2023學(xué)年完整公開(kāi)課版謂語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)目前的狀況：Wearestillyoung我們還年輕。經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣動(dòng)作：TheyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternet真理或客觀存在：Twoheadsarebetterthanone時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句表將來(lái)：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgo時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成一般加s：attac,donate,occur,recover,respond,clap,escape,ache,survive以s,,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾加es：focus,fi,crash,flash,establish,approach,attach,go,do輔音字母y結(jié)尾，y→ies：study,carry,fly,worry,apply,fancy特殊變化：have→has,be→am/is/are時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法存在的狀態(tài)：Atthattimehewasyoung發(fā)生的動(dòng)作:Hecameherethreedaysago在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事：Weoftenwentboatingwhenwewerechildren時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示過(guò)去將來(lái)：Heteleeifitrainedthenetday在過(guò)去確定時(shí)間里時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)構(gòu)成一般直接加ed：want,wor,clean,clic,attac,crash,prevent,deliver結(jié)尾有e不發(fā)音只加d：survive,tie,donate,breathe,escape,ache重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫(xiě)尾字母再加ed：jog,hug,chat,refer,occur,clap輔音字母y結(jié)尾，y→ied：study,marry,apply,fancy用法在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間里會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)：Theguideswillentertainyouwithstories時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)

begoingto原形：We’regoingtomeetoutsidetheschoolgateam/is/are現(xiàn)在分詞：I’mleavingforShanghaitonight構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成按時(shí)刻表或日程表上將要做的事：Whendoestheplanearrivebeto原形公務(wù)安排或必須做的事：HeistovisitJapannetyearbeaboutto原形即將：Thateunwrapped不與時(shí)間詞連用用法在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來(lái)，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

構(gòu)成would原形：ShetoldmeshewouldhavetodinewithHelenthatnightwas/were現(xiàn)在分詞：Shetoldmeshewascomingtoseemewas/weregoingto原形：Wefocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay用法：表示說(shuō)話時(shí)刻或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作構(gòu)成：am/is/are現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

Don’tmaesomuchnoiseHeissleepingIamtranslatingaboothesedays一般加ing：reflect,crash,apply,earn,suffer,prevent,deliver去e加ing：eplore,bite,hesitate,breathe,escape,ache雙寫(xiě)加ing：quit,it,chat,refer,occur,clap時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的事某時(shí)：Iwasdoingmylessonsthistimeyesterday某階段：Duringthesummerof2016hewastravellinginChina構(gòu)成:was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：表示在將來(lái)某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：Bythistimetomorrow,I’llbelyingonthebeach構(gòu)成：willbe現(xiàn)在分詞

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

構(gòu)成:have/has+過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果。常與already,yet,ever,never,before,just,once,twice,threetimes等連用表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與“for時(shí)間段”,“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，以及in/overthepastfewyears,inthelastthreeyears,sofar,tillnow,uptonow,thesedays等連用HehasalreadyobtainedascholarshipGreatchangeshavetaenyvillagesince1978用法時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)

構(gòu)成:had+過(guò)去分詞用法表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)WhenIgotthere,thetrainhadalreadyleftHesaidhehadworedinthatfactorysince1949用法：表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還要繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)構(gòu)成:have/hasbeen現(xiàn)在分詞：Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：WestudyEnglisheveryday被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Englishisstudiedallovertheworldbe體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去分詞概念被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成：am/is/are過(guò)去分詞：RiceisgrowninSouthChina華南種植水稻。2一般過(guò)去時(shí)構(gòu)成：was/were過(guò)去分詞：Shewasasedtosingasong大家要求她唱一支歌。3一般將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成：willbe過(guò)去分詞：TheconferencewillbeheldinBeijing這次會(huì)議將在北京舉行。