跨文化交際實用教程(全套課件266P)

InterculturalCommunication

跨文化交際實用教程APracticalCoursebookInterculturalCommunication

1Unit1

AnIntroductionUnit1

AnIntroduction23I.WhytakeInterculturalCommunication?Discussion2012-2-163I.WhytakeInterculturalCom31.Warm-upCasePleasediscussthecaseingroupsandmakeacommentonit.ACase:ShowingConcernInChina:XiaoLi(aninterpreter):Youmustbeverytired.You’reold…Catherine(anelderlyAmericanlady):Oh,I’mNOTold,andI’mNOTtired.42012-2-161.Warm-upCasePleasediscuss4CommentWhattheinterpretersaidisquitecourteousinChina.Itmeans,“Ifyouaretired,wecantakealittlerest,sinceyouaregettingoninyears.”Theinterpretergavetheimpressionthathethoughttheelderlyladywouldcollapseanyminuteifshedoesn’trestimmediately.52012-2-16CommentWhattheinterpreters5CommentIntheWest,thereisavalueplacedinbeingyoungthatmanypeopleconsciously,orsubconsciously,arenotwillingtoacceptthattheyaregrowingold.62012-2-16CommentIntheWest,thereis6ThewesternwayofshowingconcernisgenerallydifferentfromtheChineseway.InChina:XiaoLi(aninterpreter):Youmustbeverytired.You’reold…Catherine(anelderlyAmericanlady):Oh,I’mNOTold,andI’mNOTtired.TheChinesewayofshowingconcernisusuallyexpressedbystatement.IntheWest:A:Howareyoudoingnow?Wouldyouliketorest?B:No,notabit.Thewesternwayofshowingconcernismainlydisplayedwithquestion.72012-2-16Thewesternwayofshowingcon7CommentThiscaseclearlyshowsthattranslationisaninterculturalcommunication,whichrequiresthetranslator/interpretertopossessbothEnglishculturalknowledgeandlanguagecompetence.82012-2-16CommentThiscaseclearlyshow892.DifferentattitudestowardsthesameobjectWhenonecoinwaslost…Englishman:Notsurprised,shruggedhisshoulders,goingaway,withoutbeingtroubledbynothing.Americanman:Calledapoliceman,gavehimhistelephonenumber,leftwithachewingguminhismouth.2012-2-1692.Differentattitudestoward910Germanman:Madeamarkwithin100mitersontheground,lookingforthelostcoinwithamagnifyingglass.

Japaneseman:feltsorryforhisowncarelessness,stillblamedhimathome,swearingnottomakesuchasillymistakeagain.2012-2-1610Japaneseman:feltsorryfor1011AgriculturalCulture:worshipland,loveland,dependuponland,stayingatpointwithmovingNomadicCulture:worshipnature,lovenature,dependuponnature,movingfromoneplacetoanother,notfixedatonepoint.BusinessCulture:readytomovefartherandfarther,makingmoreprofitsforshowingthevalueoflife.3.Peopleareculturallydifferent2012-2-1611AgriculturalCulture:worshi1112Ifonly100peopleleftintheglobalvillage1.17speakChinese2.9speakEnglish3.8speakDard4.6speakSpanish5.6speakRussian6.4speakArabic.7.50speakBengaliBangladesh,JapaneseorFrench.2012-2-1612Ifonly100peopleleftin12134.PeoplearereligiouslydifferentChristianity.About21.4billionChristiansintheworld.Bible.Forphilanthropyandequalforeverybody.Islam.Meaningbeingobedient;Muslimsarethosewhoareobedient.Quran.Buddhism.AreyouaBuddhist?Buddhistsaretaughttoliveforkindnessratherthanevils.2012-2-16134.Peoplearereligiouslydi1314Ifonly100peopleleftintheglobalvillage33Christians18Moslems14Hindus16noreligion6Buddhists13differentreligions2012-2-1614Ifonly100peopleleftint14155.PeopleareideologicallydifferentChinesepeopleandAsiansareabitmodest,liveforharmony,tryingtoavoidfacetofaceconflict.Beingcollectivist.Westernersarebeingindividualist,beingequalanddifferent.Itisnoneofmybusiness.2012-2-16155.Peopleareideologically15166.PeopleareraciallydifferentWeareHoposapiens.Generally,thepeopleintheworldareclassifiedintofourmajorraces,thoughnotuniversallyaccepted.White/Caucasian;Mongoloid/Asian;Negroid/Black;Australoid/Brown2012-2-16166.Peopleareraciallydiffe1617Ifonly100peopleleftintheglobalvillage61Asians12Europeans8NorthAmericans5SouthAmericans13Africans1Australasian2012-2-1617Ifonly100peopleleftint1718

