新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練第1部分閱讀理解與閱讀七選五專題1第5 體裁微解應(yīng)用文 (含解析)

第5講體裁微解——應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文是最貼近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、申請(qǐng)書(shū)、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介、商品說(shuō)明與介紹、新聞報(bào)道等，形式多樣，題材各異(如圖示、表格等)，措辭簡(jiǎn)潔明了，直截了當(dāng)，其目的是向讀者傳輸信息。主要具有以下特點(diǎn)：選材信息量大，文句精煉，形式靈活，用最少的篇幅傳達(dá)最大量的信息。內(nèi)容生活化，實(shí)用化，多樣化。如產(chǎn)品宣傳、服務(wù)介紹、通知、海報(bào)、啟事、招生招聘等。形式標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清晰，常用粗體字或各類題目符號(hào)使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更加鮮明。語(yǔ)言人名、地名、專用名詞多；生詞多；縮略詞、祈使句、省略句多；結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。命題其命題角度主要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力，既注重特定細(xì)節(jié)的篩選、類比、綜合，又注重推理判斷題的考查，題目設(shè)置相對(duì)容易。高考應(yīng)用文閱讀理解設(shè)題以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，因此，閱讀這類文章時(shí)，也應(yīng)該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，重點(diǎn)注意細(xì)節(jié)信息，細(xì)節(jié)題題干都是相應(yīng)原文的變形(如同義句改寫(xiě)，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)，因此，要想找到答案就一定要找到題干在原文中的出處，再把原文和選項(xiàng)相比較。做題時(shí)，根據(jù)所提問(wèn)題用尋讀、跳讀的方法可以達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。同時(shí)，在閱讀時(shí)也要特別注意文中以粗體、大寫(xiě)、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因?yàn)檫@很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括。具體答題策略如下：策略指導(dǎo)技法解讀先題后文先讀題目，了解考點(diǎn)；明確目的，快速捕捉，獲取信息。題干定向根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞找到文中答案范圍，按照題目順序依次而下；問(wèn)題與原文相同，對(duì)號(hào)入座，通過(guò)同義替換、歸納事實(shí)等方法確定答案。生詞模糊遇到生詞，如無(wú)關(guān)答題，直接跳過(guò)；涉及答題，則根據(jù)語(yǔ)境、構(gòu)詞法等猜詞。信息補(bǔ)全對(duì)于影響理解的省略句，可根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，將其補(bǔ)全。(2022·全國(guó)甲·A)TheatresandEntertainmentStDavid’sHallStDavid’sHallistheawardwinningNationalConcertHallofWalesstandingattheveryheartofCardiff’sentertainmentcentre.Withanimpressive2，000-seatconcerthall，StDavid’sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.Itpresentsliveentertainment，includingpop，rock，folk，jazz，musicals，dance，worldmusic，filmsandclassicalmusic.TheHayes，CardiffCF101AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukTheGleeClubEveryweekendthisis“Wales”premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.Itishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn’tbeenonthestagehere.Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic，youshouldstarthere.MermaidQuay，CardiffBay，CardiffCF105BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiffShermanCymruShermanCymru’stheatreintheCathaysareaofCardiffreopenedinFebruary2012.Thisspecialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren，artists，writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(機(jī)會(huì))todocreativethings.ShermanCymruisexcitedtopresentapackedprogrammeoftheverybesttheatre，dance，familyshowsandmusicfromWalesandtherestoftheworld.SenghennyddRoad，CardiffCF244YEwww.shermancymru.co.ukNewTheatreTheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama，musicals，danceandchildren’sshowsformorethan100years.PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK’stouringshows，theNewTheatreisCardiff’soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.Besuretopayavisitaspartofyourstayinthecity.ParkPlace，CardiffCF103LNwww.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了威爾士首府的四家劇院及其特色。21．WhereistheWelshPromsCardiffhosted?A．AttheNewTheatre.B．AttheGleeClub.C．AtShermanCymru.D．AtStDavid’sHall.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)StDavid’sHall部分中的“StDavid’sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff”可知，Cardiff的WelshProms活動(dòng)在StDavid’sHall舉辦。故選D。22．WhatcanpeopledoattheGleeClub?A．Watchmusicals.B．Enjoycomedies.C．Seefamilyshows.D．Docreativethings.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheGleeClub部分中的“Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic，youshouldstarthere.”