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)4過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成：wouldbe過(guò)去分詞：Henewhewouldbepunishedforit他知道他會(huì)為此受到懲罰。5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：am/is/arebeing過(guò)去分詞：Theroadisbeingwidened馬路正在加寬。6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：was/werebeing過(guò)去分詞：Theroadwasbeingrepairedthen那時(shí)正在修路。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：have/hasbeen過(guò)去分詞：Alltheticetshavebeensoldout票已售完。8過(guò)去完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：hadbeen過(guò)去分詞：Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced當(dāng)所有這些都完成后，路面被替換了。9含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞：Moresaybebuilt可能建造更多的太空站。表能力“能，會(huì)”：Icananswerthequestion我能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般式can/could表請(qǐng)求“能，可以”：Canyouhelewithit能幫我一下嗎？表允許“能，可以”：CanIreadyournewspaper我能看看你的報(bào)紙嗎？提建議“可以”：YoucanasMrLiaboutit這件事你可以問(wèn)問(wèn)李先生。表可能性“可能”：Whatcantheybedoing他們可能在干什么呢表允許：Youmaycomeifyouwish你愿意來(lái)可以來(lái)。表可能：ThiscoatmaybePeter’s這件大衣可能是彼得的。表祝愿：Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!may/might情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般式must表必要“必須”：Imuststudyhard我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。表堅(jiān)持“偏要，非要”：Mustyoumaesomuchnoise你就非得弄出這么大聲嗎表不可避免“必定會(huì)”：Allmenmustdie人總有一死。表推斷“一定，準(zhǔn)是”：Youmustbetiredafteryourlongwal你走了那么遠(yuǎn)的路，一定累了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般式在疑問(wèn)句中征求意見(jiàn)主語(yǔ)是I,we,he：Shallhewaitforyououtside要不要他在外面等你表示說(shuō)話者給對(duì)方的承諾、決心、警告等：Youshallhaveanewdressforyourbirthday你生日時(shí)會(huì)得到一件新裙子。表示強(qiáng)制，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”：Eachcomber每個(gè)參賽者要戴一個(gè)號(hào)碼。shall情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般式表示責(zé)任或義務(wù)：Heshouldworharder他應(yīng)該更加努力。表示推斷“可能，該”：Heshouldarrivesoon他可能很快就到了。表示“竟然”：It’sstrangethatheshouldbelate真奇怪，他竟會(huì)遲到。表示不感興趣、驚訝：HowshouldInow我怎么知道呢表示“一旦”條件句：IfIshouldbefreetomorrow,I’llcome一旦明天有空，我就來(lái)。should情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般式表示愿意：Hewilltaeyouhome他愿意送你回家。表示請(qǐng)求：Will/Wouldyougowithme你愿意和我一起去嗎表示真理“總是”：Oilwillfloatonwater油總是浮在水面上。will/would情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般式表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣：Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry他住鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)總是早起。表示要求“一定”：Youwillreeafterwards你稍后一定要向我報(bào)告。表示目前情況的預(yù)測(cè)“一定，大概”：Thiswillbethehouseyou’relooingfor這大概就是你要找的房子。will/would情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)musthavedonesth一定已經(jīng)做了某事：Imusthaveforgottentotellyou我一定是忘記告訴你了。might/mayhavedonesth可能已經(jīng)做了某事：Shemayhaveleftyesterday她可能昨天走了。oughtto/shouldhavedonesth應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)做了某事：Heshouldhavefinishedtheworbynowcannot/couldn’thavedonesth不可能做了某事：Theycannothavegoneoutbecausethelightison!情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)can/could主語(yǔ)havedonesth可能做了某事嗎？：Themoneyhasdisappeared!Whocouldhavetaenit情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式表示輕微的責(zé)備或后悔couldhavedone本可以做而實(shí)際上未做：Youcouldhavestartedalittleearliermighthavedone本可以做而實(shí)際上未做：Youmighthavedoneitbetterthatdayneedn’thavedone本不必做但卻做了：Youneedn’thavesaidthat情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式表示輕微的責(zé)備或后悔oughtto/shouldhavedone本該做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)做：Youshouldhavetoldusearlieroughtnotto/shouldn’thavedone本不該做而實(shí)際上做了：Yououghtn’ttohavespoentoyourteacherliethat你本不該那樣對(duì)你的老師說(shuō)話的。