Peoplearedifferentthroughouttheworld,culturally,religiously,ideologicallyandracially,actuallydifferentinalmosteveryaspect,thereforewearesupposedtoknowabouttheirdifferencesasmuchaspossible,justforasmoothcommunicationamongtheHomosapiens,thepeopleintheglobalvillage.YouwillmakeitbycomingtoInterculturalCommunication.WhytakeInterculturalCommunication?2012-2-1618Peoplearedifferentt1819

ThePurpose

Thegeneralpurposeofthiscourseistounderstandthewaysinwhichcultureinterrelateswithandeffectscommunicationprocesses.Interculturallearninginvolvesaffectiveandbehavioralprocesses,aswellascognitiveones.Throughoutthiscourse,youwillhavetheopportunitytogainknowledge,skillsandattitudesthatwillincreaseyourinterculturalcommunicationcompetence.

2012-2-1619ThePurposeThegenera1920

TheObjectives

1)Toexploreculturalself-awareness,othercultureawarenessandthedynamicsthatariseininteractionsbetweenthetwo.2)Tounderstandhowcommunicationprocessesdifferamongcultures.3)Toidentifychallengesthatarisefromthesedifferencesininterculturalinteractionsandlearnwaystocreativelyaddressthem.4)Toacquireknowledgeanddevelopskillsthatincreaseinterculturalcompetence.5)TohaveanunderstandingofthemeaningoftheculturesunderstoodbythewesternersandtheeasternersortheChineseandAmericans.2012-2-1620TheObjectives2012-2-162021

TheReasons

1)DevelopmentofScience&Technology2)GlobalizationofEconomy

3)WidespreadImmigration4)DevelopmentofMulticulturalism5)InternationalCommunication6)InterracialCommunication

7)InterethnicCommunicationorminoritycommunication

2012-2-1621TheReasons1)Development21II.WhatIsCulture?222012-2-16II.WhatIsCulture?222012-2-221.DefineculturesyourselfPleasewritedownwhatevercomestoyourmindwhenyouhearorthinkofculture.Next,trytofigureouthowtheyarerelatedtoculture.232012-2-161.DefineculturesyourselfPle23242.DefinitionFinal

1)Cultureisthetotalwayoflifethatagroupofpeopleshares.2)Cultureisasystemofsharedbeliefs,values,customs,behaviors,andartifactsthatthemembersofasocietyusetocopewiththeirworldandwithoneanother,andthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning.2012-2-16242.DefinitionFinal2012-2-124253)CultureisanIntegratedsystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternswhicharecharacteristicofthemembersofasocietyandwhicharenottheresultofbiologicalinheritance.4)Cultureisthedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,meanings,hierarchies,religion,notionsoftime,roles,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.2012-2-16253)CultureisanIntegrated25265)Cultureisthetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,customs,values,behaviors,institutionsandcommunicationpatternsthatareshared,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.2012-2-16265)Cultureisthetotalaccu26273.ElementsofCulture2012-2-16273.ElementsofCulture2012-2274.Culture——ThreeIngredients:artifactsconcepts(beliefs,values,worldviews…)behaviore.g.Whereasthemoneyisconsideredanartifact,thenvalueplacedonitisaconcept,theactualspendingandsavingofthemoneyisbehavior.2012-2-16284.Culture——ThreeIngredient28295.Whatisculturelike?2012-2-16295.Whatisculturelike?202930

