高中英語人教版一輪學(xué)案選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請(qǐng)按住Ctrl,滑動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。選修8Unit1AlandofdiversityⅠ.細(xì)品味經(jīng)典文章(2019·浙江高考)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatpetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).ButinparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithaputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettinginparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.Ⅱ.按要求完成任務(wù)1.寫出文章中與本單元話題有關(guān)的單詞和短語。climatechange,forests,northerncoast,contributeto,wildfire,resources,wildlands,woodcutting,dampnessofsoil,snowmelt

2.寫出文章中的優(yōu)美句式。①AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatpetewithbigtreesforresources.

②Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithaputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettinginparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt.

重點(diǎn)單詞·巧記Ⅰ.核心單詞1.despite prep.盡管;不管2.illustrate vt.說明;闡明3.occur vi.發(fā)生;出現(xiàn)4.bakery n.面包房;面包廠5.angle n.角;角度6.civil adj.公民的;國內(nèi)的;民間的7.hire vt.&n.租用;雇用8.grasp vt.&n.抓住;抓緊;掌握;領(lǐng)會(huì)9.authority n.權(quán)威;權(quán)力(pl.)當(dāng)局;官方10.reform vt.&vi.改革;革新n.改革;改造;改良11.justice n.正義;公平12.shave vt.&vi.刮;剃13.strait n.海峽14.nephew n.侄子;外甥15.pole n.地極;電極;磁極16.cattle n.牛(總稱)Ⅱ.拓展單詞1.distinct adj.清晰的;明顯的;明確的→distinctionn.差別;區(qū)分;卓著2.immigrate vi.移入(外國定居)→immigrantn.(從外國移入的)移民→immigration n.移民;移居入境3.mean v.意思是;意味著adj.吝嗇的;卑鄙的→meansn.方法;手段→meaningn.意思;意義4.major adj.主要的vi.主修n.專業(yè)→majorityn.大多數(shù);大半→minorityn.少數(shù)5.elect vt.選擇;決定做某事;選舉某人→electionn.選舉6.percent adj.百分之……的→percentagen.百分比;百分率7.race n.種族;競爭→racialadj.人種的;種族的8.cross n.十字;交叉adj.交叉的;生氣的v.使交叉;橫過→crossingn.橫渡;橫越;十字路口;人行橫道→acrossprep.在……對(duì)面9.apply vi.申請(qǐng)→applicantn.申請(qǐng)人→applicationn.申請(qǐng)書;申請(qǐng)10.thank v.感謝;感激→thankfuladj感激的;感謝的11.society n.社會(huì)→socialadj.社會(huì)的→socialistn.社會(huì)主義者;社會(huì)黨人adj.社會(huì)主義的→socialismn.社會(huì)主義12.indicate vt.指出;標(biāo)示;表明;暗示→indicatorn.指示器;指示信號(hào)→indicationn.跡象;標(biāo)示13.apparent adj.顯而易見的;顯然的;表面上的→apparentlyadv.顯然地;顯而易見地14.conduct v.管理→conductorn.(公車)售票員;列車員;(樂隊(duì))指揮15.slip vi.滑動(dòng);滑行;滑跤n.滑動(dòng);滑倒→slipperyadj.滑的16.punish vt.懲罰;處罰→punishmentn.懲罰;處罰核心短語·閃記1.liveon 繼續(xù)存在;繼續(xù)生存

2.bymeansof... 用……辦法;借助……

3.keepup 堅(jiān)持;維持;沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)

4.markout 用線畫出范圍;標(biāo)出……界線

5.takein 包括;吸收

6.applyfor 申請(qǐng);請(qǐng)示得到

7.occurtosb. 某人突然想到

8.makealife 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等

9.teamupwith 與……合作或一起工作

10.backtoback 背靠背

11.agreat/goodmany 許多;很多

12.themajorityof 大多數(shù)……

經(jīng)典句式·速記1.【句型公式】:Itis/waslikelythat...有可能……However,itislikelythat(有可能)NativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.

2.【句型公式】:why引導(dǎo)的表語從句Thatiswhy(那就是為什么)todayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.

3.【句型公式】:Itis/was+過去分詞+that...人們……/據(jù)……Itisbelievedthat(人們認(rèn)為)beforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.

1.單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞小結(jié)①manner(方式)→manners(禮貌)②paper(紙)→papers(文件)③art(藝術(shù))→arts(文科)④arm(手臂)→arms(武器)⑤work(工作)→works(作品)2.ing名詞后綴①training訓(xùn)練②belongings財(cái)產(chǎn),所有物③feeling感覺 ④meaning意義⑤wedding婚禮 ⑥painting繪畫作品⑦saying格言;警句 ⑧building建筑物Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)詞匯1.majorityn.大多數(shù);大半【教材原句】OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.(P2)在首批移居加州的西班牙人中,大多數(shù)人是宗教人士,他們的職責(zé)是向原住民傳授天主教?！驹~塊必記】(1)themajorityof 大多數(shù)beinthe/amajority 占大多數(shù);構(gòu)成大部分(2)majorin 主修(3)minor adj.較少的;次要的(4)major adj.主要的;多數(shù)的;重要的;主修的v.主修n.主修課程【誤區(qū)釋疑】(1)themajority單獨(dú)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù);“the/amajorityof+名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致。(2)themajorityof修飾的名詞通常不帶冠詞,但若需特指也可帶定冠詞。Themajorityofthelandhasbeendestroyedsofar.到目前為止,大部分土地已被破壞。Someoftheplaystoldsadstories,butthemajorityoftheplayswerereallyfunny.有些劇本講的是悲傷的故事,但大多數(shù)的劇本都很有趣?！菊Z境速測】完成句子①Thestudentsmajorinartandliteratureincollege.

