(中德康復(fù)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)課件)2506康復(fù)技術(shù)培訓(xùn) 養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)

DisabilityinGermany–殘障在德國

aGeneralOverview概論P(yáng)rof.Dr.iur.FelixWelti,FelixWeilti教授法學(xué)博士UniversityofKassel,FacultyofHumanities,InstituteofSocialWork卡塞爾大學(xué)，人文學(xué)院，社會(huì)工作研究所ChairforRehabilitationandDisabilityLaw

康復(fù)及殘疾法教授

DisabilityinGermany–殘障在德國

25.06.2015|2DefinitionandConceptofDisability殘障的定義和概念ReferringtotheInternationalClassificationofFunctioning,DisabilityandHealth(ICF)

參照國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統(tǒng)§2ISocialCodeBook9:Aphysical,mentalorintellectualImpairmentofmorethansixmonthswhichrelevantlyhindersParticipationintheSociety.

超過六個(gè)月的，阻礙正常社會(huì)生活的，身體上，精神上或者智力上的損傷“Peoplearenotdisabled,theyarebeingdisabled.”殘障者非生而殘障？25.06.2015|2Definitionand25.06.2015|3DisabilityisassessedandapprovedbytheMaintenanceDepartmentindegreesfrom20to100殘障程度由維護(hù)部門評估劃分為從20到100的等級

SevereDisabilitystartswithDegree50

高于50級為嚴(yán)重殘障25.06.2015|3Disabilityis25.06.2015|4GeneralPrinciplesoftheCovenantofRightsofPersonswithDisabilities(Art.2CRPD)

殘疾人權(quán)力公約第二條例的一般原則InherentDignity

尊重固有尊嚴(yán)IndividualAutonomy

尊重個(gè)人自由Non-Discrimination

不歧視ParticipationandInclusion

參與與融入社會(huì)RespectforDifference尊重差異EqualityofOpportunity

機(jī)會(huì)均等Accessibility

便利設(shè)施無障礙EqualitybetweenMenandWomen

男女平等RespectfortheRightsofChildren

兒童權(quán)利的尊重25.06.2015|4GeneralPrinci25.06.2015|5Non-Discrimination(Art.5CRPD)

不歧視（殘疾人權(quán)力公約第五條例）EnshrinedinArt.3GermanConstitution(Grundgesetz)依據(jù)于德國憲法第三條例StrengthenedbyEU-Directive2000/78forEmployment

由歐洲議會(huì)的2000/78雇傭法案得到加強(qiáng)BindsStateandPublicBodiesaswellasEmployersandPersonsofferingGoodsandServicestothePublic

聯(lián)合政府、公共組織、雇主和和公共服務(wù)人員Iscontrolledbythecourts,includingFederalConstitutionalCourt

由法院包括聯(lián)邦憲法法院管制NewConceptofReasonableAccomodation(Art.5IIICRPD):NecessaryModificationandAdjustmentstoensurethefullEnjoymentandExerciseofallHumanRights

合理設(shè)施的新概念：提供合理便利以保證享受和運(yùn)用所有人權(quán)ConcretizedinGermanLabourLawasataskofEmployerincaseofLong-termillness(“CompanyIntegrationManagement”,§84SocialCodeBook9)

德國勞動(dòng)法明確規(guī)定，雇主應(yīng)承擔(dān)該任務(wù)，若雇傭者患有長期性疾?。ǖ聡鐣?huì)法典9第84條“企業(yè)整合管理”）25.06.2015|5Non-Discrimina25.06.2015|6Accessibility(Art.9CRPD)

無障礙（殘疾人權(quán)利公約第9條例）EqualAccesstothephysicalEnvironment,Transportation,Information,Communicationandtootherfacilitiesandservicesopentothepublic

享有同等使用物理環(huán)境、交通、信息、交流和其他公共設(shè)施和服務(wù)InGermanyfixedlegallyfornewPublicBuildings,PublicDocumentsandWebsites

在德國新的公共建筑、文檔和網(wǎng)站需強(qiáng)制符合規(guī)定？StilldifficultImplementation

依然很難實(shí)行25.06.2015|6Accessibility25.06.2015|7Participation

參與Key-wordofGermanDisabilityLawandofICF

德國殘障法案和ICF的關(guān)鍵詞AvoidingSeparationandpromotingInclusion

避免隔離，促進(jìn)交融PoliticalDimension:“Nothingaboutuswithoutus.”

政治參與；任何事情都與殘障人士相關(guān)“Accessibilityisgoodforall.”