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)方面要和主語(yǔ)保持一致主謂一致基本概念語(yǔ)法一致主謂一致三個(gè)原則概念謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致1謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致：Wetaeeerciseeveryday/Tomtaeseerciseeveryday2主語(yǔ)是“manya/an單數(shù)名詞”，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)：Manyapersonhasreadthenovel3主語(yǔ)是“morethan單數(shù)名詞”，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)：Morethanoneteachergetstheflowers例句4主語(yǔ)是“neither單數(shù)名詞”,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)：Neitherboyistoblame5主語(yǔ)是復(fù)合不定代詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)：Everythingaroundusismatter語(yǔ)法一致主謂一致三個(gè)原則概念謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致例句意義一致主謂一致三個(gè)原則概念謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)在意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致例句1主語(yǔ)是people,thepolice,cattle等,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù):Cattleeatgrass2主語(yǔ)是family,audience,crew,crowd,class,groumittee等時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體是單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)成員時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)：Theclasswere/wasinterestedinhislecture意義一致主謂一致三個(gè)原則概念謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)在意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致例句3主語(yǔ)是“the形容詞或分詞”，如therich,thepoor,thedead,theliving,theinjured等表示某一類(lèi)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)：Thericharenotalwayshappierthanthepoor4主語(yǔ)是theChinese中國(guó)人,theBritish英國(guó)人,theIrish愛(ài)爾蘭人等時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)：TheChineseusechopsticsinsteadofnivesandfors意義一致主謂一致三個(gè)原則概念謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)在意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致例句5主語(yǔ)是表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，通常把它們看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)：Tene意義一致主謂一致三個(gè)原則概念謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)在意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致例句6主語(yǔ)形式是復(fù)數(shù)但意義卻是單數(shù)的news,athematics,athematicsisherfavoritesubject7主語(yǔ)是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的sheeeans,wors工廠,seanshasbeentried/Alleanshavebeentried就近一致主謂一致三個(gè)原則概念謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和靠近它的主語(yǔ)部分保持一致ThereisapenandseveralboosonthedesThereareseveralboosandapenonthedesEitheryouorIamwrong不是你錯(cuò)，就是我錯(cuò)。Eitheryouorsheiswrong不是你錯(cuò)，就是她錯(cuò)。3here,there引導(dǎo)：Hereisaepaperforyou例句1.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)2.平行結(jié)構(gòu)主謂一致12個(gè)難點(diǎn)1動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)：RemeberingEnglishwordsisdifficult/Whathesaysisimportant2eachof復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：Eachofushasanewcomputer3either/neitherof復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)：Neitherofthetetsis/areinteresting4noneof不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：Noneofthemoneyhereisminenoneof復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)：NoneofthemspeasEnglish主謂一致12個(gè)難點(diǎn)5half/most/all/therest/thirtypercent/onethirdof名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后的名詞的數(shù)保持一致Therestofthebreadwasthrownaway/Therestoftheeggshavegonebad6指同一人、同一物、同一概念的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：Theingtoourschooltomorrow7有no,each,every,manya修飾的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：Eachboyandeachgirlhasabeautifuldream主謂一致12個(gè)難點(diǎn)8oneof復(fù)數(shù)名詞who謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：Sheisoneofthestudentswhohavetheonlyoneof復(fù)數(shù)名詞who謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohas9anumberof復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù):AnumberofforeignersareworinginChinathenumberof復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：Thenumberofforeignvisitorsisincreasing主謂一致12個(gè)難點(diǎn)10aquantityof名詞，謂語(yǔ)與所接名詞的數(shù)一致：Alargequantityofnutsareonthetablequantitiesof名詞，謂語(yǔ)一律用復(fù)數(shù)：Largequantitiesoffuelareusedbymodernindustry11Awith/togetherwith/alongwith/lie/eceestudents,hasgonetoanursinghome12all指theonlything或everything時(shí),是單數(shù)：AllIwantispeaceandquiet虛擬語(yǔ)氣用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在：IfIwereyou,Ishouldtaemytime過(guò)去：Ifhehadworedhard,hewouldhavesucceeded將來(lái)：Ifitrained/weretorain/shouldraintomorrow,theseetwouldbeputoffIf引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句虛擬語(yǔ)氣用過(guò)去式表示含蓄虛擬條件句Withoutair,noonecouldlive/Butforhispension,hewouldstarveIt’slucythatheboundedaway,otherwisehewouldhavebeenhurtIfithadn’tbeenforyourheladesomuchprogressIfitwere/Wereitnotforyourheleless錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtaenmyadvice現(xiàn)在:IwishIhadahouseinGuanghou,butIcan’taffordone過(guò)去:IwishIhadn’twastedsomuchtime將來(lái):Iwishhecouldcometomorrow虛擬語(yǔ)氣用過(guò)去式表示wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句現(xiàn)在：IfonlyIwererich過(guò)去：IfonlyIhadlistenedtoyouradvice!