北師版初二(下)英語第10講Unit5語法篇(學(xué)生版)

北師版初二(下)英語第10講：Unit5語法篇(學(xué)生版)北師版初二(下)英語第10講：Unit5語法篇(學(xué)生版)北師版初二(下)英語第10講：Unit5語法篇(學(xué)生版)Unit5詞匯篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________學(xué)生經(jīng)過本講學(xué)習(xí)，可以掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)詞匯句型，并在綜合能力上有必然的拓展。直接引語變間接引語（一）人稱:“一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”?！耙浑S主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要依照主句中主語的人稱變化如:Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱?；虮坏诙四闼揎?。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語一致。若是引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如:HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?"→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)。若是從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如:MrSmithsaid。"Jackisagoodworker。"→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。（二）時(shí)態(tài):直接引語在改為間接引語時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如:1)Shesaid."Ihavelostapen."→Shesaidshehadlostapen2)Shesaid."Wehopeso."→Shesaidtheyhopedso.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變成一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變成過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)變成過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變成過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)變成過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過去完成時(shí)但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。①直接引語是客觀真理。"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth，theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。②直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如:Jacksaid."John，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?"→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。③直接引語中有詳盡的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變成間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如:XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l，1980。"→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20，1980。④直接引語若是是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種屢次出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如:Hesaid，"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。⑤若是直接引語中的神情動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的形式(例:oughtto，hadbetter，usedto)和已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，(例:could，should，would，might)不再變。如:Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetoday。"→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。第1頁/共10頁（三）如何變狀語:直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)津，時(shí)間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”(例:now變成then，yesterday。變成thedaybefore)地點(diǎn)狀語，特別表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”(例:this改為that)，如:Hesaid，"Thesebooksaremine."→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.指示代詞thisthesethesethose表示時(shí)間的詞nowthentodaythatdaythisweek(month，etc)thatweek(month，etc)yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month，etc)theweek(month，etc)beforethreedays(ayear，etc)agothreedays(ayear.etc)beforetomorrowthenext(following)daynextweek(month，etc)thenext(following)week(month，etc)表地點(diǎn)的詞herethere動(dòng)詞bringtakecomego（四）句型:①直接引語若是是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如:Shesaid，"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引語若是是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.如:Hesaid，"Canyouswim，John?"→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework，haven‘you?"tmymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.③直接引語若是是特別問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(賓語從句必定用陳述句語序)。Sheaskedme，"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.