CultureLikeanIceberga.Objectiveculture:history,literature,andcustoms.(visible,smallpart)b.Subjectiveculture:feelingsandattitudesaboutthings.(invisible,largepart)2012-2-1630CultureLikeanIceberg2013031culture2012-2-1631culture2012-2-163132

TheCulturalIceberg

2012-2-1632TheCulturalIceberg20132TheIcebergofCulture2012-2-1633TheIcebergofCulture2012-2-3334ObjectiveCulture&SubjectiveCulture1)notionsofmodesty,conceptionofbeauty,idealofchildrearing,relationshipstoanimals2)patternsofsuperior/subordinaterelations,definitionofsin,courtshippractices,conceptionofjustice,incentivestowork,notionsofleadership,tempoofwork,groupdecision-making(3)conceptionofcleanliness,attitudestowardsdependents,theoryofdisease,approachestoproblem-solving,conceptionofstatusmobility,statusdesignationsbasedonage,sex,class,occupation,kinship,etc.(4)natureoffriendship,orderingoftime,conceptof“self”,preferenceforcompetitionorcooperation,bodylanguage,notionsaboutlogicandvalidity,patternsofhandlingemotions客觀、主觀文化

1)finearts,literature,drama,classicalmusic,popularmusic,folkdancing,games,cooking,dress2)eyebehavior,contextualconversationpatterns,socialinteractionrite,facialexpressions2012-2-1634ObjectiveCulture&Subjecti3435CulturalIceberg1）美術(shù)、文學(xué)、戲劇、古典音樂、流行隱喻、民間舞蹈、飲食、服飾2）目光、語境談話方式、社交頻率、面部表情1）謙虛觀念、美的概念、子女撫養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、與動物的關(guān)系2）上下級關(guān)系模式、罪惡的定義、求愛方式、工作的積極性、友誼的性質(zhì)、對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的看法、工作節(jié)奏、集體決策3）整潔的概念、對依賴的態(tài)度、疾病理論、解決問題方法、地位變化看法、因年齡（性別、階級、職業(yè)、親屬關(guān)系等）社會地位的稱謂4）朋友的意義、時間觀念、對“個人”的看法、對競爭和合作的偏愛、肢體語言、對邏輯和信度的概念、控制情感的模式2012-2-1635CulturalIceberg1）謙虛觀念、美的概念、35366.CharacteristicsofCultureCultureisshared.

2)

Cultureislearned.

3)Cultureisbasedonsymbols.符號4)Cultureisintegrated.集成

5)Cultureissubjectivetochange.

6)Cultureisethnocentric種族優(yōu)越感.7)Cultureisadaptive自適應(yīng).2012-2-16366.CharacteristicsofCultu36371)Cultureisshared.

Themembersofacultureshareasetof‘ideals,values,andstandardsofbehaviors’,andthissetofidealsiswhatgivesmeaningtotheirlives,andwhatbondsthemtogetherasaculture.2012-2-16371)Cultureisshared.Th3738Actually,cultureisnotinnate（先天）sensibility,butalearnedcharacteristic.Childrenbeginlearningabouttheirowncultureathomewiththeirimmediatefamilyandhowtheyinteracteachother,howtheydress,andtherituals（儀式）theyperform.Whenthechildrenaregrowinginthecommunity（社區(qū)）,theirculturaleducationisadvanced（先進(jìn)）bywatchingsocialinteractions,takingpartinculturalactivitiesandritualsinthecommunity,formingtheirownrelationshipsandtakingtheirplaceintheculture.2)

Cultureislearned.2012-2-1638Actually,cultureisno3839Inorderfortheculturetobetransmittedfromonepersontothenext,andfromonegenerationtothenext,asystemofsymbolsneedstobecreatedthattranslatestheidealsoftheculture（文化理想

