高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識點梳理課件14 名詞性從句

高考英語語法英語老師Kathy十大詞類與構(gòu)詞法02動詞及動詞時態(tài)04非謂語動詞08名詞性從句09情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣11倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句12高考語法體系01句子成分和五種基本句型03被動語態(tài)06定語從句07狀語從句10主謂一致05指出下列名詞在句中所做的成分。

1.Theworld

lovesnature.2.Knowledgeis

power.3.We

Chinese

are

peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名詞性從句名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語

{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表語Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{賓語

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位語

{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句4名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.名詞性從句必須是陳述詞序.2.名詞性從句謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)，what引導(dǎo)的從句單復(fù)數(shù)取決于be后面的表語。主語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句稱為主語從句。主語從句一般位于句首，也可以用形式主語it代替，將主語從句放在句末。Underlinethesubjectiveclauses.1.Whatcan’tkillyouwillmakeyoustronger.2.Whichlanguageyouwilllearnisuptoyou.3.Whetheryouwillsucceeddependsonhowhardyoutry.4.ThatheturnedouttobeNo.1inthetestsurprisedusagreatdeal.5.Whattheoldneedmostiscare.6.Whatwestudentsneedbadlyaremanyopportunitiestoproveourselves.Hefailedintheexamsurprisedusagreatdeal.Whenwillthecelebrationbeginhasnotbeendeterminedyet.Thattheboyoftenmakessomenoisesannoytheneighborgreatly.主語從句必須有一個引導(dǎo)詞.從句必須是陳述句詞序.3.主語從句謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)，what引導(dǎo)的主語從句單復(fù)數(shù)取決于be后面的表語。（×）（×）（×）1.1主語從句引導(dǎo)詞that,if,weather引導(dǎo)主語從句只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。whether,if意為“是否”.1.1從屬連詞that,whether,ifWhether可以用于句首，if不可以用于句首。it作形式主語，主語從句后置時whether/if都可以.1.Thathepassedtheexammademeamazed.2.Whetherhewillsucceedremainstobeseen.3.Ifitwillraintomorrowisnotclear.4.Whetheritwillraintomorrowisnotclear.5.Itisnotclearwhether/ifitwillraintomorrow.（×）連接代詞who，what，which,whom,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever引導(dǎo)主語從句在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。1.2連接代詞①Whowilltakepartinthepartyhasnotbeendecidedyet.②WhoevercometotheYellowmountainwillbeamazedbyitsscenery.③Whathesaidismeaningful.⑤Whosesongwillbechosenisstillunknown.⑥Whichsongwillbechosenhasnotbeendecided..

1.Whatyousaidisright.2.Whateveryousaidisright.=Anythingthatyousaidisright.3.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.=Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.4.Youcanpickwhicheverbookyoulike.=Youcanpickanybookthatyoulike.whoever=anyonewhowhatever=anythingthatwhichever=any+名詞+定從，并且不能寫成nomatter+wh-的形式Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.=Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.______

heisafamoussingerisknowntous.______theyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.______

universityLiHuawillgoisunknown.______hewantsisabook._____I’munwillingtodoisrefusehisinvitation.______studentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.1.that:不做成分,只起連接作用，不能省略2.what除連接作用外，還在充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、補語等。3.which(意為哪種，哪個…，表選擇)what強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容，which強(qiáng)調(diào)選擇。what無范圍，which有范圍。ThatThatWhichWhatWhatWhich

連接副詞when，where，how，why在主語從句中做狀語。1.5連接副詞Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Whentheywillsetoffisnotdecided.Wheresheisfromisunknown.Howwewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.主語從句為了避免“頭重腳輕”,常用it作形式主語,把主語從句放在后面。常見句型：(1)It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句Itisobviousthatthesemeasuresareeffective.Itisnaturalthathe(should)fallinlovewithher.(2)It＋be＋名詞(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that從句Itisapitythatwelostthematch.(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said/told/reported/suggested等)＋that從句Itisreportedthat20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.Itissuggestedthatweshoulddoexerciseeveryday.(4)It＋不及物動詞(seem，appear，happen，matter,occur等)＋that從句ItoccurredtomethatIdidn’tclosethedoor.(我突然想到…)=Itstruck/hitmethatIt