可知，人們可以在TheGleeClub欣賞喜劇。故選B。23．WhichwebsitecanyouvisittolearnaboutCardiff’soldestsurvivingtheatre?A．www.newtheatrecardiff.co.ukB．www.shermancymru.co.ukC．www.glee.co.uk/cardiffD．www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NewTheatre部分中的“PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK’stouringshows，theNewTheatreisCardiff’soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.”及其下面的網(wǎng)址“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，選A。AParaglidingisakindofflying，butinsteadofthewingbeingmadeofmetal，woodorplastic，itismadeofnylonorpolyester.Thewingisattachedtoaharnessbylineswhereapilotsits，similartoaparachute.Isitsafe?Paraglidingisassafeassailinganddeep-seadiving.Thebigadvantageisthatit’sprobablytheslowestformofaviation，soifyoudocrash，you’llhitthegroundquitegently!It’saveryrelaxingsportasyou’remostlysittingdown.Yet，you’llprobablyexperiencepaininsomemusclesyoudidn’tknowyouhadwhilelearning，butmanyofthosewillbeduetothewalkupthetraininghilltolaunch.WheredoIlearn?Therearelotsofschools，mainlybasedinlandbyappropriatehillsormountains，andtherearealsoschoolsonthecoastnearspectacularcliffs.Theseareveryattractive，thoughtheprospectoflandingintheseaseemstodiscouragebeginners!Ittakessevendaystogetyourbasiclicense；thenyou’refreetoflyindependentlyatsitesacrossthecountry.WhatdoIneed?Pilotsnormallywearwarmclothesincasetheygetveryhighup，andahelmetincasetheystumbleonlanding.Intermsofgear，schoolssupplybasictraining，canopies，harnesses，etc.However，you’llprobablywanttobuyyourownmoresophisticatedequipment，whichyou’llbeabletochoosemuchbetteronceyou’vetriedsomeoutonyourcourse.Whocandoit?There’snoupperagelimitprovidedyourinstructorjudgesyoucapable，buttheyoungestis14.Anybodywithgoodeyesightandgoodbalanceisapotentialparagliderpilot.Flyingaparagliderisagreatsport.Wehopetoseeyouintheairwithusthisseason!eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了什么是高空滑翔及學(xué)習(xí)高空滑翔的一些信息。)1．Whichwouldbethebestheadingforparagraph1?A．Whatisparagliding?B．Whoinventedparagliding?C．Howisparaglidingspecial?D．Whyisparaglidingpopular?答案A解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段可知，本段主要描述了什么是高空滑翔。故選A。2．Accordingtothepassage，paraglidingis.A．excitingbuttiringB．safeandrelaxingC．a(chǎn)ttractivebutexpensiveD．fastandchallenging答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Isitsafe？部分的“Paraglidingisassafeassailinganddeep-seadiving.”及“It’saveryrelaxingsportasyou’remostlysittingdown.”可知，高空滑翔是一項(xiàng)既安全又放松的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)。3．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Fitpeopleofanyagecantakeupparagliding.B．Mostparaglidingschoolsaresituatedbythesea.C．Pilotsneedtobuybasicequipmentontheirtrainingcourse.D．Learnerscanflyontheirownafteratleastaweek’straining.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WheredoIlearn？部分的“Ittakessevendaysto...thenyou’refreetoflyindependently”可知，需要經(jīng)過(guò)至少一周的訓(xùn)練，學(xué)員才可以獨(dú)立飛行。故選D。B(2022·河南中原名校聯(lián)盟適應(yīng)性聯(lián)考)★L(fēng)OUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOLGrades：Preschool－Grade8LCDS.org?703-777-3841Award-winningschoolfeaturesalowstudent-teacherratio(比率)．Coursesincludeart，STEM(Science，Technology，Engineering，Mathematics)，computerprogramming，languages，athletics，instruments，BYOT(BringYourOwnTechnology)，one-to-oneprograminfourththrougheighthgrades.It’sfamousforitsuniquefieldtrips.★NYSMITHSCHOOLGrades：3years－Grade8N?703-552-2912Top10intheworld，fun，award-winningprogram，upto4gradelevelsofdiversification(多樣化)inreadingandmathclasses，dailyscience，computers，logic，foreignlanguages，muchmore.1∶9ratio.Minimal(最少的)homework.Hands-onexperimentallearning，agreatattractionforstudentsacrossthecountry.2014TommyAwardfromTJforthespecialachievementofNysmithAlumni.★FUSIONACADEMYTYSONSGrades：6－12FusionTysonsC?866-461-8039FusionAcademyisaprivatemiddleandhighschoolwhereallclassesareone-to-one：onestudentandoneteacherperclassroom.Here，positiverelationshipsunlockstudents’potential.Schedulingispersonalized，andnohomeworkgoeshome.ComesoontoTysons，Virginia，andachieveschool&lifebalance.