中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)-浙江大學課件

Thecentralnervoussystem

thespinalcord

XiaomingZhangDepartmentofHumanAnatomySchoolofMedicineZhejiangUniversityThecentralnervoussystem

the1TheSpinalCord1.Externalfeatures:Location:

foramenmagnum--lowerborderoffirstlumbarvertebraShape:

Alongcylindricalstructure

Enlargements:

cervicalenlargementlumbarenlargementConusmedullarisFilumterminaleTheSpinalCord2mainlongitudinalfissureandsulcionsurface:Caudaequina

posteriorlateralposteriormediansulcus

anteriorlateralanteriormediansulcusfissuresulcusFilumterminalemainlongitudinalfissureand3Spinalsegment:

It'sapartofspinalcord,whichisconnectedwiththerootletsofapairofspinalnerve.31segments

8cervicalsegments

12thoracicsegments

5lumbarsegments

5sacralsegments

1coccygealsegmentsSpinalsegment:4Correspondingrelationshipbetweenspinalsegmentsandvertebrae

spinalsegmentscorrespondtovertebrae

C1-C4C1-C4C5~T8,Tl~T4 C4-C7,C7~T3T5~T8 T3~T6T9-T12 T6-T9L1-L5 T10-T12Sl~S5,Co1LI

Correspondingrelationshipbet52.InternalstructureThecentralcanalGraymatter:parts:Lateralhorn(onlyextendsfromTltoL3segments.)graycommissure(anteriorandposterior)Lateralhornposteriorhorn

graycommissureIntermediatezoneanteriorhorncentralcanalGraymatter2.InternalstructureLateral6Mainnuclei:

anteriorhorn:

medialgrouplateralgroupintermediatezone:intermediolateralnucleusintermediomedialnucleusposteriorhorn:

thenucleusposteromarginalisthesubstantialgelatinosathenucleusproprius:thedorsalnucleus

(thoracicnucleus)medialgrouplateralgroupintermediolateralnucleusIntermediomedialnucleus:thenucleusposteromarginalisthesubstantiagelatinosathenucleuspropriusthedorsalnucleus(thoracicnucleus)Mainnuclei:medialgrouplatera7Thenucleiandthelaminasthenucleusposteromarginalisthesubstantiagelatinosathenucleuspropriusthedorsalnucleus(thoracicnucleus)intermediolateralnucleusIntermediomedialnucleus:medialgrouplateralgroupThenucleiandthelaminasthe8Whitematter:parts:posteriorfuniculuslateralfuniculusanteriorfuniculusanteriorwhitecommissureposteriorlateralsulcusposteriormediansulcusanteriorlateralsulcusanteriormedianfissureWhitematter:posteriorfunicul9Maintracts(orfasciculi):

longascendingtracts:fasciculusgracilis:comefromsacral,lumbarandlowersixthoracicnerves,terminateuponnucleusgracilisfasciculescuneatus:comefromcervicalanduppersixthoracicnerves,terminateuponnucleuscuneatus.*conductthefinetactile(e.g.two-pointdiscrimination)andkinestheticsense(e.g.positionandmovementandvibration)oftheipsilateraltrunkandlimbs.fasciculesgracilisfasciculescuneatusMaintracts(orfasciculi):

lo10lateralandanteriorspinothalamictracts:*incorrespondingfuniculus*arisesfromoppositenucleusproprius*terminateonthalamus*conductpain,thermalandroughtactilesenseofoppositetrunkandlimbsthalamusanteriorspinothalamictractsanteriorspinothalamictractsnucleuspropriuslateralandanteriorspinothal11mainlongdescendingtracts

lateralcorticospinaltract:*arisesfromoppositecerebralcortex*descendsthroughlateralfuniculusofspinalcord*terminateonipsilateralanteriorhorn(lateralgroup)*controlsthecontractionofskeletalmusclesofipsilaterallimbs

anteriorcorticospinaltract:*controlsthemovementofbilateralmusclesoftrunklateralcorticospinaltractanteriorcorticospinaltractmainlongdescendingtractsla12

Otherdescendingtracts:

theyarerelatedtoregulatemuscletonus

tectospinaltractRubrospinaltractvestibulospinaltractReticulospinaltractlateralcorticospinaltractanteriorcorticospinaltractanteriorspinothalamictractsanteriorspinothalamictractsfasciculescuneatusFasciculesgracilisOtherdescendingtr