）toitsmembers.Thisisaccomplishedthroughlanguage,art,religionandmoney.3)Cultureissymbolic.2012-2-1639Inorderforthecultureto3940Forthesakeof（為求

）keepingtheculture,functioningallaspectsoftheculturemustbeintegrated.Forexample,thelanguagemustbeabletodescribeallthefunctionswithinthecultureinorderforideasandidealstobetransmittedfromonepersontoanother.Withouttheintegrationoflanguageintothefabric（布，品質(zhì)）oftheculture,confusionanddysfunction（功能障礙

）wouldreign（統(tǒng)治）andtheculturewouldfail.4)Cultureisintegrated.2012-2-1640Forthesakeof（為求）keeping4041Itisnecessarytorecognizethatculturesaredynamicratherthanstatic（靜態(tài)）.Theyareconstantly（經(jīng)常）changingandevolving（演變

）undertheimpactofeventsandthroughcontactwithothercultures.Cultureschangethroughthreemostcommonmechanisms（機制

）:innovation,diffusionandacculturation(calamity).創(chuàng)新，傳播和涵化（災(zāi)難）5)Cultureisdynamic（動態(tài)）2012-2-1641Itisnecessarytorecognize4142Ethnocentrismisthe

beliefthatyourownculturalbackground,includingwaysofanalyzingproblems,values,beliefs,language,andverbalandnonverbalcommunication（語言和非語言溝通）

,iscorrect.Ethnocentristsbelievetheircultureisthecentralcultureandotherculturesareincorrect,ineffective,orquaint（無效，或古樸

）.6)Cultureisethnocentric.2012-2-1642Ethnocentrismisthebelief42

III.CommunicationCanyougivesomeexamplestoexplainthewordcommunication?

Whatiscommunication?432012-2-16III.CommunicationCanyoug431.DefinitionofCommunication

Generallyspeaking,communicationcanbedefinedasadynamic,symbolic,transactionalandcontextualprocess（事務(wù)性和上下文的過程）inwhichpeoplecreatesharedmeaningsormessages.442012-2-161.DefinitionofCommunication442.EightIngredientsofCommunicationbehavioralsourceEncoding（編碼）messagechannelresponderDecoding（解碼）responseFeedback（反饋）2012-2-16452.EightIngredientsofCommuni45IV.WhatisInterculturalCommunication?2012-2-1646跨文化

IV.WhatisInterculturalComm46471.InterculturalCommunicationDefinedInterculturalCommunicationmeanstheexchangeorcommunicationbetweenpeoplewhohavedifferentculturalbackgrounds.

2012-2-16加開機鍵471.InterculturalCommunicati472.ModelofInterculturalCommunication482012-2-162.ModelofInterculturalCommu483.CommentThemoresimilaritiestwoculturesshare,thelessinfluenceculturewillhaveoncommunication.Therefore,thelessmessageswillbechangedduringcommunication.Thelesstheculturesarealike,thegreatertheinfluenceofcultureoncommunicationwillbe,andthemorelikelythemessageswillbechanged.Misunderstandingininterculturalcommunicationoftenariseshere.492012-2-163.CommentThemoresimilaritie494.ModelofInterculturalCommunication50SupposeCultureA:ChinesecultureCultureB:JapanesecultureCultureC:Americanculture2012-2-164.ModelofInterculturalComm50

IfpeoplefromChineseculturegotoJapan,duetothesimilarities

betweenChineseandJapanesecultures,theycancommunicatewithJapanesepeoplewithoutcausingmuchmisunderstanding.Or,peopleoftheJapaneseculturecouldunderstandmostofwhattheysaywithouttheirmessagesbeingalteredtoomuch.However,whenChinesepeoplecommunicatewithAmericanpeople,problemsoftenoccurbecauseChinesecultureandAmericanculturedifferfromeachothergreatly.512012-2-16IfpeoplefromChinesecultur515.BarriersinInterculturalCommunicationLanguagedifferencesNonverbalcommunicationStereotypesCulturalbiasonjudgmentsHighlevelofstress522012-2-165.BarriersinInterculturalC5253V.TheDifferencebetweenChineseandWesternCultures2012-2-1653V.TheDifference2012-2-1653541.TheattitudesbyforeignerstowardsChinesePeopleSavingFace