★RANDOLPH-MACONACADEMYGrades：6－12，P?540-636-5484R-MAisacollege-prepboardingschoolwithAirForceJROTC，devotedtodevelopingstudentsofacademicachievement，leadership，andresponsiblecitizenship.Withsmallerclasses—onaverage，14－17studentsperclass—studentsatR-MAfindthemselvesbuildingtheirconfidencebecauseourteacherscareabouteachstudent.Graduatingclasseshavea100%collegeacceptancerateandaverageover$56.6millionincollegescholarshipsofferseachyear.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四所學(xué)校的情況，包括年級(jí)、聯(lián)系方式和學(xué)校特色等信息。4．WhatmakesLCDSdifferentfromtheothers?A．Fieldtrips.B．Avarietyofcourses.C．One-to-oneclasses.D．Award-winningprograms.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)★L(fēng)OUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOL部分中的“It’sfamousforitsuniquefieldtrips.”可知，它以獨(dú)特的實(shí)地考察旅行而聞名。由此可知，LOUDOUN鄉(xiāng)村走讀學(xué)校與其他學(xué)校的不同之處在于它提供實(shí)地考察旅行。故選A。5．WhyisNYSMITHSCHOOLpopularamongstudents?A．Ithasnohomework.B．Itistheworld’sbestschool.C．ItisafrequentwinneroftheTommyAward.D．Itgivesthemachancetolearnfromexperience.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)★NYSMITHSCHOOL部分中的“Hands-onexperimentallearning，agreatattractionforstudentsacrossthecountry.”可知，動(dòng)手實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)全國(guó)各地的學(xué)生有很大的吸引力。由此可知，NYSMITH學(xué)校之所以吸引學(xué)生，是因?yàn)樗o了他們一個(gè)從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D。6．Whichschoolspecializesinpersonalizededucation?A．LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOL.B．NYSMITHSCHOOL.C．FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS.D．RANDOLPH-MACONACADEMY.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)★FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS部分中的“FusionAcademyisaprivatemiddleandhighschoolwhereallclassesareone-to-one...Schedulingispersonalized，andnohomeworkgoeshome.”可知，F(xiàn)usionAcademy是一所私立中學(xué)和高中，所有班級(jí)都是一對(duì)一的。日程安排是個(gè)性化的，回家沒(méi)有家庭作業(yè)。由此可知，F(xiàn)USIONACADEMYTYSONS學(xué)校擅長(zhǎng)個(gè)性化教育。故選C。強(qiáng)化練(十一)應(yīng)用文AThesedestinationsmarchtothebeatoftheirowndrum.Soputonyourdancingshoesandheadtothesesweet-soundingcities.NewOrleansInthe19thcentury，slavesgatheredonSundaystoplaydrums，dance，andsinginCongoSquare.ThoselivelyrhythmsofAfricaranheadonwiththesoundsofEuropetocreatejazz，atypicalAmericanartformthathasinspiredgenerationsofAmericansandspreadaroundtheglobe.Butthisisn’tsuit-wearing，head-nodding，politejazz.NewOrleansjazzsweepsyouoffyourfeetandmakesyoujumpandclapandsingalong.ChicagoLargenumbersofAfrican-AmericanslefttheSouthinsearchofbetteropportunitiesduring1916－1970andChicagoattractedscoresofthesepeople，whobroughtwiththemthesoundoftheMississippiRiver.Here，itchangedintosomethingsadandsymphonic：blues.BlueswasnotborninChicago，butitwasherethatitfoundanewvoiceandbegantospreaditsmessagearoundtheworld.MemphisMemphisisthebirthplaceofrockandroll.ItwashereinSunStudiosinthesummerof1951thatIkeTurnerandhisbandtheDeltaCatsrecorded“Rocket88”，widelyregardedasthefirstrockandrollsong.But，likesomanygreatthings，ithappenedbyaccidentthattheguitarist’sloudspeakerbrokedownduringtherecording，creatingauniqueguitarsoundthatwouldbecomeahallmarkofthemusic.Peopledidn’tknowhowtoclassifyit，buttheyknewtheylovedit.Therestishistory.NewYorkCityNewYorkisoneoftheworld’sgreatestcitieswhereyoucanlistentoallkindsofmusic.ButtoexperienceatrueNewYorkstateofmind，youhavetoleavetheshinytowersandBroadwayshowsofManhattanandheadtoHarlem，theBronx，Brooklyn，andQueenstoexplorethecity’ship-hophistory.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了爵士、布魯斯、搖滾及嘻哈樂(lè)的起源及特色。)1．WhatdoNewOrleansjazzandChicagoblueshaveincommon?A．Theysoundverysad.B．Theyhavesimilarorigin.C．Theyhappenedbyaccident.D．Theyareplayedontheguitar.