密題沖刺二英語一試卷

Directions：

SectionIUseofEnglish

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDon

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaroundus.Whenhumansfirst1,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.

Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesuswithan6languageabilitynotfoundinlowerorganisms.7ofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,

9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Therefore,therearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment.

Currentreviewsofinnatenesstheoryare11.However,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyina17.Childrenwhohavebeenisolatedfromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.

1.[A]evolved

[B]born

[C]produced

[D]originated

2.[A]perfect

[B]favorite

[C]valuable

[D]appropriate

3.[A]evolution

[B]perfection

[C]feasibility

[D]attainments

4.[A]reliable

[B]responsible

[C]available

[D]accessible

5.[A]confirm

[B]inform

[C]claim

[D]acknowledge

6.[A]innate

[B]instinctive

[C]internal

[D]inherent

7.[A]Rivals

[B]Propagandists

[C]Agitators

[D]Proponents

8.[A]potential

[B]preference

[C]affection

[D]passion

9.[A]like

[B]as

[C]similarto

[D]unlike

10.[A]psychological

[B]emotional

[C]biological

[D]ideological

11.[A]mixed

[B]favorable

[C]identical

[D]unanimous

12.[A]Indeed

[B]Inshort

[C]Inotherwords

[D]Inaway

13.[A]thehigher

[B]thelower

[C]standard

[D]various

14.[A]disclosed

[B]revealed

[C]immersed

[D]exposed

15.[A]charters

[B]regulations

[C]rules

[D]constitutions

16.[A]Because

[B]Incase

[C]Although

[D]If

17.[A]sense

[B]vacuum

[C]galaxy

[D]hurry

18.[A]comparison

[B]interaction

[C]exposition

[D]fascination

19.[A]manipulation

[B]inheritance

[C]interpretation

[D]acquisition

20.[A]Forexample

[B]Inshort

[C]Aboveall

[D]Asaresult

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

WhydidtheUnitedStatesbecometheleadingeconomicpowerofthe20thcentury?ThebestshortansweristhataferociousbeliefthatpeoplehavethepowertotransformtheirownlivesgaveAmericansanunparalleledcommitmenttoeducation,hardworkandeconomicfreedom.

America’sedgeboostedproductivityandgrowth.Butthehappyeraendedaround1970whenAmerica’seducationalprogressslowedtoacrawl.Between1975and1990,educationalattainmentsstagnatedcompletely.Sincethen,progresshasbeenmodest.America’sleadoveritseconomicrivalshasbeenentirelyforfeited,withmanynationssurgingaheadinschoolattainment.

Thisthreatensthecountry’slong-termprospects.Italsowidensthegapbetweenrichandpoor.GoldinandKatzdescribearacebetweentechnologyandeducation.Thepaceoftechnologicalchangehasbeensurprisinglysteady.Inperiodswheneducationalprogressoutpacesthischange,inequalitynarrows.Themarketisfloodedwithskilledworkers,sotheirwagesrisemodestly.Inperiods,likethecurrentone,wheneducationalprogresslagsbehindtechnologicalchange,inequalitywidens.Therelativelyfewskilledworkerscommandhigherprices,whilethemanyunskilledoneshavelittlebargainingpower.

In“Schools,SkillsandSynapses,”Heckmanprobesthesourcesofthatdecline.It’snotfallingschoolquality,heargues.Norisitprimarilyashortageoffundingorrisingcollegetuitioncosts.Instead,Heckmandirectsattentionatfamilyenvironments,whichhavedeterioratedoverthepast40years.Heckmanpointsoutthatbiggapsineducationalattainmentarepresentatage5.Somechildrenarebathedinanatmospherethatpromoteshumancapitaldevelopmentand,increasingly,morearenot.By5,itispossibletopredict,withdepressingaccuracy,whowillcompletehighschoolandcollegeandwhowon’t.

I.Q.matters,butHeckmanpointstoequallyimportanttraitsthatstartandthenbuildfromthoseearlyyears:motivationlevels,emotionalstability,self-controlandsociability.Heusescommonsensetointuitwhatthesetraitsare,butonthissubjecteconomistshavealottolearnfromdevelopmentalpsychologists.Ipointtothesetworesearchprojectsbecausetheskillsslowdownisthebiggestissuefacingthecountry.