happens

that

(碰巧…)Itseems/appearsthat(似乎）Itmatterslittlewhathesaid=Itdoesn’tmatterwhathesaid.It’scertain/possible/unlikely/obviousthat…Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange...that…shoulddo…Practice1_______theteachersaidisveryimportant.2._________wewillgototheparktomorrowafternoonbybushasn’tbeendecidedyet.3.________theearthgoesroundthesunisknowntousall.4._______canjoininthesportsmeetisdecidedbytheteacher.5.________isneededforsuccessisyourhardwork.6._________thetreesinthegardenwillbeplantedhasn’tbeendecided.WhatWhoWhatWhenThatWhetherbybusWhether/howinthegardenWhen/Wherebybus1.連接詞that/whether/if//where/how/when/why/who/what/which/whomSummarizethegrammaticalrules3.引導(dǎo)主語從句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主語的whether/if都可以.2.That在主語從句中不能省略.4.有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免“頭重腳輕”,常用

it作形式主語,而把從句放在后面.5.主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但也要看表語單復(fù)數(shù)形式才可以決定。YiYangqianxiisouryouth’sidol._____heiscoolandhandsomeattractsusyouthgreatly.Actually,_____makeshimouridolisnothisdancingandsingingskills,buthisloveforsocialcharities._____Yihasdonealotofsocialcharityisworthhighlypraising.____issaid_______ourschoolhasaskedhimtogiveaspeechnextmonth._______ismentionedis___heonceactedasanadvocatorofsmokingcontrolbyWHO.________becomeshisfanshasbeenhopingtoseehiminpersononeday.However,______hewillcomeandvisitourschoolisstillunknown.Activity5.ThatwhatThatItthatWhatthatWhoeverwhetherItisuniversallyacknowledgedthatTuYouyouisabsolutelyagreatfemalescientist

inChina,evenintheworld.That

TuwontheNobelPrizeofnaturalscienceawardasthefirstChinesemainlandcompletelysurprisedChinesepeople.HowTuandherteamcarriedouttheirresearchworkisunimaginableforpeople,whichisalonghardjourneytohergreatsuccess.Whatisdeservedtobementionedisthat

sheowedherhonortoherwholeteamandourcountry,whichshowedherpassionandlovetoChinesepeopleandourhomeland.…2.賓語從句賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句稱為賓語從句。賓語從句有三種。1.動詞的賓語從句Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.2.介詞的賓語從句OursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanotherDidshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?Ididn’ttellhimanythingexceptthatIneededmoney.3.形容詞的賓語從句表示情感的形容詞（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等T與系動詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面所跟的的從句也可算是賓語從句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.介詞后面賓語從句不用which和if引導(dǎo)，后面跟whether和wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用,that不能省略。2.1賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，常被省略。2.2從屬連詞thatShetoldme(that)shewouldacceptmyinvitation.He

said

(that)

shewaswrongandthateveryonewashurtbyherwords.1.從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。2.3不能省略that2.It作形式賓語時也不能省略that.Let'smakeitarulethatwemustn'tspeakChineseinEnglishclass.Hesaid(that)shewaswrongandthateveryonewashurtbyherwords.3.that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用,此時that不能省略。Ididn’ttellhimanythingexceptthatIneededmoney.whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句，常可互換。2.2從屬連詞whether,ifEverythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.1.介詞后的賓語從句2.3用whether不用if2.主語從句（位于句首）、表語從句、同位語從句Whetheritwillraintomorrowisnotclear.

Itisnotclearwhether/ifitwillraintomorrow.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.3.后接動詞不定式時Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.4.從句中有ornot時5.在discuss，wonder，doubt等動詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldstoptheexperiment.1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/

whetherwhetherwhetherwhether2.4it作形式賓語常見句型：(1)動詞find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋賓補＋賓語從句Let'smakeitarulethatwemustn'tspeakChineseinEnglishclass.(2)動詞hate/like/dislike/＋it＋when/ifappreciate/+it+ifIhateitwhen/ifhespeaksinarudemanner.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.(3)動詞短語seeto/dependon/relyon＋it＋從句Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.(4)固定搭配takeitforgrantedthat/oweittosbthat＋從句Don'ttakeitforgrantedthatyourparentsshouldsupportyouallyourlife.IoweittoyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.IowemyprogressinEnglishtoyouDon’ttakeyourparents’loveforgranted(1)如果主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或?qū)淼哪撤N時態(tài)時，（一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài)（現(xiàn)在時，過去時，將來時…)Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.MarysaysthatTomisdoingwellinhislesson.(2)如果主句是過去的時態(tài),那么賓語從句須用過去的某種時態(tài).如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理，其謂語動詞則仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。Shesaidthatshemissedusverymuch.Shesaidthatshewaswritingaletter.ShesaidthatshewouldvisittheGreatWall.Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.2.6賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定前移。Wedon’tbelievethathewillwinthegame.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分2.7賓語從句語序Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgoto

thelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegoto

thelibrary.

Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantsto

buy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewantto

buy.

doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用whether/if引導(dǎo)從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用that引導(dǎo)從句。Idoubtwhether/ifhehaspassedtheexam.Idon’t

doubtthathehaspassedtheexam.besure用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接that引導(dǎo)從句；用于否定句時，后接whether/if引導(dǎo)從句。Iamsurethathehaspassedtheexam.Iamnotsurewhether/ifhehaspassedtheexam.2.7doubt,besure用法3.表語從句引導(dǎo)詞表語從句：跟在系動詞后面的從句稱為表語從句。連接表語的系動詞有be,look,remain,seem,appear,smell,feel,taste,sound,look等等that,weather引導(dǎo)表語從句只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。3.1從屬連詞that,whetherThefactisthathe

failedintheexam.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.連接代詞whatLifeiswhathappenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.

asif/asthough意為“好像，仿佛”，常跟在系動詞seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等之后引導(dǎo)表語從句。若表語從句所述的是非真實的情況，從句用虛擬語氣；若所述的是事實或是極可能發(fā)生的情況，從句用陳述語氣。3.2asif/asthough引導(dǎo)表語從句Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.HelooksasifhewerefromtheMars.

asif/asthough意為“好像，仿佛”，從句所述的是非真實的情況，用虛擬語氣；若所述的是事實或是極可能發(fā)生的情況，用陳述語氣?？梢砸龑?dǎo)方式狀語從句，也可以跟在系動詞seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等之后引導(dǎo)表語從句。表語從句：Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.HelooksasifhewerefromtheMars.

狀語從句：Doasyouaretold,oryou’llbefired.Theladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.（虛擬語氣）Heclosedhiseyesasifhewastired.（陳述語氣）3.2常見的表語從句(1)Thisiswhy…這就是為什么…”Thisiswhyhewaslate.(2)Thisisbecause…“這是因為……”Thisisbecausehewasill.(3)Thereasonwhy...isthat…“……的原因是……”Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasill.(that不能用because,reason不能和because連用）在表語從句中,表“是否”時,只能用“whether”，不能用“if”。2.一般情況下，“that”不能省。3.Itis/wasbecause…Itis/waswhy…4.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat…5.Thereasonisbecause/why…that….3.3RulesNounclausesastheappositiveGrammar4.同位語從句同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語,其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面,對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞有that/when/where/why/how/whether。1.Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.SydneykepthispromisethathewoulddoanythinghecouldforLucietomakeher

happy.3.Wearediscussingtheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.4.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.5.Ihavenoideawhathedid.6.Wordcamethatawarbrokeoutbetweenthetwocountries.(消息傳來…)4.1同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語,其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面,對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。同位語從句常用that或連接副詞when/where/why/how/whether引導(dǎo)。1.Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.SydneykepthispromisethathewoulddoanythinghecouldforLucietomakeher

happy.3.Wearediscussingtheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.4.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.5.Ihavenoideawhathedid.6.Wordcamethatawarbrokeoutbetweenthetwocountries.(消息傳來…)(1)從詞類上區(qū)別

同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等抽象意義的名詞,而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個主句。Ihaveheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.Ihaveheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday.（2）從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別

定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋,相當(dāng)于一個名詞。同位語從句中that只起連接作用,不作任何成分，不能省略。定語從句中that起連接作用，充當(dāng)賓語、主語或表語。作賓語時可以省略。how,whether,what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。（3）從連接詞和所作成分上區(qū)別區(qū)分同位語從句和定語從句時,可以在先行詞與從句之間加一個系動詞be,如果句子通順且符合邏輯,則為同位語從句。Thenewsthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.本句中,先行詞與從句之間加上一個be后為：Thereportwasthathewasgoingtoresign.因為該句句意通順,所以是同位語從句。4.1同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別

