高中英語(yǔ)人教版一輪課時(shí)提升作業(yè)十四必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請(qǐng)按住Ctrl,滑動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。十四必修3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(限時(shí)35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·衡陽(yáng)模擬)BythetimeRobertPorterAllenwasbornin1905,thewhoopingcrane(鳴鶴)wasalreadyintrouble.ThebeautifulbirdwasoncemonlyfoundacrossNorthAmerica.By1941,thewhoopingcranepopulationhaddwindledtothedoubledigits.ThetallestspeciesinNorthAmericawascriticallyendangered.Inthe1940s,theremainingcranesmigrated(遷徙)everyyearfromtheGulfCoastofTexastosomewhereinthenorthofCanadatobreed(繁殖).Theconservationmunitydidn’tknowwherethebirdswent.Thewetlandswheretheyusedtospendwintersweregrowingrarerandrarerasthetiny,nonmigratinggroupofwhoopingcraneswasaliveinLouisianain1941,butthegrouphaddisappearedbythetimeAllenstartedhisresearch.In1942,Allenundertookthewhoopingcraneprojectoverthenextthreeyears.HedidalmostconstantfieldworkthattookhimfromTexasupthecranes’migrationroutetoNebraska,andonintoSaskatchewaninsearchofthenestinggroundofthebirds.Studyingthebirdinitsbreedinghabitatandseeinghowmanybirdswerebornwouldallowconservationiststounderstandhowtohelpthebirdsontheirjourney.Butfindingthewhoopingcrane’snestingsitemeantdifficultandfruitlessairsearchesovernorthernCanada.In1952,Allenwroteareportonthewhoopingcrane.Thereportwasawarningcalltotheconservationmunity:only33migratory“whoopers”remained,andtheirnestingsitestillhadn’tbeenfound.Twoyearslater,thewhoopingcranes’breedinggroundsinCanada’sWoodBuffaloNationalParkwerefinallyfound,andAllenheadednorthtostudythemfirsthand—an“incrediblydifficultjourney”,inSprunt’swords.Allen’sworklaidthegroundworkforconservationiststosavethebirds.Theireffortspaidoffasthenumbersreached57by1970and214by2005.Today,thewhoopingcraneisstilllistedasendangered,butthereareroughly600birdsalive.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ItisastoryaboutAllen’ssearchingforalostbird.B.Itisastoryaboutthecranes’longmigrationflight.C.Itisastoryaboutthecranesurvivingthewinters.D.Itisastoryaboutconservingthewhoopingcrane.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。通讀文章可知,整篇文章都是圍繞保護(hù)瀕危鳥類——鳴鶴的內(nèi)容展開的,故答案為D項(xiàng)。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwindled”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Increased. B.Reduced.C.Stayed. D.Limited.【解析】選B。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“BythetimeRobertPorterAllenwasbornin1905,thewhoopingcranewasalreadyintrouble.ThebeautifulbirdwasoncemonlyfoundacrossNorthAmerica.”猜測(cè)畫線詞所在句句意:到1941年,鳴鶴的數(shù)量已經(jīng)減少到兩位數(shù),所以答案為B項(xiàng)。3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismainlyresponsibleforwhathappenedtotheremainingwhoopingcranes?A.Habitatloss. B.Illegalhunting.C.Naturaldisasters. D.Deadlydiseases.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thewetlandswheretheyusedtospendwintersweregrowingrarerandrarerasthetiny,nonmigratinggroupofwhoopingcraneswasaliveinLouisianain1941”可知棲息地的喪失是造成鳴鶴逐漸消失的主要原因,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。4.Whichofthefollowingeventstookplacein1954?A.Thenonmigratinggroupofwhoopingcranesdisappeared.B.RobertPorterAllenundertookthewhoopingcraneproject.C.Thewhoopingcranes’breedinggroundswerefound.D.RobertPorterAllenwroteareportonthewhoopingcrane.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“In1952,Allenwroteareportonthewhoopingcrane.”