Hardworking

Formal2012-2-16541.Theattitudesbyforeigne5455TheattitudesbyforeignerstowardsChinesePeopleInsensitivetotime

Tendingtomisunderstand

Beatingaboutthebush2012-2-1655Theattitudesbyforeigners5556TheattitudesbyforeignerstowardsChinesePeopleObeybutnotFollow

BeingdoubtfulBeingcontent2012-2-1656Theattitudesbyforeigners5657TheattitudesbyforeignerstowardsChinesePeopleNeverkissedparents

Shanzaieverywhere2012-2-1657Theattitudesbyforeigners57582.TheattitudesbyChinesetowardsWesternersKissandhuganytimeandanywhere

GoingDutch2012-2-16582.TheattitudesbyChinese5859TheattitudesbyChinesetowardsWesternersBeingpunctual

Mindyourownbusiness

Toofrank2012-2-1659TheattitudesbyChinesetow5960

CC:Manisanintegralpartofnature,complywiththewishesofnature.

(天人合一，順天應(yīng)物)

WC:Manisseparatefromnature,trytoconquerthenature.

(天人相分，征服自然)３．ManandNation2012-2-1660３．ManandNation2012-2-16061

CC:Familyethnicsfirst(家族倫理本位)

WC:Individualsfirst

（個人本位）

ConceptionofFamily2012-2-1661CC:Familyethnicsfi6162

CC:BelieveinharmonyandtheDoctrineoftheMean.

貴和尚中。

WC:Trustinthespiritofreasons.

理性精神。

ManandMan2012-2-1662CC:Believeinharmo6263４．ThewayoflifeIndividualvsGroup2012-2-1663４．ThewayoflifeIndividual6364ThewayofmakingcommentsDirectvsIndirect2012-2-1664ThewayofmakingcommentsDi6465

PunctualityOntimevsLate2012-2-1665PunctualityOntimevsLate6566PersonalRelationshipSimplevsComplex2012-2-1666PersonalRelationshipSimple6667Standinginaqueue

LinevsFan2012-2-1667StandinginaqueueLinevs6768WalkinginastreetonweekendsAfewvsacrowd2012-2-1668Walkinginastreetonweeke6869TimeforashowerInthemorningvsintheevening2012-2-1669TimeforashowerInthemorn6970DailylifeofoldpeopleWithadogvswithachild2012-2-1670DailylifeofoldpeopleWith7071VoiceoftalkinginpublicLowvshigh2012-2-1671VoiceoftalkinginpublicLo7172IdeaofoneselfIndividual-centeredvsgroup-centered2012-2-1672IdeaofoneselfIndividual-ce7273LeadershipEqualvspower2012-2-1673LeadershipEqualvspower20127374Western:small,intimatefamily,retirementhome,theoldareseparated,childrenleaveearly;beingindependentandlookafterthemselves.Parentsneverinterferewiththeirchildrenaffairswhentheyareoldenough.Family2012-2-1674Western:small,intimate7475Oldseparated

Youngindependent2012-2-1675OldseparatedYoungindepe7576Washingtonlefthisofficeandremainedonhisfarmtillhisdeath,refusingtogobackfrequentlytoWhiteHouseforadvice.Thecountyneedsthecivilofficersratherthanthemilitaryofficerwhenitisinpeace.WashingtonandhisCountry2012-2-1676Washingtonlefthisofficea7677

Eastern:extended(relativesincluded),agedstaywithfamily,theoldarerespected,childrenstayuntilmarried;childrencanneverbecompletelyindependentandarechildrenwiththeirparentsaround.2012-2-1677Eastern:extended(relat7778AphotoofafarmfamilyAphotoofBaJin’sFamily2012-2-1678AphotoofafarmfamilyAph7879

western:performanceoriented,littlerotememory,abilitytosolveproblems;practicalcompetenceofrunningabusinessismoreimportant.