將來(lái)：Ifonlyitwouldstoprainingsoonifonly后的句子虛擬語(yǔ)氣用過(guò)去式表示wouldrather后的句子現(xiàn)在：I’dratheryouwerehappy過(guò)去：I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidthat將來(lái)：IwouldratheryoucamenetSundayasif/though后的句子現(xiàn)在：MrLitreatsmeasifIwerehisownson過(guò)去：Hebehavednaturallyasifnothinghadhappened將來(lái)：Itisn’tasifyouweregoingawayforever虛擬語(yǔ)氣用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形表示一個(gè)堅(jiān)持Heinsistedthatweshouldacceptthesegifts堅(jiān)持要比較：Sheinsistedthathewaswrong堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為兩個(gè)命令ThemayororderedthatfreefoodbedistributedHecommandedthatthesoldiersattacatonce虛擬語(yǔ)氣用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形表示三個(gè)建議IrecommendedthatheshouldconsultalawyerThedoctoradvisedthathechangehisjobThedentistsuggestedthatsheshouldcomeanotherday比較：Alltheevidencesuggeststhathestolethemoney表明四個(gè)要求虛擬語(yǔ)氣用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形表示SheasedthatsheshouldbeeedofdevelopmentWerequestedthatthenetmeetingshouldbeheldonFridayThesituationrequiredthatheshouldbepresentThebossdemandedthatMaryshouldfinishitwithinawee主語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形表示ItisnecessarythatheshouldcometotheofficeIt’snaturalthatyoushouldbenervousItisvitallyimportantthattheyreceiveallthehelpavailable時(shí)態(tài)填空：Since2011,thecountry___________growmorecornthanrice改錯(cuò)：Ihadgrownnotonlyentallyinthepastfewyears填空：WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad,thehugeanimal_______meanmenorealharm改錯(cuò)：ItisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimesSomeyuncletells…時(shí)狀明示前后一致謂語(yǔ)的考點(diǎn)及考法Ⅰgrownhashavehavemeant主謂一致并列一致謂語(yǔ)的考點(diǎn)及考法Ⅰ時(shí)態(tài)填空：Confuciusbelievedniveswouldremindpeopleofillingsand______betooviolentforuseatthetable與would并列改錯(cuò)：Aboutonemonthafterthiseanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub填空：Leavingthelessimorrow____beoftenacceptableisbecamewerewastold/hasbeentoldbemade填空謂語(yǔ)的考點(diǎn)及考法Ⅰ語(yǔ)態(tài)主謂一致Sarah_______________________tellthatshecouldbeBritain’snewsuodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenetyear情后原形Trulyelegantchoight__________maeofgoldandsilver分詞有誤Aboutonemonthafterthisysecondyear…be要?jiǎng)h除Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryserioustaken改錯(cuò)謂語(yǔ)的考點(diǎn)及考法Ⅱ情態(tài)動(dòng)詞改錯(cuò)多用to…nomatterhowmanytimesIasedtowatchthem,mye非原形Wecanchosebetweenstayingathome…用錯(cuò)情Meanwhile,IfoundoutthatwithmoreustmaemytoyslastMyattitudechangedfromthenoncould/mightchoose虛擬語(yǔ)氣改錯(cuò)Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby或?qū)an改為should謂語(yǔ)的完整性SorealfriendshipshouldabletostandallsortsoftestsStillIunwillingtoes謂語(yǔ)的考點(diǎn)及考法Ⅱ少用be改錯(cuò)bewas顧真題回一、語(yǔ)法填空12018全國(guó)Ⅰ卷Whilerunningregularlycan’tmaeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit_____bemoreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwaling,cyclingorswimmingis此處在陳述客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故填is。22018全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Since2011,thecountry___________growmorecornthanriceCornpednearly125percentoverthepast25yearshasgrown由Since2011可知此處語(yǔ)境表示的是從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間2011年開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果玉米種植量比水稻多，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)country是單數(shù)名詞，故用hasgrown。32018全國(guó)Ⅱ卷between2005——whenthegovernment_______startasoil-testingmendationstofarmersstarted由2005可知，此處講述的是2005年發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。42018全國(guó)Ⅲ卷WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,IwasjustgladtofindthemaliveTruetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal_______meanmenorealharmmeant由frightened和was可知，mean也用一般過(guò)去式，故填meant。