以及“Twoyearslater,thewhoopingcranes’breedinggroundsinCanada’sWoodBuffaloNationalParkwerefinallyfound”可知答案為C項(xiàng)?！局R(shí)拓展】鳴鶴鳥,鶴科(GRUIDAE)鳥類,學(xué)名為GRUSAMERICANA,即美洲鶴,最高的美洲鳥,也是世界稀禽之一,正式列為瀕危物種。美國(guó)內(nèi)政部漁獵局正在繁殖籠養(yǎng)美洲鶴,試圖增加其數(shù)量(20世紀(jì)80年代初僅余近100只,尚有籠養(yǎng)約24只)。體高約150厘米,翅展約210厘米。體羽白色,翅尖黑色,腿黑色,裸露的面部和頭頂紅色。其鳴叫聲在3.2千米外都能聽到。據(jù)信,若干時(shí)間以來(lái)美洲鶴之類的鳥類的數(shù)量之所以下降,主要原因是生態(tài)條件的改變,人類的捕獵及墾荒只是部分原因。它們又好集群,因此易受不利環(huán)境條件的影響,幼雛死亡率高,因此種群恢復(fù)極慢。BMorethan90yearshaspassedsinceHollywood’sofficialfilmorganizationfirstproposedplanstobuilditsownmuseum.Thoseplansarefinallybeingareality,withtheAcademyMuseumofMotionPicturessettoopenin2019.TheprojectisunderwayatthesiteofahistoricLosAngelesdepartmentstorebuiltin1939.Museumofficialssayvisitorswillbeableto“experiencethemagicofcinema”bylearningaboutallpartsofthefilmmakingprocess.FilmhistorianKerryBrougherhasbeennameddirectorofthemuseum.Broughersaysthemuseumwillincludeover12millionphotographsand80,000screenplaysaswellasprops(道具),costumesandotherobjectsfromfamousfilms.TheAcademyMuseumwillalsofeatureOscarstatuettes(小雕像)donatedbyactorswhowontheawards.Broughersaysthemuseumisdesignedtomakevisitorsfeelliketheyareinamovie,too,withmanyinteractiveexperiences.“Youwon’tnecessarilyknowwhat’singnext,”headds.“You’llbeinenvironmentssometimesthatmakeyoufeellikeyou’vegonebacktothepastandthatyou’reintheareathatyou’reactuallyexploring.”HeaddsthatvisitorsmayevengetthechancetowalkdownaredcarpetandaccepttheirownAcademyAward.Currently,Hollywoodonlyhasafewpossibilitiesforvisitors.TheycangoalongtheWalkofFame,visitmoviestudiosorseetheDolbyTheater,wheretheOscarsarepresented.Butbeyondthese,moviefanshavelimitedpossibilities.EricGarcetti,themayorofLosAngelessaystheAcademyMuseumwillprovidevisitorswiththechancetoexperiencemanydifferentpartsofthefilmindustryallinoneplace.Garcettinotesthemuseumwillalsoservethehundredsofthousandsoflocalpeopleworkinginfilmrelatedbusinesses.Hesaysthey,too,willfinallybeabletovisitaplacethatcelebratestheirownHollywoodmovieindustry.【文章大意】本文主要介紹了好萊塢終于有了自己的電影博物館,并于2019年向公眾開放。5.WhenwastheideaofbuildingamuseuminHollywoodfirstputforward?A.Inthe1920s.B.In1939.C.Inthe1990s. D.In2019.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知,自好萊塢官方電影組織首次提出建立自己的博物館的計(jì)劃,時(shí)間已經(jīng)過(guò)去了九十多年,因此大約在20世紀(jì)20年代第一次提出了在好萊塢建立博物館的想法,故選A項(xiàng)。6.WhatcanwelearnfromBrougher’swords?A.Photosofvisitorswillbeputondisplay.B.Settingsinthemuseumwillfeelquitereal.C.Mostvisitorswillbepresentedwithanaward.D.Actorswilldonatemuchmoneytothemuseum.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“You’llbeinenvironments...thatyou’reactuallyexploring.”可知,博物館的環(huán)境會(huì)讓你有回到過(guò)去、身臨其境的感覺(jué),故從Brougher的話中可以推斷出博物館的背景環(huán)境令人感覺(jué)非常真實(shí),故選B項(xiàng)。7.WhatisEricGarcetti’sattitudetowardstheAcademyMuseum?A.Supportive. B.Critical.C.Disapproving. D.Cautious.【解析】選A。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中EricGarcetti說(shuō)的話可知,Garcetti認(rèn)為博物館將為游客提供體驗(yàn)電影行業(yè)許多不同方面的機(jī)會(huì),并為成千上萬(wàn)在電影相關(guān)行業(yè)工作的當(dāng)?shù)厝藛T服務(wù)。因此可知,Garcetti對(duì)博物館持支持的態(tài)度,故選A項(xiàng)。8.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheFilmmakingPlansinHollywoodB.TheFilmmakingProcessofHollywoodC.HollywoodMakingPlansofFilmMuseumsD.HollywoodGettingItsOwnFilmMuseum【解析】選D。標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文及根據(jù)本文第一段中的“Thoseplansarefinallybeingareality,withtheAcademyMuseumofMotionPicturessettoopenin2019.”可知,本文主要圍繞“好萊塢將要建成自己的電影博物館”這個(gè)主題展開論述,故選D項(xiàng)?！局R(shí)拓展】佳句積累