Education2012-2-1679western:performanceori7980Eastern:experienceoriented,muchmemorization,themoreexperiencedyouare,themorepopularyouwillbe;youwillberegardedwell-educatedifyoucanrecitesomeancientpoems.2012-2-1680Eastern:experienceoriented8081In1979,oneChineseeducationaldelegationwenttotheUnitedStatesandoneUSeducationaldelegationcametoChinaandbothofthemmadeareportaftertheirvisits.TwoEducationalReports2012-2-1681In1979,oneChineseeducati8182

TheChinesereportsaidTheAmericanstudentsweremuchself-confidentandindependent.Theirteachersencouragedthemtodosoinsteadofcorrectingthem.Thepupilsknewlimitedvocabularyandsolvedmathematicsproblemswiththeirfingers,buttheyallhadastrongdesireforgreatinventions.Inclass,studentswerefreetowalkfromseattoseat,talkingwithoutbeingcontrolled.2012-2-1682TheChinese8283TheUSstudentsinclass2012-2-1683TheUSstudentsinclass20128384

TheAmericanreportsaidThestudentssatonseatswiththeirhandsontheback.Theteachersjusttalkedandtalkedforseveralperiodshavingnotimeforwater.Thestudentshadmuchassignmentcalledhomework.Thosewhohadthehighestscorewouldbeprizedas“ThreeGoodStudents”withcertificates.2012-2-1684TheAmericanreports8485TheChinesestudentsinclass2012-2-1685TheChinesestudentsinclas8586Western:,timeorientedrelationships(work,freetime),makeanappointmentbeforeyougotoseeanyone,noappointment,nobusiness.Lawsuperiortofriendshipandkinsfolk.AttitudesandIdeas

Eastern:personorientedrelationships(hospitality),friendshipiseverything,superiortolaw2012-2-1686Western:,timeorientedrela8687Colors

Notwolanguagesareeversufficientlysimilartobeconsideredasreprintingthesamesocialreality.Theworldsinwhichdifferentsocietieslivearedistinctworlds,notmerelythesameworldwithdifferentlabelsattached.

2012-2-1687ColorsNotwolanguagesa8788Aweddingceremony2012-2-1688Aweddingceremony2012-2-168889AWeddingCeremony

Afuneral2012-2-1689AWeddingCeremonyAfuneral8990

Redpaperbagcontainingmoneyasagift

2012-2-16902012-2-9091

Theredcarpet:layouttheredcarpet

2012-2-1691Theredcarpet:layout9192

Aredcardfortheirmarriage;orforhishealth

2012-2-1692Ared9293ItiseasytodiscoverthepositionorrankinaconversationortalkinChina,astheyseldomusethenamesonly,usuallywithatitle.Onthecontrary,thewesternershavethehabitofusingnamesforteachers,withinafamily,inanoffice.2012-2-1693Itiseasytodiscoverthep9394

Twodifficultieswemayhavewhenwetranslatemeaningofconceptsfromonelanguagetoanother.Differentlanguagesorganizetheexperienceintheirownway.Languages2012-2-1694Twodifficultieswema9495Heismybrother.2012-2-1695Heismybrother.2012-2-169596Hewhoteachesmeonedayismyfatherforlife.2012-2-1696Hewhoteachesmeonedayis9697Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,inwhosesymbolicshadowwestandsignedtheEmancipationProclamation.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.