52017全國(guó)Ⅰ卷Whenfatandsalt______________removefromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething主語(yǔ)fatandsalt與remove是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；由主句謂語(yǔ)tastes可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);主語(yǔ)是兩者，為復(fù)數(shù)，故填areremoved。areremoved62017全國(guó)Ⅰ卷Evenworse,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesupFastfood___befulloffatandsalt主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，由上下文可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is。is72017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Steamengines_________usetousthavebeenfairlyunoeandnoiseHowever,therailwayquiclyprovedtobeagreatsuccess…因Steamengines與use是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，故填wereused。wereused82017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Later,engineers__________managetoconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeenownastheTube根據(jù)上下文謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。managed92017全國(guó)Ⅲ卷Sarah________________________tellthatshecouldbeBritain’snewsuodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenetyearHerfatherodelfull-time由tellsbsth可知要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)是“已有人告訴她”或“曾有人告訴她”，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。hasbeentold/wastold102017全國(guó)Ⅲ卷MydadthinsIshouldtaetheoffernowButatthatmoment,school________comefirstIdon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling由上下文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故填comes。comes112016全國(guó)Ⅰ卷Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbacstageatthenot-for-oneyhelalsatthe600acrecentre因I與allow之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；又由前面的was可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。wasallowed122016全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Leavingthelessimorrow____beoftenacceight_________maeofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters因主語(yǔ)choae之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面，故應(yīng)填bemade。isbemade142016全國(guó)Ⅲ卷Confuciusbelievedniveswouldremindind并列,根據(jù)并列一致原則,be也用過(guò)去式;又因主語(yǔ)nives是復(fù)數(shù),故填were。152015全國(guó)Ⅰ卷ItwasraininglightlywhenI_______arriveinYangshuojustbeforedawnButIdidn’tcare由主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“wasraining”和后句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“didn’tcare”可知，arrive應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意是“當(dāng)我在天亮前到達(dá)陽(yáng)朔時(shí)，正在下著小雨”。werearrived162015全國(guó)Ⅰ卷Yangshuo____bereallybeautifulAstudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTriesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld指目前的狀態(tài)或客觀存在的狀態(tài),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),下句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞names是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),也有提示作用;主語(yǔ)Yangshuo是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),故填is。is172015全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Atthesametime,theywarmuuelyoffset抵消fortheoutsidetemperatures因上句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“warmuup”和“cooloff”都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故此處的go也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)才能保持時(shí)態(tài)一致；主語(yǔ)Thiscycle是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故填goes。goes182014全國(guó)Ⅰ卷In1969,theaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup指1969年的情況，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，上下句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)was,could也提示我們用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，指當(dāng)時(shí)無(wú)法想像；又因主語(yǔ)It是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故填was。was192014全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Aboyonabie_______catchmyattentionHewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms在句中作謂語(yǔ)，考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)；aboy與catch是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又由語(yǔ)境如wasriding可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填caught。