Thereisabigdebateunderwayoverthesourcesofmiddle-classeconomicanxiety.Somepopulistsemphasizethedestructiveforcesofglobalization,outsourcingandpredatorycapitalism.Thesepeoplesayweneedradicallabormarketreformstogivetheworkingclassachance.ButthepopulistsaregoingtohavetograpplewiththeGoldin,KatzandHeckmanresearch,whichpowerfullybuttressestheargumentsofthosewhoemphasizehumancapitalpolicies.It’snotglobalizationorimmigrationorcomputersthatwideninequality.It’stheskillsgap.Boostingeducationalattainmentatthebottomismorepromisingthantryingtoreorganizetheglobaleconomy.

Thesentence“America’sleadoveritseconomicrivalshasbeenentirelyforfeited”inparagraph2meansthat

Americahasbeendeprivedofitsleadershipovertheothersineducation.

Americahassurpassedallothercountriesineconomy.

Americagoesaheadmoresteadilyandsurelythanitscompetitorsineducation.

Americaistheleadingcountryovertheothercountriesinschooling.

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

America’sfastgrowthresultedfromthehardworkandthriftinessofitspeople.

TheeducationofskilledworkershasmetwithfinancialproblemsinAmericarecently.

TheimprovementineducationinAmericahasbeenstablesincethe1970’s.

Americans’confidenceinchangingtheirlivesmadeAmericatheleadingeconomicpower.

Wemayinferfromthethirdparagraphthat

therecessionofAmericaneconomyenlargesthegapbetweentherichandthepoor.

educationgreatlyinfluencesthefutureofAmericainthelongrun.

itwouldbemoreunequalwheneducationdevelopsfasterthantechnology.

thesalariesofskilledworkerswillincreasesteadilywhenthemarketisfloodedwiththem.

Hickmanthinksfamilyenvironmentsarethemostimportantreasonforthedeclineofskilledworkersbecause

thegreatdifferencesineducationalachievementsareunfoldedatage5.

thefamilyenvironmentshavedegeneratedforseveraldecades.

morechildrenintheworseningfamilyatmospherecan’tachievepropereducation.

theearlyyearsespeciallybefore5shapespeople’skeyqualitiestosucceedinschooling.

Thebesttitleforthetextis

Education—theKeytoaLeadingEconomicPower

TheImportanceofEducationintheEarlyAge

ReasonsfortheDeclineoftheAmericanEconomy

TheRootofAmericanEconomy

Text2

In2002,Microsoftco-founderandphilanthropistPaulAllenaskedahandfulofneuroscientistshowbesthecouldusesomeofhisfortunetoadvancetheirfield.Theresearchersrecommendedthecreationofamapofgeneexpressioninthemousebrain,whichtheysaidwouldcombinewithknowledgegainedfromtheHumanGenomeProjecttoilluminatehowourbrainswork.TheideabecametheinauguralprojectoftheAllenInstituteforBrainScienceinSeattle,Washington;$40millionand4yearslater,themapisnowfinished.

ThecompletionoftheAllenBrainAtlas,announcedthisweek,capsapainstakingeffortthatinvolvedanalyzingmorethan250,000slicesofmousebraintodeterminewhichofthe21,000orsoknowngenesintheanimal’sgenomeareturnedoninthebrain,aswellaswhereandtowhatextent.Theresultisafreelyaccessible,searchabledigitaldatabase.Researchersareecstatic:Theysaythegene-expressionmapwillacceleratethesearchfordrugstotreatpsychiatricillnessesandhelpaddressfundamentalquestionsaboutthedevelopmentandfunctionofdifferentbrainstructures.“SomearecallingittheGoogleofthebrain,”saysJoanneWang,pharmaceuticsresearcherattheUniversityofWashington,Seattle.“Icouldnotthinkofabettertermthanthat.”