Ihaveadream2012-2-1697Fivescoreyearsago,agrea9798Adaytogetherashusbandandwifemeanstheendlessdevotiontherestofyourlife.Adayawayfromadearoneislikethreeyears.2012-2-1698Adaytogetherashusbandan9899Travelingonthesameboatresultsfromadestinyof100yearsandamarriagecomesfromadestinyof1000years.2012-2-1699Travelingonthesameboatr99100

GodmademarriageMarriageismadeinGod’simage2012-2-16100Godmademarriage201100VI.CaseStudyFirstOfferSameLanguage,DifferentBehavior2012-2-16101VI.CaseStudyFirstOffer2012-101Case2FirstOffer

ACanadiancolleagueandItraveledtoGuilinwithouradmirableguideHepingLiuinveryhotweather.Sightseeingisathirstybusiness.Wedidnottrustthewater,andenjoyedexcellentbeer.WepolitelyofferedsometoHepingbutherefused.Wesaidnothinganddrankourbeer,whilepoorHepingwatched.Onanotherday,Hepingquicklyacceptedourofferofbeer.QuestionsfordiscussionInyourdailylife,doyouoftenacceptfirstoffer?Ifyes,inwhatsituation?1022012-2-16Case2FirstOfferAC102Case3SameLanguage,DifferentBehavior

(AnAmericantraveledtoEnglandandwasstayingwithafriend.Duringhisstay,theAmericandecidedtotalktotheEnglishmanaboutsomethingsthatwerebotheringhim.)American:

Ifeeluncomfortablewithmanyofthepeoplehere,butI’mnotsurewhy.Ispeakthesamelanguage,sothereshouldn’tbeanyproblem.Backhome,Iusuallygetalongwithpeople.YouknowthatI’mveryfriendly.Englishman:Yes,that’strue,butyou’refriendlyinthewaythatAmericansarefriendly.American:I’mnotsureIunderstand.Englishman:Well,forexample,atthemeetingtheothernight,youimmediatelycalledpeoplebytheirfirstnames.Wedothathere,butnotwhenwefirstmeetsomeone.1032012-2-16Case3SameLanguage,Differe103American:That’showwemakepeoplefeelcomfortable.Peoplefeelfriendliertowardeachotherwhentheyusefirstnames.Englishman:It’sdifferenthere.Forexample,whenyoumetmybossyoushouldhaveusedhislastname.Alsothere’ssomethingelsethatyoudothatEnglishpeopledon’toftendo.American:What’sthat?Englishman:Youtouchpeopleontheshoulderquiteabit,especiallywhenyoucomplimentthem.American:IguessI’veneverthoughtaboutthatbefore.IsupposethatiswhatIdoathome.1042012-2-16American:That’showwemakep104SummaryWhytakeInterculturalCommunication?CultureCommunicationInterculturalCommunicationTheDifferencebetweenChineseandWesternCulturesCasestudy1052012-2-16SummaryWhytakeIntercultural105Exercises1.Matchingthetermswiththeirdefinitions

A.cultureB.communicationC.ethnocentrismD.interculturalcommunicationE.businesscommunication1.()Thebeliefthatyourownculturalbackground,includingwaysofanalyzingproblems,values,beliefs,language,andverbalandnonverbalcommunication,issuperior.2.()Thetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,customs,values,behaviors,institutionsandcommunicationpatternsthatareshared,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.1062012-2-16Exercises1.Matchingtheter1061073.()Aprocessbywhichinformationisexchangedbetweenindividualsthroughacommonsystemofsymbols,signs,orbehavior,ortheexchangeofthoughts,messages,orinformation,asbyspeech,signals,writing,orbehavior.4.()Thecommunicationiswithinbusinessandadministration,aimingatacommonobjectiveandprofitsforboththeindividualsandorganizations.5.()Thecommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultureswhenamemberofonecultureproducesamessageforconsumptionbyamemberofanotherculture.2012-2-161073.()Aprocessbywhichin107Exercises2.ComprehensionCheckDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).__1.Asaphenomenon,interculturalcommunicationhasexistedforthousandsofyears.However,asadiscipline,itshistoryisonlyaboutfiftyyears.__2.InterculturalCommunicationasadisciplinefirststartedinEurope.__3.Cultureisastat