caught二、短文改錯(cuò)12018全國(guó)Ⅰ卷Duringmylastwinterholiday,IwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparentsIfindabigchangethere由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Duringmylastwinterholiday可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；由前后句中的went也可知，改為found后才前后時(shí)態(tài)一致。found22018全國(guó)Ⅱ卷StillIwasunwillingtoeswiththemsometimesIdidn’trealiehowrightmyesmye…全文都是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)講述，故所有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞皆用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以把a(bǔ)re改成were。were32018全國(guó)Ⅲ卷ItwasMondaymorning,andthewritingclasshadjustbegin由語(yǔ)境可知，此處用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“had過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，故begin錯(cuò)了，要改為begun。begun42018全國(guó)Ⅲ卷Theclassroomisatetboos,andmistaesaswellincludes此處講的是客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；that指代learning做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。52017全國(guó)Ⅰ卷Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblanIforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether全文都是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)講述，故所有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞皆用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以把goes改成went。went62017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternetWhensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentstopicthefreshvegetables!整篇文章以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。comes72017全國(guó)Ⅲ卷Ihadgrownnotonlyeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub與上下文保持一致,用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故改為became。becamehave92016全國(guó)Ⅰ卷ItisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimesSomeyuncletellsmethat…上文is和下文tells用的都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故had也應(yīng)改用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)have，前后才時(shí)態(tài)一致。have102016全國(guó)Ⅰ卷Everydayhemaessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooing因“蔬菜和油”與“使用”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);另外,beusedfordoingsth=beusedtodosth為固定搭配，意為“被用來(lái)做某事”。112016全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Someclassmatessuggest…IthoughtthatitisagoodideaItdoesnotcost…由上文suggest和下文doesnotcost的時(shí)態(tài)可知,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故改成thin。usedthink122016全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtaingatrieclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby因wecangoto…是suggest建議的賓語(yǔ)從句,從句謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即“should動(dòng)詞原形”,其中should可以省略。故可將can改成should,也可去掉can。should或把can去掉choose142016全國(guó)Ⅲ卷Atfirst,IthoughtInew…my…Theyalwaystellmewhattodo…Ieverfelt…上兩句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞thought,new,didn’tseem和下句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞felt都是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故此處也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，才前后時(shí)態(tài)一致。told152015全國(guó)Ⅰ卷WhenIwasachild,Ihoeaveryserious因“研究”與“表明”是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。thought172015全國(guó)Ⅰ卷Wemustfoundwaystoent在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must后用動(dòng)詞原形。182015全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop與前面的saw是并列謂語(yǔ)，用told。注意：考生易誤以為telling與crying并列，如果這樣，意思是講不通的。toldfind192015全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry因begin的過(guò)去式是began?？忌资躠nd前面部分影響，以為也要跟scared一樣用過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其實(shí)，“托尼”與“開(kāi)始哭”是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。202014全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Mydreamschoolstartsat8:30amandendsat3:30TherearethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoonWedidn’tneedtodosomuchhomewor據(jù)上文動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)可知，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。begandon’t212014全國(guó)Ⅱ卷Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelaelisteningtomusic與or前的lie并列，sit也用原形。