Theinterdisciplinaryprojectinvolvedneuroscientistsandgeneticists,aswellasbioinformaticistsandsoftwareengineerswhoworkedonautomatingtheanalysis.“Ittookmorethanayearjusttointegratethemicroscopetothesoftware,”saysAllanJones,thechiefscientificofficeroftheproject.Havingmiceastheobjectofstudyallowedforahighdegreeofexperimentalcontrol,Jonesnotes,notonlyweretheanimalsgeneticallyidentical,buttheywerealsogiventhesamedietandhandledthesamewaytothesameage—56days—beforebraintissuewasdrawnfromthem.

Themapshowsthat80%ofgenesinthemousegenomeareexpressedinthebrain—higherthanthe70%figurethatresearcherspreviouslythought.“Also,roughly25%ofthegenesexpressedinthebrainshowsomekindofregionalrestriction,”Jonessays.Amongthethingsthatthedatasetwillallowresearcherstodo,headds,is“groupcellsinthebrainthathavesimilarpatternsofgeneexpression,whichcouldrevealfunctionallyrelevantbrainstructuresthatarestillunknown.”

Themaphelpsnarrowdownalternativehypothesesquicklyinsteadoftestingthemallthroughhoursoflabwork,saysRoskams.Wanghasfoundthattheatlasaidsherworkonusingmoleculesknownasmembranetransporters,whichferrycargointoandoutofthebrain,todeliverdrugstotargetedbrainareas.Doingthisrequiresunderstandingwhereandhowabundantlydrug-transportergenesareexpressedinthebrain,whichis“notatrivialtaskforindividuallabs,”shesays.“Ihadagraduatestudentworkforalmostawholeyeartomapthebrainexpressionpatternofasingletransportergenediscoveredinourlab.”Now,shecansimplytypeagene’snameintothesiteandclickabuttontoviewitsexpressionprofile.

Accordingtoparagraph1,PaulAllen’sidea[A]wasabouttheestablishmentofamapoftheworld.[B]wasaresearchwithintheHumanGenomeProject.

[C]becamethestartingresearchoftheAllenInstituteforBrainScience.[D]wastousehisfundtoadvancethedesignanddevelopmentofcomputers.

Byreferringtothegene-expressionmap“Googleofthebrain”(Lines6-7,Para.2),theauthorprobablymeans

itcancollectalotofinformationabouttheworldinablink.

itcanquickenthesearchfordrugsthatcanhelptreatbrainillnesses.[C]itisapowerfulnewsearchenginewhichiscomparabletoGoogle.[D]itcanhelpanswerquestionsconcerningpeople’shealth.

Wecanlearnfromparagraph3that

theprojectcalledforthecooperationofspecialistsworkinginmanyfields.[B]ittookmorethanayeartoseparatethemicroscopefromthesoftware.[C]themiceusedintheexperimentsweregeneticallydifferent.

[D]themice’sbraintissuewasdrawnawayhappenedpriortotheirbeinggiventhesamediet.

Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthat

peoplecantesthypothesesthroughhoursoflabwork.[B]membranetransporterscanonlytakecargooutofthebrain.

[C]thewaydrug-transportergenesareexpressedisonlysimplelaboratorywork.[D]peoplecanprovedifferenthypotheseseasilywiththebrainmap.

Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe

PaulAllen’sWiseInvestment.[B]BrainAtlasAdvancingNeurology.[C]GeneCanBeChanged.

[D]ANewSearchEngineComparabletoGoogle.

Text3

Threehoursbyairfromthismetropolisareafewsocietiesofancientlineage:theNicobareseandfiveotherindigenoustribesoftheAndamanandNicobarislands,twoofwhichstillpursueahunter-gathererlifestyle.TheIndiangovernmentisgrapplingwithhowbesttoprotectthesefragilecultures:whethertosharplylimittheircontactwithoutsidersorslowlyintegratethemintomodernsociety.

“Theapproachwetakedoesnotpromotecompleteisolationnordoesitadvocatecompleteintegration,butamiddleground,”saysV.R.Rao,directoroftheAnthropologicalSurveyofIndiainKolkata.“AnypolicyontheAndamanaboriginalgroupsshouldallowthemalargemeasureofindependenceinchoosingtheirownfuture,”addsSitaVenkateswar,asocialanthropologistatMasseyUniversityinPalmerston,NewZealand,whohasstudiedonetribe,theOnge,forseveralyears.