這些學(xué)生在大學(xué)主修藝術(shù)和文學(xué)。②Themajorityofthemwillworkintheareasrelatedtothemajorsaftergraduation.他們中的大多數(shù)人畢業(yè)后將會(huì)在和這些專業(yè)有關(guān)的領(lǐng)域工作。

句式升級(jí)用定語從句連接①②:Themajorityofthestudentswhomajorinartandliteratureincollegewillworkintheareasrelatedtothemajorsaftergraduation.

【寫作金句】ThemajorityofthecollectionsaresomedelicateChinesevases,whichappealtovisitorsfromallovertheworld.大多數(shù)的收藏品是一些精美的中國花瓶,吸引著來自世界各地的游客。單句語法填空

①Onlyaminorityofpeopleinthatcitydonothaveacarwhilethepeopletakingthesubwaytoworkareinthemajority.

②Ihopetogainabitmoreknowledgeofgardeningsothatitcanhelpmetomajorinthegardeningafterattendingcollege.2.meansn.手段;方法【教材原句】ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.(P2)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為,這些遷居者通過史前時(shí)代曾經(jīng)存在的陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達(dá)美洲?！驹~塊必記】(1)bymeansof 用……辦法;借助……bynomeans 絕不(2)meantodosth. 打算做某事meandoing 意味著【巧學(xué)助記】Imeanttoreturnthebooktothelibrary,butIforgot,whichmeantwaitingforanotherday.BynomeansshallIforgetitagain.我本來打算把書還給圖書館的,但我忘了,這就意味著要再等一天。我絕不會(huì)再忘了?！菊Z境速測】①單句語法填空Thisisatwoyearcoursetaughtbymeansoflecturesandseminars.②同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnoneworks.→Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried,butnoneworks.

③一句多譯此外,懲罰絕不是一個(gè)幫助他們?cè)诰裆虾蜕眢w上健康成長的明智選擇。Furthermore,punishmentisbynomeansawisechoicetohelpthemgrowhealthilymentallyandphysically.

→Furthermore,bynomeansispunishmentawisechoicetohelpthemgrowhealthilymentallyandphysically.

3.occurvi.(occurring/occurred)發(fā)生;出現(xiàn)【典型例句】About400earthquakesoccurworldwideeveryday,morethanahundredthousandinayear.世界各地每天發(fā)生大約400次地震,每年超過10萬次?！驹~塊必記】sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that 某人突然想起……Itoccurstosb.todosth. 某人突然想起做某事【知識(shí)拓展】表示“某人突然想起……”的句式還有:sth.strike(s)/hit(s)sb.,sb.hit(s)/strike(s)onsth.,sth.e(s)tosb.,sth.e(s)intoone’smind等?！菊Z境速測】單句語法填空①Theideaoccurredtohiminadream.②Itoccurredtomethatshedidn’tknowIhadmovedintothenewhouse.③Itdidn’toccurtohertoask(ask)forhelp.

④Iftheclimategetsdrier,thelogicalconclusionisthatevenmoredroughtwilloccur(occur).

用takeplace,happen,occur的適當(dāng)形式填空⑤IwasinhalfwaywhenitoccurredtomethatIhadleftmynotebookhome,soIhadtofetchit.⑥Ihappenedtobetherewhenthecelebrationtookplace.

Ⅱ.核心短語4.makealife習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等;謀生【典型例句】Themanwhocanmakealifebyhishobbyishappy.以愛好謀生的人是幸福的。【詞塊必記】etolife 蘇醒過來,恢復(fù)生氣;變得更有趣;變得活躍ebacktolife 蘇醒過來;死而復(fù)生bring...backtolife 使……蘇醒過來;使……復(fù)活live/leada...life 過著……的生活【語境速測】單句語法填空①Inthisfiction,thedoctorsbroughtthegirlbacktolife.②TheoperationshouldenableBobbytolead/live(lead/live)anormallife.

③TheywenttoLondonanddecidedtomakealifethere.完成句子④WhenAlicecame(back)tolife,shedidn’tknowhowlongshehadbeenlyinghere.