可及性有利于所有人Demonstrationinfavourofsame-levelcrossroadsinKassel.25.06.2015|7Participation25.06.2015|8Rehabilitation(Art.26CRPD)

康復(fù)（殘疾人權(quán)力公約第26條例）TraditionalSysteminGermany

德國傳統(tǒng)體系RegulatedinSocialCodeBook9from2001

2001年起由社會(huì)法典9調(diào)控SeveralPublicAdministrativeBodies,obligedtocoordinateandcooperateundercommonrules

很多公眾行政組織在常規(guī)條款規(guī)定下必須進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)和合作RehabilitationhasprioritybeforeInvalidityPensionandprioritybeforeLong-termCare

康復(fù)優(yōu)先于傷殘撫恤金和長期照顧ServicesandInstitutionsareinmostcasesrunbynon-profitwelfare-organizations;alsoprivateandpublicservicesandinstitutions服務(wù)和機(jī)構(gòu)大多是由非盈利福利組織運(yùn)行，也有私立和公共服務(wù)和機(jī)構(gòu)Umbrella:FederalComitteeforRehabilitation保護(hù)傘：聯(lián)邦康復(fù)委員會(huì)www.bar-frankfurt.de25.06.2015|8RehabilitationMedicalRehabilitation醫(yī)學(xué)康復(fù)PensionInsuranceisresponsibleforrehabilitationofworkersandinvalidpensionerstopreventinvalidityandregaincapacity

養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)應(yīng)承擔(dān)勞動(dòng)者的康復(fù)和殘障撫恤金，以防止殘障并讓勞動(dòng)者重獲能力HealthInsuranceisresponsibleespeciallyforchildren,students,old-agepensioners健康保險(xiǎn)應(yīng)尤其承擔(dān)兒童、學(xué)生、老人的撫恤金Nearlythewholepopulationiscovered

基本全部人口都被覆蓋25.06.2015|9MedicalRehabilitation醫(yī)學(xué)康復(fù)25.VocationalRehabilitation職業(yè)康復(fù)PensionInsuranceisresponsibleforrehabilitationofworkersandinvalidpensionerstopreventinvalidityandregaincapacity養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)應(yīng)承擔(dān)勞動(dòng)者的康復(fù)和殘障撫恤金，以防止殘障并讓勞動(dòng)者重獲能力FederalEmploymentAgencyisresponsibleespeciallyforyoungerpersonswhohavetobeincludedinworkinglifeforthefirsttime聯(lián)邦就業(yè)局負(fù)有責(zé)任，向初入職場的年輕人提供該項(xiàng)服務(wù)Nearlythewholepopulationiscovered近乎全部人口都被覆蓋25.06.2015|10VocationalRehabilitation職業(yè)康復(fù)SocialRehabilitation(Eingliederungshilfe)

社會(huì)康復(fù)（融入社會(huì)幫助）MunicipalitiesareresponsibleforSocialAssistance

市當(dāng)局應(yīng)有責(zé)任給予社會(huì)幫助CarriedoutbyServicesandSpecialInstitutionsforShelteredHousing

由社會(huì)康復(fù)服務(wù)和特定機(jī)構(gòu)提供必要的居所25.06.2015|11SocialRehabilitation(EinglieIndependenceandLivingintheCommunity獨(dú)立和生活在社區(qū)ImportantPrincipleofArt.19CRPDandimportantaimofDisabilityOrganizations

殘疾人權(quán)力公約第19條

的重要原則和殘障組織的目標(biāo)LegalandofficialPolicy法律規(guī)定和正式準(zhǔn)則Conflictedcaseswhenindependentlivingseemstobemorecostlythanlivingininstitutions

矛盾情況：當(dāng)獨(dú)立生活比生活在公開機(jī)構(gòu)費(fèi)用更高的時(shí)候25.06.2015|12?Livingathome,notinaHome“

德語”DaheimstattHeim“在家生活，而非養(yǎng)老院IndependenceandLivinginthe25.06.2015|13RecognitionbeforetheLawandAccesstoJustice在法律面前獲得平等承認(rèn)和獲得司法保護(hù)DemandedinArt.12,13CRPD

由殘疾人權(quán)力第12條和13條條例要求TraditionalGuardianshiphasbeenreplacedbyLegalSupport

傳統(tǒng)的監(jiān)護(hù)人以由法律援助代替LegalSupportisbeingorderedandcontrolledbytheLegalSupportCourt

法律援助由法律援助法庭提供和調(diào)節(jié)Ifpossiblebyrelatives,spouses,friendsandvolunteers;ifnecessarybyprofessionalsupporters