Indeed,thetribesthemselvesarelargelysettingthepaceofintegration.AtoneextremeistheSentineleseoftinyNorthSentinelIslandintheAndamans.Thisgroup,estimatedat100individuals,maybethelastcultureintheworldmaintainingaStoneAgelifestyle,accordingtotheTribalWelfareDepartmentoftheAndamanandNicobarAdministration(ANA).Contactsarevirtuallynil.“WeknowaboutwildtigernumbersinIndiabutdon'tknowtheexactpopulationoftheSentinelese,”saysVishvajitPandya,ananthropologistattheDhirdbhaiAmbaniInstituteforInformationandCommunicationTechnologyinGandhinagar,whohasstudiedtheOngeandtheJarawa.

TheSentinelesepreferisolation.Afriendlycontactoccurred15yearsago,whenanANAteamsailedtotheislandbearinggiftsofcloth,coconuts,andbananas.Butthatoverturewascriticizedbycivilsocietygroupsongroundsthatthetribe,whichhadnotsoughtcontact,shouldbeleftalonetopreventriskssuchasintroduceddiseases.

Since1991,ANAhasenforcedahands-offpolicytowardtheSentinelese.Theonlyexceptionwasamissiontocheckonhowtheyfaredinthe2004tsunami.WhenanIndianAirForcehelicopterflewovertheisland,itwasgreetedwithabarrageofarrowsandturnedback.ThenlastJanuary,twofishersenteredthewatersofNorthSentinelIsland,reportedlytopoachcrabs.Theywereallegedlyslainandburiedinthesand,saysSamirAcharya,presidentoftheSocietyforAndamanandNicobarEcologyinPortBlair,theAndamancapital.PoliceexercisedrestraintbynotpressingchargesorventuringintoSentineleseterritorytoretrievethebodies,Acharyasays.

Butothertribesarereachingout.TheJarawa,oncehostileliketheSentinelese,begantovisitethnicIndiancommunitiesin1998,sometimesseekingmedicalassistance.Theirbenignforaysposeachallengeforthegovernment:Heightenedcontactmayerodetribalculture,whereasahands-offapproachwouldbedifficulttosustainandjustify,particularlywhenmedicalaidissought.ThegovernmenthassinceestablishedahealthoutpostborderingJarawasettlements.

Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theIndiangovernment

setstokeepancientculturesfromcontactingwithoutsiders.[B]planstointegratethemcompletelyintomodernsociety.[C]pressesfornecessaryassistancetobeprovidedtothetribalpeople.[D]wantstomaintainabalancebetweenisolationandintegration.

Thesentence“WeknowaboutwildtigernumbersinIndiabutdon’tknowtheexactpopulationoftheSentinelese.”(Lines4-5,Para.3)showsthat

thenumberofwildtigersiscomparativelyeasytoidentify.

people’sresearcherinterestisinthewildtigersonNorthSentinelIsland.[C]therearefewcontactsbetweentheSentinelesepeopleandtheoutside.[D]thepopulationoftheSentineleseisnumerous.

WhyisthefriendlycontactwiththeSentinelese15yearsagocriticizedbypeople?

Unpredictabledisastermightbebroughttotheisland.[B]Theenvironmentontheislandisdestroyedbytheconduct.

[C]Itisthoughttobeimpolitetovisitthetribalwithoutinformingbeforehand.[D]Theyshouldnotlurethetribalpeoplewithgiftslikecloth,coconuts,etc.

Wecanlearnfromparagraph5that

[A]ANAhasenforcedapolicytohelpthetribalpeopleregularly.[B]therewasnolandingontheislandinitiatedbyANAsince1991.

[C]anIndianAirForcehelicopteroncelandedontheNorthSentinelIsland.[D]twointrudingfishermenwerekilledbytheSentinelese.

Whichofthefollowingisthemostisolatedtribeaccordingtothepassage?

TheNicobarese.[B]TheSentinelese.[C]TheOnge.[D]TheJarawa.