當(dāng)愛麗絲蘇醒時(shí),她不知道她已經(jīng)在這里躺了多久。5.takein包括;吸收;吸入;收留,留宿;理解;欺騙;觀看【典型例句】Myhouseisfull;Ican’ttakeinanymoreguests.我的房子已(客)滿,不能再容納更多的客人了?！驹~塊必記】takedown 拆除;寫下takeoff 起飛;迅速流行;脫下、摘下takeon 雇用;呈現(xiàn)(外觀)takeover 接替、接任takeup 繼續(xù);占據(jù)(時(shí)間、空間);開始從事【語境速測】寫出下列句中黑體部分的含義①Thisisthetotalcostoftheholiday,takingeverythingin.(包括)②Don’tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.(欺騙)③ItwasseveralminutesbeforeIcouldtakeinwhathewassaying.(理解)④Hewashomeless,sowetookhimin.(收留) (收留)⑤Theywillcertainlyneedtotakeinplentyofliquid.(吸收) (吸收)Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式6.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.

人們認(rèn)為,要不了多久,民族融合將會(huì)非常之大,以至于不可能存在明顯的主要的種族或文化群體,而只是多種族、多文化的混合體?！揪湫凸健俊癐tbe+過去分詞+that從句”可以改寫為“從句主語+be+過去分詞+不定式”Itisbelievedthateducationisthemostimportantissuefacingthegovernment.→Educationisbelievedtobethemostimportantissuefacingthegovernment.教育被認(rèn)為是政府面臨的最重要的問題。此類常用句式有:Itisthoughtthat... 據(jù)認(rèn)為……Itisbelievedthat... 人們相信……Itisreportedthat... 據(jù)報(bào)道……Itishopedthat... 人們希望……Itiswellknownthat... 眾所周知……【語境速測】完成句子①ItisgenerallybelievedthatIThasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.人們普遍認(rèn)為信息技術(shù)既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)又有缺點(diǎn)。

②Itissaidthatamilitaryexercisewillbeheldbetweenthetwocountries.據(jù)說兩國之間將舉行一次軍事演習(xí)。

③Thenewmayorissaidtoeintopowernextmonth.

據(jù)說新市長下個(gè)月上任。④Itishopedthattheterriblediseasewillsoonbecontrolled.人們希望這種可怕的疾病能很快得到控制。

【寫作金句】①It’swellknownthat“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”眾所周知,“有志者事竟成?！?開頭句)②Itishopedthatthesesuggestionswouldbeofgreathelptoyou.希望這些建議能對(duì)你有很大幫助。(總結(jié)句)【備選要點(diǎn)】1.electvt.選擇;決定做某事;選舉某人【典型例句】ThepeopleofthePhilippineshavevotedtoelectanewpresident.菲律賓人民已投票選舉出了一位新總統(tǒng)?！驹~塊必記】(1)electsb.(as/tobe)+職位=sb.beelected(as/tobe)+職位選舉某人為……(職位前無冠詞)electtodosth. 決定做某事(2)election n.選舉【語境速測】單句語法填空①ShebecamethefirstblackwomanwhowaselectedasMemberofParliamenttotheSenate.②IfIamluckyenoughtowintheelection(elect),thefirstthingIwilldoistoenrichourstudents’afterclassactivities.③Thoseelectingtosmoke(smoke)willbeseatedattherear.

2.hirevt.&n.租用;雇用【典型例句】Therestofthestaffhavebeenhiredonshorttermcontracts.其余的工作人員簽的是短期雇用合同?！驹~塊必記】(1)hiresth.out(tosb.) 把……租出去(給某人)(2)onhire 出租forhire 可供出租【語境速測】單句語法填空①InDecember2018,Iwashired(hire)asahotelmanagerandmovedherefulltime.

②Therearethreesmallboatsavailableforhire.③Davidusedtohirehiscaroutwhenhedidn’tneedithimself.④Thedoctorhasbeenhired(hire)toraisepeople’sawarenessofhealthsincetheoutbreakoftheflu.

3.BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobeethethirtyfirstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.當(dāng)1850年加利福尼亞成為美國第31個(gè)州的時(shí)候,它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多種文化的社會(huì)了。

【句型公式】(1)bythetime+從句,意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,如果主句動(dòng)作不強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成,只是說明過去某個(gè)時(shí)候的狀況,主句常用一般過去時(shí)。(2)bythetime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂?。①bythetime+一般過去時(shí),主句常用過去完成時(shí)。②bythetime+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(表將來),主句常用將來完成時(shí)?！菊Z境速測】單句語法填空①Bythetimethemanagerarrived,thestaffhadleft(leave)thepany.

②Bythetimetheygethere,wewillhavefinished(finish)thework.

③Bythetimehewentabroad,hewas(be)fourteen.完成句子④BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadygone.

等我到達(dá)火車站時(shí),火車已經(jīng)開走了?！緦懽鹘鹁洹縏hestudentswillhavelearnedmorethan3,000idiomsbythetimethenewtermbegins.到新的學(xué)期開始,這些學(xué)生將學(xué)完了3000多個(gè)習(xí)語。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)However,themajority(major)ofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.2.(2020·浙江高考)Icouldn’tseeDon,butasIapproachedthetractorhejumpedoutontotheroad,apparently(apparent)unhurt,anddashedbacktome.3.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurred(occur)billionsofyearsago.4.(2020·天津高考)Iprobablywould