222014全國(guó)Ⅱ卷MydreamschoolloolieabiggardenThereareallindsofflowers…Wecanlie…一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Mydreamschool是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要加s。sitlooks232013全國(guó)Ⅰ卷SheusedtoholdmeonherneesandsingoldsongsIwasonlyfourwhenshecupswithouthandles構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用過(guò)去分詞。drunkpassed252012全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷Butbeforelong,theybegantoseewhatwashayfifthbirthdaytoytrain,myfathersaid,“That’sitNomoretoysforyou”上下文謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)都是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。262012全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷MyentlastedayearMeanwhile,Ifoundoutthatwithmoreustmaemytoyslast更有耐心,才“可以”讓玩具持續(xù)更久。torecould/might272011全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriend’shelentmelotsofclothesIfeelveryhayclothesatlast上文謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是用一般過(guò)去時(shí),而feel卻用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不一致。felt282011全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷Lucily,Ihadallmymoneyinmypocet,buttheonlyclothesIhadwasthoseIhadon句中thatIhad是定語(yǔ)從句,主句主語(yǔ)是clothes，為復(fù)數(shù)，故was改用were才主謂一致。were析考情分考情：謂語(yǔ)在高考中不但每年必考而且是考查的重點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)法填空考1～2題，短文改錯(cuò)考1～3題。主要考查：1動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，主要是上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致和并列一致；2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);3主謂一致；4虛擬語(yǔ)氣；5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。解法：1要弄清全文是敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生了的事還是客觀地講述目前的情況，特別留意上下文的時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)樯舷挛臅r(shí)態(tài)一致是考查的重點(diǎn)，并列一致一定要弄清跟誰(shuí)并列。2要分析主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一定是“助動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞”；主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，若是行為動(dòng)詞且不是進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，不能用be。3主謂一致主要是找準(zhǔn)主語(yǔ)。4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞重點(diǎn)考查其后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。但2012年全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷的改錯(cuò)題要求考生將must改為can。5虛擬語(yǔ)氣，到目前為止僅考過(guò)一次,即2016全國(guó)Ⅱ卷的改錯(cuò)題中要求考生清楚在suggest后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要用“should動(dòng)詞原形”。練模擬操一、語(yǔ)法填空12018河南安陽(yáng)Thees因datebacto/datefrom=haveeistedsince自某時(shí)代存在至今，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。dates22018河南診調(diào)BillBryson’sbooAReallyShortHistoryofNearlyEverything_________covermanydifferentaspectsofscience主語(yǔ)BillBryson’sboo是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，而且是指該書(shū)的涵蓋內(nèi)容這一事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。covers32018廣東東莞Redtea,togetherwithgreentea,wulongteaandpu’ertea,________ranthetopfourfavorites介紹中國(guó)四大名茶，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是Redtea，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故填rans。42018福建龍巖It______taeplaceonDec25everyyeartocelebratethebirthofJesusChrist由everyyear可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。ranstaes52018四川內(nèi)江Chineseum菊花onDoubleNinthDaylongago由longago可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。62018甘肅張掖LiealltheotherEnglishlearners,I_________meetmanydifficultiesintheet。havemetwere72018湖北襄陽(yáng)InSweden,andQuebecinCanada,there__________benogreatdifferenceinthenumberofobesechildrensincethegovernmentbannedfoodadsinchildren’stelevision由since引導(dǎo)的從句一般與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。hasbeen82018河北滄州Mobie,aleadingcomorethan4,000smartobie是單數(shù)，故填hasset。92018湖北黃岡“Nowthinaboutthis:lifeisthecoffee,andthejobs,moneyandpositioninsociety____bethecups”由前句的時(shí)態(tài)可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)為多個(gè)名詞并列組成，即主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，故填are。hassetare102018貴州遵義ThepopulationofChina___bealreadyover13billionnow主語(yǔ)Thepopulation指人口數(shù)目，應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，再由now可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。