Text4

Thewillingnessofdoctorsatseveralmajormedicalcenterstoapologizetopatientsforharmfulerrorsisapromisingsteptowardimprovingtheratherdisappointingqualityofamedicalsystemthatkillstensofthousandsofinnocentpatientsayearinadvertently.

Foryears,expertshavelamentedthatmedicalmalpracticelitigationisaninefficientwaytodeterlethalordamagingmedicalerrors.Whattheynoticed,simplyputit,isthatmostvictimsofmalpracticeneversue,andthereissomeevidencethatmanypatientswhodosuewerenotharmedbyaphysician’serrorbutinsteadsufferedanadversemedicaloutcomethatcouldnothavebeenprevented.Thedetailsofwhatwentwrongareoftenkeptsecretaspartofasettlementagreement.

Whatisneeded,manyspecialistsagree,isasystemthatquicklybringsanerrortolightsothatfurthererrorscanbeheadedoffandthatcompensatesvictimspromptlyandfairly.Manydoctors,unfortunately,havebeenafraidthatadmittinganddescribingtheirerrorswouldonlyinviteacostlylawsuit.

Now,asdescribedbyKevinSackinTheTimes,ahandfulofprominentacademicmedicalcentershaveadoptedanewpolicyofpromptlydisclosingerrors,offeringearnestapologiesandprovidingfaircompensation.Itappearstosatisfymanypatients,reducelegalcostsandthelitigationburdenand,insomeinstances,helpsreducemalpracticepremiums.HerearesomeexamplesfromcollegesoftheUnitedStates:attheUniversityofIllinois,of37caseswherethehospitalacknowledgedapreventableerrorandapologized,onlyonepatientfiledsuit;attheUniversityofMichiganHealthSystem,existingclaimsandlawsuitsdroppedfrom262inAugust2001to83inAugust2007,andlegalcostsfellbytwo-thirds.

Toencouragegreatercandor,morethan30stateshaveenactedlawsmakingapologiesformedicalerrorsinadmissibleincourt.Thatsoundslikeasensiblestepthatshouldbeadoptedbyotherstatesorbecomefederallaw.Suchlawscouldhelpbringmoreerrorstolight.Patientswhohavebeenharmedbynegligentdoctorscanstillsueformalpractice,usingotherevidencetomaketheircase.

Admittingerrorsisonlythefirststeptowardreformingthehealthcaresystemsothatfarfewermistakesaremade.Butreformscanbemoreeffectiveifdoctorsarecandidabouthowtheywentastray.Patientsseemfarlessangrywhentheyreceiveanhonestexplanation,anapologyandprompt,faircompensationfortheharmtheyhavesuffered.

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

Doctors’confessionofmistakesandapologieshelptobettermedicalcare.

Expertsbelieveitaninefficientwayforpatientstosuefortheirlivery.

Mistreatedpatientsneversueoncesufferanunpreventableadversemedicaloutcome.

Thedetailsofpatients’conditionsareoftenkeptsecret.

Whilemanyspecialtiescallforadisclosuremechanism,somephysiciansareworryingabout

exposuretothemedia

describingtheirmistakesindetails

compensatingvictimspromptlyandfairly

involvementinanexpensivecivilcase

AccordingtoParagraph5,lawsareenactedinmorethan30states

tobeadoptedbyotherstates

tobecomefederallaw

tomakeapologiesformedicalmisconducts

tosparkmedicalpractitionerstoconfessmore

Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthatdoctorsshoulddescribethewaytheymademistakesinorderto

admitmalpracticesfirst

makelessmedicalmistakes

avoidlawsuits

beforgiven

Theauthor’sattitudetowardsdoctors’heartyapologiesmaybesummarizedas

skeptical

indifferent

supportive

intolerable

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThecauseofAlzheimer'sdiseaseisunknown，butvariousstudiessuggestthatitsriskfactorsextendbeyondgenetics．Somestudieshaveassociatedthediseasewithadearthofphysicalactivity．1

Anewstudybolsterstheviewthatbothkindsofinactivityposerisks．Peoplewhohavethememoryloss,confusion,anddisorientationofAlzheimer’sdiseaseinoldageweregenerallylessactivephysicallyandintellectuallybetweentheagesof20and60thatpeoplewhodon’thavethediseasewere,accordingtostudycoauthorRobertP.Friedland,aneurologistatCaseWesternReserveUniversitySchoolofMedicineinCleveland,andhiscolleagues．