如果有可能，由親屬、配偶、好友和自愿者；如果有必要由專業(yè)援助者提供1.3MillioncasesofLegalSupportin2013

在2013年有130萬法律援助的案例FullaccessfordisabledpersonstoGermanJustice

殘障人士享有完整的德國權(quán)利25.06.2015|13Recognitionb25.06.2015|14PersonalMobility

個(gè)人行動(dòng)能力DemandedinArt.20CRPD

由殘疾人權(quán)力公約第20條條例

提出TechnicalaidsasapartofRehabilitation

技術(shù)支持是康復(fù)的一部分AccessibilityofPublicTransport

公共交通需要為殘障人士提供便利25.06.2015|14PersonalMobi25.06.2015|15ExpressionofOpinionandAccesstoInformation表達(dá)意見的自由和獲得信息的機(jī)會(huì)DemandedinArt.21CRPD由殘疾人權(quán)力公約第21條例要求SignLanguageandTechnicalAidsaspartofRehabilitation

啞語和技術(shù)幫助是康復(fù)的一部分AccessibilityofInternetandTelevision

能上網(wǎng)和看電視25.06.2015|15Expressionof25.06.2015|16Education教育InclusionintheGeneralEducationSystemandreasonableAccomodationisrecognizedinArt.24CRPD

能享受接受教育權(quán)力和合理便利，是獲得殘疾人權(quán)力公約第24條例承認(rèn)的CompulsoryEducationforallchildren,includingmentallyandintellectuallyimpairedchildren,isrealized

向包括精神疾病和智力障礙在內(nèi)的所有兒童實(shí)現(xiàn)義務(wù)教育6,6%ofallchildrenhavespecialeducationalneeds(2012/2013)

2012至2013年有6.6%的兒童需要特殊教育幫助Mostofthemattendspecialschools(343.343in2013)

大部分這些兒童進(jìn)入特殊學(xué)校（2013年343343）Righttoinclusiveschoolisdisputed

是否該有進(jìn)入正常學(xué)校的權(quán)利仍在討論中25.06.2015|16Education教育25.06.2015|17HealthandCare

健康和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生Righttothehighestattainablestandardofhealthwithoutdiscriminationwiththesamerange,qualityandstandardasprovidedtoothersisrecognizedinArt.25CRPD殘疾人權(quán)利公約第25條條例確認(rèn)：殘疾人有權(quán)享有可達(dá)到的最高健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不受基于殘疾的歧視

NearlyalldisabledpersonshaveaccesstoPublicHealthInsurance,e.g.byworkinginshelteredworkshopsorbybeinginvaliditypensionersoraschildrenofinsuredpersons幾乎所有的殘疾人都擁有公共健康保險(xiǎn)渠道，例如：在受保護(hù)的區(qū)域工作，養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)，受保人子女的保護(hù)LackofaccessibilityofphysiciansisidentifiedasaproblemintheNationalActionPlan

缺少看醫(yī)生渠道是該國家行動(dòng)計(jì)劃的障礙25.06.2015|17HealthandCaLong-TermCare長期醫(yī)療服務(wù)AccesstoPublicLong-termCareInsuranceforallpersonsinPublicHealthInsurance所有擁有公共健康保險(xiǎn)的人都應(yīng)有享受長期醫(yī)療服務(wù)的權(quán)力Assessmentinthreestages由三個(gè)階段評估Benefitshavetobesupplementedbyfamiliesorsocialassistance

給予家屬或者社會(huì)援助者補(bǔ)助25.06.2015|18Long-TermCare長期醫(yī)療服務(wù)25.06.20125.06.2015|19WorkandEmployment工作和就業(yè)RighttoworkonanequalbasiswithothersincludingtherighttotheopportunitytogainalivingbyworkfreelychosenoracceptedisrecognizedinArt.27CRPD

殘疾人權(quán)力公約第27條確認(rèn)殘疾人在與其他人平等的基礎(chǔ)上享有工作權(quán)，擁有為謀生自由選擇或接受工作的權(quán)利InclusioninLabourMarketisdutyofEmployers:EveryEmployerhastoemploy5%severelydisabledpersonsorpaylevy促進(jìn)殘疾人融入勞動(dòng)市場是雇主的義務(wù)：每個(gè)雇主應(yīng)雇傭5%的嚴(yán)重殘障人員或繳納稅收IntegrationOfficeandVocationalRehabilitationsupportworkersandemployers整合辦公室和職業(yè)康復(fù)應(yīng)支持勞動(dòng)者和雇主ShelteredworkshopsareofferedforpersonswhoarenotabletoworkontheregularLabourmarket(around288.000Persons,2013)向需便利的殘疾人提供受保護(hù)工作場所（2013年約288000人）25.06.2015|19WorkandEmpl25.06.2015|20SocialProtection社會(huì)保護(hù)AccordingtoArt.28CRPD

依據(jù)于殘疾人權(quán)力公約第28條TraditionallyInvalidityPensionispaidbyPensionInsurance

依照舊例，殘障人得養(yǎng)老金由養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)公司提供Access