1.Thoseplansarefinallybeingareality,withtheAcademyMuseumofMotionPicturessettoopenin2019.

隨著電影學(xué)院博物館(AcademyMuseumofMotionPictures)于2019年開放,這些計(jì)劃終于成為了現(xiàn)實(shí)。2.Broughersaysthemuseumisdesignedtomakevisitorsfeelliketheyareinamovie,too,withmanyinteractiveexperiences.

布魯爾說(shuō),博物館的設(shè)計(jì)讓游客感覺(jué)他們也在電影中,里面還有許多互動(dòng)體驗(yàn)。Ⅱ.完形填空AfterIstruggledtogetovermyfirstwifeCeorgia’sdeath,mylifefinallyreturnedtonormal.Butafewweeksaftershewascalledtoheaven,Iwascookingdinnerformysonandmyself.Fora1,Idecidedonfrozenpeas.AsIwascuttingopenthebag,it2frommyhandsandcrashedtothefloor.Thepeasrolledeverywhere.Itriedtousea3,butwitheachswipethepeasrolledacrossthe4,bouncedoffthewallontheothersideandrolledinanother5.

Mymentalstateatthetimewas6.Losingmywifeisanunbearable7.Igotonmyhandsandkneesandpulledthemintoa8.IwashalflaughingandhalfcryingasI9them.Icouldseethehumorinwhathappened,10itdoesn’ttakemuchforapersondealingwithgrief(悲痛)tobreakdown.

Forthenextweek,everytimeIwasinthekitchen,Iwouldfindapeathathad11myfirstcleanup.EightmonthslaterI12therefrigeratortoclean,andfoundthosefew13peas.Atthattime,Iwasinanew14withawonderfulwomanImetataparty.Afterwemarried,Iwas15ofthosepeasundertherefrigerator.I16thatmylifehadbeenlikethatbagoffrozenpeas.Mywifewas17.Iwasinanewcitywithabusyjobandasonhavingtroubleadjustingtohisnew18andthelossofhismother.

Whenlifegetsyoudown;whenyouthinkyoucannever19thetoughtimes,remember,itisjustabagofscattered,frozenpeas.Youwillfindallthepeas.Whenyoupullallthepeastogether,lifewillbe20again.

【文章大意】這是一篇夾敘夾議類的文章。作者的妻子去世了,作者感到生活完全破碎了。后來(lái)作者意識(shí)到:困難時(shí)期生活就像一袋散了的凍豌豆。但是最終你會(huì)找到所有散落的豌豆,渡過(guò)艱難時(shí)期,生活終將變得完整。1.A.fruit B.vegetableC.meat D.salad【解析】選B。fruit水果;vegetable蔬菜;meat肉;salad沙拉。pea屬于蔬菜類,故B選項(xiàng)正確。2.A.slipped B.disappearedC.crawled D.lost【解析】選A。slip滑,滑倒;disappear消失;crawl爬,爬行;lose失去。根據(jù)下文中“Thepeasrolledeverywhere”可推知,作者在剪開袋子的時(shí)候,袋子從作者的手里滑了下去,掉到了地板上。豌豆?jié)L得到處都是。故A選項(xiàng)正確。3.A.tool B.cloth C.brush D.broom【解析】選D。tool工具;cloth布;brush刷子;broom掃帚。根據(jù)后面的eachswipe可知,作者用掃帚掃掉到地上的豌豆。故D選項(xiàng)正確。4.A.kitchen B.washroomC.restaurant D.bedroom【解析】選A。kitchen廚房;washroom洗手間;restaurant餐館;bedroom臥室。作者做晚飯,當(dāng)然是在廚房里。故A項(xiàng)正確。5.A.disagreement B.effortC.direction D.panion【解析】選C。disagreement異議,分歧;effort努力;direction方向;panion同伴。豌豆從另一邊的墻上反彈過(guò)來(lái),向另一個(gè)方向滾去。故C選項(xiàng)正確。6.A.fragile B.gentleC.potential D.ambitious【解析】選A。fragile易碎的;gentle溫柔的;potential有潛力的;ambitious有雄心的,有野心的。根據(jù)下文中的“Iwashalflaughingandhalfcrying”可知,當(dāng)時(shí)作者的精神狀態(tài)幾近崩潰,很脆弱,妻子的去世對(duì)他打擊很大。故A項(xiàng)正確。7.A.sorrow B.pain C.emotion D.anger【解析】選B。sorrow悲傷;pain痛苦;emotion情緒,情感;anger生氣。妻子去世對(duì)丈夫來(lái)說(shuō)是一種難以忍受的痛苦。故B選項(xiàng)正確。8.A.piece B.part C.pile D.line【解析】選C。piece片,條;part部分;pile堆;line線。作者四肢著地,將豌豆歸攏到一起,堆成一堆。故C項(xiàng)正確。9.A.collected B.accumulatedC.obtained D.possessed【解析】選A。collect收集;accumulate積累;obtain獲得;possess占有,擁有。根據(jù)前文中的“pulledthemintoa_________”可知,作者在將四散的豌豆收集到一起。故A項(xiàng)正確。