Theresearcherscollectedlifestylehistoriesof193Alzheimer'spatientswithanaverageageof73．The

scientistscomparedthesewithdataonacontrolgroupof358people，averageage71，withoutAlzheimer's．Theteamthencalculatedtheamountofleisuretimeeachparticipanthadspentbetweenages20and60on

eachofthreetypesofactivities．Passiveactivitiesincludedwatchingtelevision，talkingonthephone，andgoingtochurch．Thescientistsalsotalliedtimespentonintellectualactivities，suchasreading，knitting，andplayingamusicalinstrument，andonphysicalactivitiesthatincludedgardening，walking，andcompetitivesports．

2

Afterestablishinganaverageoverallactivitylevelforallthestudy'sparticipants，theresearchersdiscoveredthattheAlzheimer'spatientswerenearlyfourtimesaslikelyasthepeoplewithoutAlzheimer’stofallbelowthataverage．Inparticular，thenon-Alzheimer'svolunteershaddevotedmoretimeonaveragebetweenages40and60

tointellectualactivitiesandlesstopassiveonesthanhadthosewhodevelopedthedisease． 3

WhilecertaingeneticfactorsseemtoinfluencethebraindeteriorationassociatedwithAlzheimer's,thesedon'taccountforallcasesofthedisease．Indeed，studiesofgeneticallysimilarpeoplelivinginseparatecountriesshowdivergentratesofAlzheimer'sdisease．

Thenewstudyaccountedfordifferencesineducationandincomebutnotoccupation．Itdoesn'tpointtoacauseofAlzheimer'sorevenpredictwhoreinforcethevalueofremainingphysicallyandmentallyactive,Friedlandsays．Fromanevolutionarystandpoint,peoplearestillphysicallydesignedtobeactivehuntersandgatherers.“Beingacouchpotato,”hesays,“isnotournaturalstate.”

“Intellectualstimulationmayworkthesameway,”hesays．4Someresearcherssuggestthatchallengingthebrainbuildsreservesoffunctionalbraintissuethatprotectpeopleagainstthedisease．

“Thisisaveryintriguingstudybuiltonextremelyrigorousdatacollectionandtabulation.”saysMaryS．Mittelman，anepidemiologistatNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicine．However，shewonderswhysomepeopleareactiveduringtheirmiddleyearswhileothersaren't．5 “Itcouldbeacombinationofboth,”

Friedlandsays．

Theresearcherstabulatedhowmanydifferentpassive，intellectual，orphysicalpursuitseachpersonperformed，hoursspentonthem，andthepercentageofleisuretimedevotedtoeach．

TheresearchersspentalotoftimeinfindingoutthetruecauseofAlzheimer'sdisease，buttheresultswerenotsatisfactory．

TheresearchersreporttheirfindingsintheMarch13ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences．

TheonlysingleactivityinwhichAlzheimer'spatientsonaveragesignificantlyoutperformedtheircounterpartswaswatchingtelevision,Friedlandsays．

OthershavelinkedAlzheimer'sdiseasetoalackofstimulatingbrainwork．

StudiesindicatethatahighereducationallevelmakesapersonlesslikelytodevelopAlzheimer'sdisease．

CoulditbethatasedentarylifestylereallycontributestothedevelopmentofAlzheimer's，ordoestheailmentbeginearlyinlifeandsubtlysteerapersontowardalifestyle?

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Althoughtruthandjusticemaybethemostpowerfulimpulsestoshowmoralcourage,thereareothers.Compassionisoneofthese.Tentativelyitcanbesuggestedthatthisisthemaininfluenceuponthosewhourgetheabolitionofcapitalpunishment.（46）Itisrecognitionofcompassion’spartthatleadstheupholdersofcapitalpunishmenttoaccusetheabolitionistsofsentimentalityinbeingmoresorryforthemurdererthanforhisvictim.ThisisnonsensebutwithitsomeorgansofthepopularPressplayedupontheemotionsoftheirreade