的愚昧狀態(tài)。Not

to

educate

the

children

is

tocondemnthem

to

repetitious

ignorance.2)

朋友們聽到瑪麗家的困難情況之后，都主動向她伸出援助之手。Mary’s

friends

offered

her

a

helping

handafter

they

heard

about

her

family

difficulty.3）各地領導部門要努力開拓就業(yè)門路。Local

authorities

should

work

hard

to

createjobs.2023/9/19152.轉(zhuǎn)譯法使表達抽象化2023/9/19161）交出翻譯之前，必須讀幾遍，看看有沒有修改的地方。Before

handing

in

your

translation,

youhave

to

read

it

over

and

over

again

and

seeif

there

isanythingin

it

to

be

corrected

orimproved.2)

我們應了解彼此的生活情況，建立人與人之間友誼的紐帶。We

should

share

the

texture

of

our

dailylives

and

forge

the

human

bonds

offriendship.living

conditions:生活條件texture:怎樣生活或生活得如何2023/9/1917四、英語抽象名詞的漢譯2023/9/19181.范疇化英譯漢時可以使英語抽象的概念具體化，根據(jù)具體的語境加上“方法”、“現(xiàn)象”、“局勢

”、“狀態(tài)”、“情況”、“政策”、“做法”、“習俗”、“精神”、態(tài)度”：“問題”等范疇詞，使譯文含義清晰，行文流暢。It

is

enough

to

shatter

complacency.足以打破自滿情緒。We

have

winked

at

these

irregularitiestoo

long.我們對這些越軌行為寬容得太久了。2023/9/1919He

was

described

as

impressed

byDeng’s

flexibility.據(jù)說他對鄧的靈活態(tài)度印象很深。What

they

wanted

most

was

an

end

ofuncertainties.他們最渴望的就是結(jié)束這搖擺不定的局面。2023/9/1920He

discussed

greatness

and

excellence.他探討了偉大和杰出的涵義。He

spoke

with

firmness,

but

his

facewas

very

sad

and

his

eyes

at

times

weredim.他講話時，態(tài)度堅定，但面帶愁容，時而眼神黯淡。2023/9/19217)

This

is

the

day

for

our

two

peoples

to

rise

tothe

heights

of

greatness

which

can

build

anew

and

a

better

world.現(xiàn)在該是我們兩國人民為締造一個嶄新的、更加美好的世界而攀登這一偉大境界高峰的時候了。2023/9/19228）

stillnessconfusionmeasurementpurificationrepetitionmanagementcalculationaccommodationjointsaturationpreparationremediesmodification2023/9/1923靜止→靜止狀態(tài)混亂→混亂局面測量→測量方法凈化→凈化過程重復→重復現(xiàn)象管理→管理方式計算→計算方法住宿→住宿問題連接→連接部分飽和→飽和狀態(tài)準備→準備工作補救→補救措施修改→修改方案2.譯抽象名詞時增加另一個抽象名詞在抽象名詞后面跟上另一個抽象名詞來加強語氣，強調(diào)說明前一個名詞，兩個名詞互相解釋。1）Use

your

intelligence,

and

you're

sureto

achieve

something.發(fā)揮你的聰明才智,你一定能取得成就。2023/9/19242）2023/9/1925zealousnessthoughtmoralitypridetediousnesscontemptibilitysilenceleisurecalmnesscautiousness熱情→熱情大方思想→思想意識道德→道德品質(zhì)驕傲→驕傲自大枯燥→枯燥無味卑鄙→卑鄙無恥沉默→沉默寡言閑情→閑情逸致坦然→坦然自若謹慎→謹慎小心3.

譯名詞復數(shù)時增加表示門類、數(shù)量概念的詞可數(shù)名詞是復數(shù)形式時，可根據(jù)具體情況增加表示門類、數(shù)量概念的詞。這些概念詞常是“們、一些、許多、這些、那些、各種、各類、各項、幾個”等。1）We

admire

him

for

the

way

in

which

hefaces

hisdifficulties.我們贊賞他面對各種困難的做法。2023/9/19262）activitiessamplestypesproblemscontradictionsbookssizescontentstargetscircumstancescauses2023/9/1927活動→各種活動樣品→各種樣品型號→各種型號問題→這些問題矛盾→這些矛盾書籍→各類書籍尺寸→各類尺寸內(nèi)容→各項內(nèi)容指標→各項指標情況→種種情況原因→種種原因4.用動詞取代抽象名詞2023/9/19281）I

marveled

at

the

relentless

determinationof

the

rain.雨無情地下個不停，我感到驚異。

He

had

surfaced

with

lessvisibilityin

the

policydecisions.在決策過程中，他已經(jīng)不那么拋頭露面了。High

blood

pressure

is

a

contradiction

for

this

drug.高血壓患者忌服此藥。5.

用具體的詞語闡釋抽象的詞義2023/9/1929The

stars

twinkled

in

transparent

clarity.星星在清澈的晴空中閃爍。No

country

should

claim

infallibility.任何國家都不應該自稱一貫正確。She

wondered

whether

her

outspokeness

might

be

aliability

to

Franklin.她懷疑自己那么心直口快，是否會成為弗蘭克林的包袱。4).This

rambling

propensity

strengthened

withyears.