動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞。feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watchTheteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.琴聲悠悠550字1let的用法1)當(dāng)let后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可用不帶to的不定式。Theyletthestrangego.--->Thestrangewasletgo.若let后賓補(bǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，let通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而用allow或permit代替。Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.---->Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.短動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore..表示"據(jù)說(shuō)"或"相信"的詞組believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understandItissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō)Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議Itistakengrantedthat…被視為當(dāng)然Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家決定Itmustberememberthat…務(wù)必記住的是ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.4不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動(dòng)詞;raise,seat是及物動(dòng)詞。(錯(cuò))Thepricehasbeenrisen.(對(duì))Thepricehasrisen.(錯(cuò))Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(對(duì))Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(錯(cuò))Thepricehasraised.(對(duì))Thepricehasbeenraised.(錯(cuò))Pleaseseat.(對(duì))Pleasebeseated.要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：帶同源賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(對(duì))Shelikestoswim.(錯(cuò))Toswimislikedbyher.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…Thebooksellswell.這本書(shū)銷路好。Thisknifecutseasily.這刀子很好用。2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,buildIwastoblamefortheaccident.Muchworkremains.在need,require,want,worth(形容詞),deserve后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.Thisroomneedscleaning.這房間應(yīng)該打掃一下。Thisbookisworthreading.這本書(shū)值得一讀。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：makesb.heard/understood(使別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarriesHeisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他于一所有名的大學(xué)。注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.都可。Hemarriedarichgirl.Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.need/want/require/worth注意：當(dāng)need,want,require,worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動(dòng)。Yourhairwantscutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要沖洗。Thebookisworthreading.這本書(shū)值得一讀。典型例題Thelibraryneeds,butit'llhave