④直接引語若是是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為"tell(ask，order，beg等)sb(not)todosth."句型。如:"Don’tmakeanynoise，"shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea，please，"saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.⑤直接引語若是是以“Let‘開s”頭的祈使句，變成間接引語時(shí)，平時(shí)用“suggest+動(dòng)句詞(或從句)。”如:Hesaid，"Let’gostothefilm."→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.Shesaidtomethat_______mightkeep_______bookfortwodays.A．she；thisB．I；thatC．I；thisD．you；that---Wesaidtoher，"They'rewalkingthroughthestreetnow."Wetoldherthat________throughthestreet_________.A．wewerewalking；thenB．youarewalking；nowC．theywerewalking；thenD．theywalking；nowThemanthought，"Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow."Themanthoughtthat__________takeitback_________.A．Ishall；tomorrowB．Ishall；thenextdayC．heshould；tomorrowD．hewould；thenextday第2頁/共10頁4.Hesaid，"Mother，theboyisverynaughty."→He________________verynaughty.A．saidhismotherthattheboywasB．saidtohismotherthattheboyisC．toldhismotherthattheboywasD．spoketohismotherthattheboywas5.MrsJohnsonsaid，“Idrewthepicturelastweek.”MrsJohnsonsaidthat________thepicture___________.A．shedrew；theweekbeforeB．Ihaddrawn；thatweekC．shehaddrawn；theweekbeforeD．Idrew；thelastweek剖析：1.直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，代詞要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化，you變成I，this變成that.應(yīng)選B直接引語改間接引語要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)的一致。主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句也要改成相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)。now要改成then.應(yīng)選C主句為一般過去時(shí)，從句原來為將來時(shí)，要改成相應(yīng)的過去將來時(shí)，同時(shí)人稱和神情動(dòng)詞也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化應(yīng)選D4.句意:他跟媽媽說那個(gè)男孩很俏皮。陳述句變間接引語時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞可以用tell；主句動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，間接引語也應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，故答案選C主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句從前，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。同時(shí)時(shí)間狀語也要相應(yīng)地改變應(yīng)選C基礎(chǔ)演練一單項(xiàng)選擇1.Hesaidthathe______Englishforfouryears.A.haslearnedB.hadlearnedC.islearningD.waslearning2.Mr.Smithsaidhe______verygratefultousforourkindness.A.wereB.wasC.isD.am3.Johnsaidthat______wifealways______coffeeforbreakfast.A.himdrankB.herdrankC.hisdrinkD.hisdrank4.TheteachertoldTomtofinish_____homeworkontime.A.hisB.himC.herD.hers5.Theteachersaidthathemustbring_____booktotheclassroom.A.heB.himC.hisD.she6.Hesaidhe______thisbook.A.likeB.likesC.likedD.liking第3頁/共10頁7.Hesaidthathe______herthedaybefore.A.sawB.seenC.seesD.hadseen8.Hesaidtomehe______tired.A.isB.wasC.wereD.be9.Shesaidthathe_______waitingforanhour.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.wasbeen10.HesaidtheI_____changedmuch.A.haven’tB.hasn’tC.hadn’tD.tobehaven’t二、用單詞正確形式填空Hetoldmethathe________(leave)hisbookinhisroom.．She______(say)thathewouldbebusy.．SheaskedTomwhetherhe_____(can)helpher.．Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwas_____(I)orhis.．TheteacheraskedmehowI_______(repair)it.．Theteacher___(tell)thestudentsnotto____(waste)theirtime.．ThemotheraskedTom______(get)upearly.．Theteachersaidthattheearth______(go)roundthesun.．Myfathersaidpractice_____(make)perfect.．Theboytold______(we)heusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.牢固提高把以下句子直接引語變間接引語1．Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”__________________________________2．Sheaskedme，“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”___________________________________3．Theteacherasked，“Howdidyourepairit?”__________________________________4．Shesaid，“Hewillbebusy.”__________________________________5．ShesaidtoTom，“Canyouhelpme?”__________________________________6．