10.A.and B.or C.so D.but【解析】選D。前面提到:我能從所發(fā)生的事情中看出幽默。后面提到:一個(gè)經(jīng)歷悲傷的人不需要太多的時(shí)間就能崩潰。很明顯,前后兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故D項(xiàng)正確。11.A.attracted B.destroyedC.escaped D.buried【解析】選C。attract吸引;destroy毀壞;escape逃脫;bury埋葬。接下來(lái)的一周里,每次作者在廚房里的時(shí)候,都會(huì)找到一顆最初“逃過(guò)”清理的豌豆。故C項(xiàng)正確。12.A.pickedout B.setoutC.pulledout D.figuredout【解析】選C。pickout挑選出;setout出發(fā),動(dòng)身;pullout拉出,抽出;figureout弄清楚,弄明白。根據(jù)下文中的“thosepeasundertherefrigerator”可知,作者為了清理,要把冰箱從原地拉出來(lái),這樣才能發(fā)現(xiàn)冰箱下面的豌豆。故C選項(xiàng)正確。13.A.delicious B.remainingC.massive D.additional【解析】選B。delicious美味的;remaining剩下的;massive巨大的,龐大的;additional額外的,附加的。作者八個(gè)月后找到了剩下的豌豆。故B項(xiàng)正確。14.A.concern B.moodC.connection D.relationship【解析】選D。concern擔(dān)心,關(guān)心;mood情緒;connection連接;relationship關(guān)系。作者和聚會(huì)上遇到的一位女士開始了一段新的(戀愛(ài))關(guān)系。故D項(xiàng)正確。15.A.informed B.remindedC.accused D.required【解析】選B。inform通知,告知;remind提醒;accuse指控;require要求。下文的內(nèi)容都是作者通過(guò)“豌豆事件”感悟出來(lái)的。也就是說(shuō),那些豌豆“提醒”了作者這些道理。故B選項(xiàng)正確。16.A.supposed B.doubtedC.recalled D.sensed【解析】選D。suppose認(rèn)為,假設(shè);doubt懷疑;recall回憶;sense感覺(jué)到,意識(shí)到?！巴愣故录弊屪髡咭庾R(shí)到他曾經(jīng)的生活就像那袋凍豌豆。故D項(xiàng)正確。17.A.gone B.asleepC.fortunate D.severe【解析】選A。gone離開的,過(guò)去的;asleep睡著的;fortunate幸運(yùn)的;severe嚴(yán)重的。第一段提到作者的妻子去世了,即離開了。故A項(xiàng)正確。18.A.friends B.timesC.lessons D.surroundings【解析】選D。friend朋友;time次數(shù),倍數(shù);lesson教訓(xùn),功課;surroundings周圍環(huán)境。根據(jù)前面的“anewcity”可知,作者和兒子在一個(gè)新的城市生活,兒子必須要適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境,還要適應(yīng)母親去世這個(gè)事實(shí)。故D項(xiàng)正確。19.A.takeoff B.giveawayC.getthrough D.holdup【解析】選C。takeoff起飛;giveaway贈(zèng)送,泄露;getthrough完成,渡過(guò),通過(guò);holdup舉起,支撐。當(dāng)你認(rèn)為你永遠(yuǎn)也不可能度過(guò)艱難時(shí)期的時(shí)候,記住:這只不過(guò)是一袋散了的凍豌豆。你總會(huì)找到所有散落的豌豆(暗指你總會(huì)度過(guò)艱難時(shí)期)。故C項(xiàng)正確。20.A.clear B.wholeC.correct D.plex【解析】選B。clear清楚的;whole完整的,整個(gè)的;correct正確的;plex復(fù)雜的。當(dāng)你將所有的豌豆聚攏到一起的時(shí)候,(破碎的)生活將會(huì)再次變得完整。故B項(xiàng)正確。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Threehundredyearsago,themaohouor“hairymonkeys”quicklybecamemuchlovedbythepeopleinBeijing.Howdidsomebodyeupwiththem?Thestory1._________(go)thattheshopkeeperofaChinesemedicineshopwasoftenseenshoutingathisemployees.Oneeveninganapprenticewastidyinguptheingredients(原料)2.(use)tomakeChinesemedicinesintheshop.Topassthetime,hefound3._________(he)makingalittlefigureoutofthefeatheryflowersandtheheadandlegsofacicada’s(蟬)skin.Theapprenticeshowedittohiscolleagues,4.(joke)thatitlookedliketheirbadtemperedboss.

Thelittlecreaturebecamesuch5._________hitthattheystartedmakingmorefigures.Thus,Beijing’sunbelievablecraftof“hairymonkey”making6._________(born).

Nowadays,“hairymo