考點一:名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別

考點二:名詞性從句中的it作形式主語或形式賓語5.名詞性從句七大重點考點三:名詞性從句的語序考點四:名詞性從句中的whether,if考點五:名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句及其與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別考點六：名詞性從句的虛擬語氣考點七：定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別考點八：doubt,besure用法______

heisafamoussingerisknowntous.______theyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.______

universityLiHuawillgoisunknown.______hewantsisabook._____I’munwillingtodoisrefusehisinvitation.______studentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.1.that:不做成分,只起連接作用，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可以省略，引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時均不能省略。2.what除連接作用外，還在充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、補語等。意為“……的東西，……的地方，……的人”3.which(意為哪種，哪個…，表選擇)what強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容，which強(qiáng)調(diào)選擇。what無范圍，which有范圍。ThatThatWhichWhatWhatWhich

7._______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.1.表示“……的人或….的樣子”，相當(dāng)于thepersonthatHeisnolongerwhathewas.

5.1What引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof______mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.A.whyB.whatC.howD.which2.表示“……的東西或事情”，相當(dāng)于“thingsthat...;allthat...;3.表示“……的地方”,相當(dāng)于theplacethatThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.

In1492,ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.what相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”，所以其前不能有先行詞：你喜歡什么就拿什么吧。

Youcantakewhatyoulike.Youcantakeeverything(that)youlike.Youcantakeeverythingwhatyoulike.5.1What引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法（×）4.有時what可用作限定詞，其后修飾一個名詞IgavehimwhatbooksIhad.我把我所有的書都給他了。

Hegavemewhatmoneyhehadabouthim.他把身邊帶有的錢全給了我。

5.1What引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法5.AistoBwhatCistoD.what引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as.(A對B而言正如C對D一樣)Airistouswhatwateristofish.

_______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

Ihate_______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

=ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.5.2it作形式主語或形式賓語主語從句為了避免“頭重腳輕”,常用it作形式主語,把主語從句放在后面。常見句型：(1)It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句Itisobviousthatthesemeasuresareeffective.Itisnaturalthathe(should)fallinlovewithher.(2)It＋be＋名詞(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that從句Itisapitythatwelostthematch.(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said/told/reported/suggested等)＋that從句Itisreportedthat20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.Itissuggestedthatweshoulddoexerciseeveryday.(4)It＋不及物動詞(seem，appear，happen，matter,occur等)＋that從句ItoccurredtomethatIdidn’tclosethedoor.(我突然想到…)=Itstruck/hitmethatIt

happens

that

(碰巧…)Itseems/appearsthat(似乎）Itmatterslittlewhathesaid=Itdoesn’tmatterwhathesaid.It’scertain/possible/unlikely/obviousthat…Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange...that…shoulddo…常見句型：(1)動詞find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋賓補＋賓語從句Let'smakeitarulethatwemustn'tspeakChineseinEnglishclass.(2)動詞hate/like/dislike/＋it＋when/ifappreciate/+it+ifIhateitwhen/ifhespeaksinarudemanner.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.(3)動詞短語seeto/dependon/relyon＋it＋從句Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.(4)固定搭配takeitforgrantedthat/oweittosbthat＋從句Don'ttakeitforgrantedthatyourparentsshouldsupportyouallyourlife.IoweittoyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.IowemyprogressinEnglishtoyouDon’ttakeyourparents’loveforgranted

Thephotographswillshowyou_______.

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike

B.whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelooklike

5.3名詞性從句的語序1.介詞后的賓語從句5.4用whether不用if2.主語從句（位于句首）、表語從句、同位語從句Whetheritwillraintomorrowisnotclear.

Itisnotclearwhether/ifitwillraintomorrow.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.3.后接動詞不定式時Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.4.從句中有ornot時5.在discuss，wonder，doubt等動詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldstoptheexperiment.1:_______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

2:Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.5.4名詞性從句的whether,ifdoubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用whether/if引導(dǎo)從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用that引導(dǎo)從句。Idoubtwhether/ifhehaspassedtheexam.Idon’tdoubtthathehaspassedtheexam.1.Whatyousaidisright.2.Whateveryousaidisright.=Anythingthatyousaidisright.3.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.=Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.4.Youcanpickwhicheverbookyoulike.=You