Theteachersaid，“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”__________________________________7．Myfathersaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”第4頁/共10頁_____________________________________8．Theboysaidtous，“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”_______________________________________9．Hesaid，“Wearestillstudents.”_______________________________10.Hesaidtome，“Iwasbornin1978.”_______________________________1.“Iamateacher，”Jacksaid.→Jacksaid_____________.A．thatIamateacherB．IwasateacherC．thatheisateacherD．hewasateacher2.Mycousinsaid，“Iwenttoaconcertthreedaysago.”Mycousintoldmethat___________aconcert______.A．he；hadgoneto；threedaysbeforeB．he；wentto；threedaysagoC．I；hadgoneto；threedaysagoD．I；wentto；threedaysbeforeShesaidshewouldreturnthedictionarytome_________.A．tomorrowB．lastdayC．thenextdayD．nextday---Theearthgoesroundthesun.Whatdidhesay?Icouldn'thearhim.____________________.A．HesaystheearthgoesroundthesunB．HesaidtheearthgoesroundthesunC．HesaidtheearthwentroundthesunD．Hesaystheearthwentroundthesun5.Hesaidtome，“Youwillpasstheexamtomorrow.”He________methat_________theexam__________.A．saidto；hewouldpass；thenextdayB．told；hewould；nextdayC．saidto；Iwouldpass；nextdayD．told；Iwouldpass；thenextday6.---"Helen，Iwillcomethismorning，"Johnsaid.John_________________________.A．toldHelenhewillcomethismorningB．saidtoHelenIwouldgothatmorningC．saidHelenhewouldcomethatmorningD．toldHelenhewouldgothatmorning---Icanspeakthreelanguages.第5頁/共10頁Whatdidshesay?Shesaidthatshe___________threelanguages.A．spokeB．couldspokeC．couldD．couldspeak8.Hesaid，“Theboyiscleaningthewindownow.”He_________________cleaningthewindow________.A．saidthattheboywas；thenB．saidthattheboyis；thenC．saidthattheboywas；nowD．saidthattheboyis；now9.Wesaidtoher，"They'rewalkingthroughthestreetyesterday."Wetoldherthat_________throughthestreet_______.A．wewerewalking；yesterdayB．youarewalking；yesterdayC．theywerewalking；thedaybeforeD．theywalking；thedaybefore10.Ishalltellhim，"Ihavewrittentoyouandhertwice."Ishalltellhimthat___havewrittento____and__twice.A．I；him；herB．you；him；herC．I；you；meD．you；me；her二、完型:重慶2019年初三第三次月考考試Areyounervouswhenyoustandinfrontofthepublic?Areyouafraidtomakeaspeech?LiJun，amiddleschoolboy，feltshywhenhewasmakingaspeechtheotherday.Lihadthoughtitwouldbequiteeasytospeakinfrontof1classmates."Iwaswrong.Itwasverydifferentandmuch2thantalkingtomyclassmatesduringplaytime，"Lisaid."Itried，butitwasreallydifficulttospeak.Ifeltlikeamute(啞吧)andwantedtoleavetheclassroom3."Liisnotalone.Manymiddleschoolstudentsnowhavethesame4:theycantalkabouttheirideasfreely5theirbestfriendsafterclass，butcan'tspeakinpublic.AccordingtoZhouHong，ateacherfromauniversity，themainreasonisthatschoolsinChinapaymoreattentiontowritinginsteadof6.Zhouhopesschoolscangivestudentsmorechancestoopentheir7，suchasspeechcompetitions，Englishcornersandclassdiscussions.Studentscanjoininanyonetheywantto.8healsogivessomeadvicetostudents."Duringyourfreetimeyoushould9more.Whenyou'respeakinginpublic，takeiteasy.Justimagineyou'retalkingtonobodyandspeakupyourideasclearly，"Zhousaid."That10afinepublicspeechandyou'llfeelconfident."1A．herB．myC．yourD．his2.A．harderB．easierC．betterD．later第6頁/共10頁3.A．slowlyB．quicklyC．sadlyD．happily4.A．a(chǎn)nswerB．subjectC．problemD．question5.A．exceptB．besideC．fromD．with6.A．listeningB．speakingC．readingD．singing7.A．mouthsB．eyesC．mindsD．hearts8.A．ButB．SoC．AndD．Or9.A．playB．practiceC．writeD．watch10.A．reportsB．keepsC．hearsD．