112018廣西桂林Thereweredragonseverywhere,upanddown,frontandbacIntheheavensthere_____bearealdragon主語(yǔ)arealdragon是單數(shù)，再根據(jù)前句的時(shí)態(tài)可知。iswas122018湖北孝感TheDoubleEleventhDayisalsocalledSingles’Day,whichfallsonNov11It__________getmoreandmoreeabigdayforpurchasinganddating由表示變化的moreandmore可知用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。isgetting132018廣東東莞The1990s_____seeamajoremodationforteachingandresearch由主語(yǔ)The1990s可知用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，這句用的是擬人的修辭手法。142018云南二檢Muchofhismostcelebratedwordatesfromthe1960s,whenhissongs_________recordsocialunrest由the1960s可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。sawrecorded152018福建龍巖Usersinthecountriesfeltecitedand_______selvesridingChinesebiesonsocialmedia由與之并列的felt可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。162018廣州調(diào)研Onerainyday,ashewentforawal,aleapingfrog______drawhisattentiontoapuddle泥潭由Onerainyday可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，或由從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞went可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。posteddrew172018安徽蚌埠WhenIwenttothetheatre,thereweretwowomenaheadofmeinlineIheardoneladyasforaticetforthesamemovieI____________________seeIofferedhermyetrafreeticet意思是跟作者“將要看的”是同一部電影,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞heard是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。wouldsee/wastosee182018河北保定Ididn’tthinCambridgeUniversity____________taesomeonelieme,butmycoursetutorencouragedmetoapply由句意“我認(rèn)為劍橋大學(xué)不會(huì)錄取像我這樣的人，但是我的導(dǎo)師鼓勵(lì)我申請(qǐng)劍橋”可知,用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。wouldtae192018安徽蕪湖Lateron,ImentionedtheincidentofmeetingthechiefbosstomycolleaguesAndIrealiedthatI_________maeabigfoolofmyself因“犯錯(cuò)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在realied這個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去，因此要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。hadmade202018廣東東莞Atosphere,teahouses_____________decoratewithtraditionalpaintingsandfurniture因teahouses與decorate是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);又由Atpresent可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。decoratedare212018四川內(nèi)江Theflower______________introducetoJapanduringtheTangDynasty因Theflower與introduce是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),又由duringtheTangDynasty可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。wasintroduced222018山西孝義ites________________flyinJantogivethansforagoodharvest由flyites放風(fēng)箏可知，ites與fly是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；再由forhundredsofyears可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。havebeenflown232018河北邯鄲Today,heissogoodatwoodcarvingthathishomecityallowshimtoworhismagiconoldtreestumpsandsofarabout40worsofart__________________createinthelocalpars由sofar可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),又因worsofart與create創(chuàng)作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。havebeencreated242018安徽黃山Besides,highertaesshould________ent由by短語(yǔ)或由與之并列的entered可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。bepaidcreated二、短文改錯(cuò)12018山東壽光SomestudentsatschoolweretooaddictedtototheirhealthTherefore,youarestronglyadvisedtoridyourselfofthem主從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致。主句were是過(guò)去時(shí)而從句does是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主從句時(shí)態(tài)不一致，必有一個(gè)錯(cuò)了；由下文are可知，應(yīng)都用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故改were為are。are22018河北承德First,smoingisbadforone’shealth…Second,smoingoingwastesmoney上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致。由is和wastes可知,這里指客觀事實(shí),都應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),故改polluted為pollute。pollutes32018安徽黃山MynieceMaryisaSenior3student,whodevotedherselftoherlessonseverydayLastSaturday,asusual,shewenttoseveralclasses…主從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。由主句時(shí)態(tài)和everyday可知，定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，指通常情況。devotes42018廣東揭陽(yáng)Andnowadaystheyusemobilem