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)NewOrleans一節(jié)中的第二句及Chicago一節(jié)中的第一、二句可推斷，爵士及布魯斯音樂(lè)的起源很相似：都是源于美國(guó)。故選B。2．Whenwasrockandrollborn?A．Inthe19thcentury.B．Inthelate19thcentury.C．Intheearly20thcentury.D．Inthemid-20thcentury.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Memphis一節(jié)中的第二句可知，搖滾樂(lè)是在20世紀(jì)中期誕生的。故選D。3．WhatareHarlemandQueensknownfor?A．Blues. B．Jazz.C．Hip-hop. D．Rockandroll.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NewYorkCity一節(jié)中的第二句可知，哈萊姆區(qū)和皇后區(qū)以嘻哈文化而著名。故選C。BScientificeducationaltoyscandevelopkid’sreasoning，problem-solvingandcriticalthinkingcapacityandimprovetheirhand-eyecoordination(協(xié)調(diào))．Butthemostpowerfulthingisthatthechildrenwillassociatelearningwithfun.Thatmeanstheywillgrowintoadultswithathirstforknowledgeandahighlydevelopedsetofskillsforlearning.Herearesomeofthebest：·ScienceKitYoucanguaranteetwothingsifyoubuyyourkidsone：alotoffunandalotofmess.It’sa20-piecekitthatteachesthebasicsofchemicalreactions.It’srecommendedforkidsaged6andabove，withadultcompany.Youdon’thavetobeascientist，sincethereisanactivitybookwithinstructionsforpossibleexperiments.·MiniTerraKitYoudon’thavetowaitforthesuntocomeouttoteachkidsaboutthenaturalworld.Thisall-inclusivekitisaminiaturegardenthatsimulatesanaturalenvironmentbyusingapowerfulLEDlight.Itincludesaterrariumjar，light-upjarlid，MicroUSBcharger，andallthenaturalingredientstogetstarted.Italsohasasimpleinstructionbookletthatyoucanworkthroughwithyourkids.·GravityRunThisclassicisnotjustaboutbuildingastructureandwatchingthemarblesgoupanddown.Thegamesaredesignedforkidsaged8＋todevelopspatialawareness，planning，andreasoning.With60challenges(beginnertoexpert)，thisaward-winninggamecanbeenjoyedbyallthefamily.Theexpertlevelsareactuallyquitechallenging，sobepreparedforsomefailures.·WeRoKitThisprize-winningrobottoyfeaturesover840pieces，aWeRoMoveHub，InteractiveMoto，andaDistanceSensor.Youcanbuilditinto5completelydifferentrobots，meaningendlessfunforthekidsandevenadults.Oncethey’vebuiltthecharacteroftheirchoice，theycanprogrammeittoperformcountlesstasksincludingwalkingandtalkingonitsown.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了四種有助于培養(yǎng)孩子們思維和動(dòng)手能力的玩具。)4．Whatisthegreateststrengthofscientificeducationaltoys?A．Trainingyoungscientists.B．Stimulatinglearningdesire.C．Developinghand-eyecoordination.D．Buildingupproblem-solvinghabits.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從首段第二句可知，科學(xué)教育玩具的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)是將玩和學(xué)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，即激發(fā)孩子的學(xué)習(xí)欲望。故選B。5．Whichtoysuitskidswhoenjoygrowingplants?A．ScienceKit. B．MiniTerraKit.C．GravityRun. D．WeRoKit.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MiniTerraKit部分的前三句可知，MiniTerraKit這個(gè)玩具可以讓孩子接觸自然世界。因此適合喜歡植物的孩子。故選B。6．WhatisspecialaboutWeRoKit?A．Ithasdifferentlevels.B．Itistheonlyprize-winner.C．Itrequiresparentalguidance.D．Itinvolvesprogrammingskills.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WeRoKit部分的第三句可知，WeRoKit的特別之處在于它涉及編程技能。故選D。CTeenAdventure：EuropeCoasttoCoast2022IfyouareinterestedinEuropeCoasttoCoastforthesummerof2022，pleasereachouttousandwewillnotifyyouwhenwe’vepublishedthe2022scheduleandopenedtheapplication.Holland，Belgium，ParisOurgroupwillgatherinAmsterdamandspendthefirstnightintheancientDutchcityofHaarlembeforepickingupthewell-traveledNordzeeroutebikeroute.Thisprotected，coastalpathwindsitswayalongthecoastoftheNorthSeafornearly300miles，pastwindmillsandoverbanks.We’llmakeourwaythroughcharmingDutchandBelgiantownsandcrosstheborderintoFrance.OnceinFrance，we’llridequietcountryroadsthroughsmallvillages，enjoyingthemanydelightsofruralFrenchlifealongourway.We’llcontinuesouthtoChantillyandtakeatrainintospendadayintheCityofLight.RuralFrance，Germany’sBlackForest&theBodenseeFromParis，wecontinueeastthroughthevineyard(葡萄園)coveredhillsoftheChampagneregion，intothegreenvalleysofAlsace-Lorraine，andthenontoStrasbourg，rightonFrance’sbord