makesAIt'stheweekbeforeschoolstarts.Aliceisshoppingforclotheswithtwofriends，NinaandVicki.Aliceputsonablackjacket，turnstoherfriends，andsays，"Hey，whatdoyouthink?"Thegirlslookatherandbothstartlaughing."Noway，Alice!"Ninalaughs."That'saman'sjacket."Alicefeelsalittleangry."Yeah，well...Ilikeit.""Yeah，"saysVicki，"butwhatwillpeopleatschoolsay?"Alicethinksforamoment.Thenshetakesoffthejacket."Yeah，you'reright."Peerpressure.Weallknowaboutit.Yourfriendswearcertainclothesorlistentocertainmusic.Youdon'twanttobedifferent.Soyoudothosethingstoo.Fifteenminuteslater，Aliceisstillthinkingabouttheblackjacket."Yeah，there'spressuretofollowothers，"sheexplains."Ifyourclothesorhairaredifferent，peoplemakefunofyou.Youknow，theylaughandpoint."Vickiagrees."It'strue.Youevenhavetohaveacertainkindofboyfriendorgirlfriend!Ithinkthese'rules'arechildish(天真的).Butwhenyou'redifferent，youfeellikeanoutsider.Andthat'shard."Alicewalksaway."HeyAlice，"callsNina."Whereareyougoing?""Togettheblackjacket.Idon'tcarewhatothersthink.Ilikeit，andI'mbuyingit."1.WhydoesAlicetakeoffthejacket?A．It'stooexpensive.B．Shedoesn'ttakeenoughmoneywithher.C．Shedoesn'tlikethecolor.D．She'sworriedaboutherfriends'opinions.2.Whatisthemeaningofpeerpressureinthispassage?A．Youwanttobelikeyourfriends，soyoudowhattheydo.B．Youwanttobedifferentfromyourfriendsandclassmates.C．Youwanttogiveyourclothestoyourfriendstowear.D．Youwanttobuyasmanyclothesasyourclassmatesdo.3.Whathappensintheend?第7頁/共10頁A．Alicegoestobuythejacket.B．Alicegetsangryandgoeshomealone.C．Alicedoesn'tbuythejacket.D．Alicedoesn'tgoshoppingwithherfriends.4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Youngpeopleshouldfollowothers.B．Girlshavedifferentideasaboutthejacket.C．Girlslikewearingdifferentkindsofclothes.D．Youngpeoplecaremuchaboutwhatothersthink.BDearDr.Smith，Mymomalwayskeepsaskingme，"What'sgoingon?"IfIwanttogotoaconcert，sheaskswhomIwillgowith.Ithinkthat'smyownbusiness(事情).Sometimesitlookslikeshedoesn'ttrust(相信)me.Itmakesmeverysad.HowcanIgethertostop?KatieDearKatie，Manyyoungpeoplehavethesameproblemasyou.Ifyoudon'ttalkmuchwithyourparents，theymightfeeltheyneedtoaskyouquestionstoknowaboutyourlife.Itseemstoyouthatyourmomisgettingintoyourbusiness，butIthinkshe'sjusttryingtokeepacloserelationship(關(guān)系)withyou.Infact，someexperts(專家)oftentellparentstostayclosetotheirkidsbyaskingthemaboutwhat'sgoingonintheirlife.Someparentsdothisbetterthanothers，ofcourse.But，unluckily，someparentsaskquestionsbecausetheydon'ttrusttheirkids.Sostartbytryingtotrustyourmom.Sheisprobablyjusttryingtostayclosetoyoubecauseshelovesandcaresaboutyou.Youcanhaveatalkwithheraboutit.Ofcourse，thatdoesn'tmakethequestionslessboring.Ifyou'retiredofsomanyquestions，tellyourmomaboutyourdaybeforesheasks.Ifyouoffer(供應(yīng))moreinformation，conversationswithyourmomwon'tseemlikeshe'sjustaskingyoutoomanyquestions!Ifyoudothis，I'msureyoucangetonwellwithyourmom.Dr.Smith5.Katie'sproblemisthat.A．sheissadaboutthepersonattheconcertB．shedoesn'tlikeorcareabouthermotherC．hermotheralwaysasksherlotsofquestionsD．hermotherdoesn'twanthertomakenewfriends6.Dr.SmiththinksKatie'smotherprobably.A．doesn'tloveKatieB．doesn'ttrustKatieC．triestostayclosetoKatie第8頁/共10頁D．triestogetintoKatie'sbusiness7.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Katie'sproblemisaspecialonetoyoungpeople.B．Dr.Smithbelievesthatallparentstrusttheirkids.C．Dr.Smith'sadviceistoanswerallofKatie'smother'squestions.D．Someexpertssuggestparentsshouldasktheirkidsabouttheirlife.8.Inwhichcolumn(欄目)canwefindthispassageinamagazine?A．HumansandNature.B．ProblemsandAdvice.C．Sports.D．Health.CCommunicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages.Ifit'shardforyoutocommunicatewithyourparents，don'tworryaboutit.Hereissomeadviceforyoutobridgethegenerationgap(代溝).Don'targuewithyourparents.Don'ttalktoyourparentswhenyouareangry.Yourparentsprobablywon'tconsideryourideasifyoushoutatthem.Andyoucan'texpressyourselfwellifyouareangry.Gotosomeplacetocooloff.Makesureyouunderstandwhyyouareunhappy.Thenthinkaboutwhatyouwanttosaytoyourpa