2024屆湖南省永州市高三上學(xué)期第一次模擬考試英語試題（解析版）

永州市2024年高考第一次模擬考試英語注意事項(xiàng)：1．本試卷共10頁，滿分150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。2．答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在答題卡上。3．選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號，不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatisthemanlookingfor?A.Ajob.B.Anadvertisement.C.Anewspaper.2.Howmuchwillthewomanpayfortheglasses?A.$40.B.$100.C.$380.3.Wherearethespeakersgoing?A.Toapark.B.Toabank.C.Toashoppingmall.4.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheexam?A.Optimistic.B.Depressed.C.Encouraged.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Helikesdarkness.B.Heisgoingblind.C.Hecan’tstandthestronglight.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?A.Dinnerout.B.Dosports.C.Goforaparty.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Husbandandwife.C.Hostessandguest.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatdoesthewomanshowtheman?A.Hervisa.B.Herpassport.C.HerIDcard.9.Whatwillthewomandowithherluggage?A.Checkitin.B.Makeitlighter.C.Takeitwithher.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Whydoesthewomangotoseetheman?A.Toaskforahigherpay.B.Toreportherachievements.C.Toinformhimofhernewjob.11.Howisthebusinessofthecompany?AWorsethanbefore.B.Betterthanbefore.C.Asgoodasbefore.12.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforthewoman’srequirement?A.Herfinancialpressure.B.Thecurrenteconomicsituation.C.Hercontributionstothecompany.13.Whathappenedtothewomanintheend?A.Shewasscoldedbytheman.B.Shegotwhatshehadwanted.C.Shelostherjobafterthetalk.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onacollegecampus.B.Inanaccountingfirm.C.Onaplane.15.BywhattimedidMikeplantofinishhistermpaper?A.February.B.July.C.November.16.WhydidMikequithispart-timejob?A.Hegottiredofthejob.B.Hewasofferedabetterone.C.Heshouldfocusonhispaper.17.WhatdidJessicaadviseMiketodo?A.Toquithispart-timejob.B.Tobalancehisneedsandwants.C.Todomorephysicalexercises.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofahitsong?A.Beingeasytoremember.B.Havinganunpleasanttune.C.Beingreleasedinanalbum.19.Whoisafolksinger?A.TaylorSwift.B.Skrillex.C.BobDylan.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Popularalbums.B.Popmusic.C.Popularartists.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將選項(xiàng)涂黑。AThereisnodoubtthatbookshavethepowertochangehowpeoplethinkabouttheworldandtheuniversearoundthem.These3astronomybookshavehadasignificantimpactonthewayhumansthinkaboutourplaceandpurposeintheuniverse:OntheHeavens(about350BC)byAristalleAristotleproposedageocentric(以地球?yàn)橹行牡?modeloftheuniverseinthebook.ThisworkissignificantasamasterworkoftheAristotelianworldview,aschoolofphilosophythatdominated(支配)intellectualthinkingforalmost2000years．Eventually，almosteverythinginitwasprovenincorrect,butOntheHeavens,whichisstillinprint,providesafascinatingviewofastronomicalevolution.TheRevolutionsofHeavenlySpheres(1543)byNicolausCopernicusInthisbookCopernicusarguedthattheSunratherthantheEarthliesinthecenteroftheuniverse.TheEarthmovesasaplanetaroundtheSun.ThemostimportantadvantageofferedbyCopernicuswasavisionoftheuniverseasanintegratedsystem,wherealltheplanetsmovetogetherinelegantharmony.TheMechanismoftheHeavens(1831)byMarySomervilleDifferentfromhisbookPhysicalGeography,thisbookwasembracedasanimportantcontributiontotheunderstandingofcelestialmotion(天體運(yùn)動).Itbecameextremelyvaluabletobothastronomersandstudentsanditwasusedasatextbookformorethanhalfacentury.Thebookwentthroughmanyrevisions,keepingpacewithastronomicaldevelopmentsovertime.Itprovesthatgiventheopportunity,womencouldmatchthemeninsciencestepforstep.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutthebookOntheHeavens?A.Itisbannedfromprinting.B.Itmainlyfocusesonphilosophy.C.Itisusedbymanyschoolstoday.D.Ithasprovenalmostcompletelywrong.2.WhatdoOntheHeavensandTheRevolutionsofHeavenlySphereshaveincommon?A.Theyrevealedthetruthoftheuniverse.B.Theyaremasterworksofthesameera.C.Theyexploredthecenteroftheuniverse.D.Theyregardtheuniverseasanintegratedsystem.3.Whichbookbringsmoremotivationtowomeninscience?A.OntheHeavens.B.PhysicalGeography.C.TheMechanismoftheHeavens.D.TheRevolutionsofHeavenlySpheres.【答案】1.D2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹三本對人類思考我們在宇宙中的位置和目的的方式產(chǎn)生了重大影響的書籍。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題OntheHeavens(about350BC)byAristalle下的“Aristotleproposedageocentric(以地球?yàn)橹行牡?modeloftheuniverseinthebook.ThisworkissignificantasamasterworkoftheAristotelianworldview,aschoolofphilosophythatdominated(支配)intellectualthinkingforalmost2000years.Eventually,almosteverythinginitwasprovenincorrect,butOntheHeavens,whichisstillinprint,providesafascinatingviewofastronomicalevolution.(亞里士多德在書中提出了一個(gè)地心說的宇宙模型。作為亞里士多德世界觀的代表作，這本書意義重大。亞里士多德世界觀是一種哲學(xué)流派，在近2000年的時(shí)間里主導(dǎo)了智力思維。最終，書中幾乎所有的內(nèi)容都被證明是錯誤的，但《論天》這本仍在印刷的書，提供了一個(gè)關(guān)于天文演化的迷人視角)”可知，OntheHeavens這本書幾乎所有的內(nèi)容都被證明是錯誤的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題OntheHeavens(about350BC)byAristalle下的“Aristotleproposedageocentric(以地球?yàn)橹行牡?modeloftheuniverseinthebook.(亞里士多德在書中提出了一個(gè)地心說的宇宙模型)”以及小標(biāo)題TheRevolutionsofHeavenlySpheres(1543)byNicolausCopernicus下的“Inthisbook,CopernicusarguedthattheSunratherthantheEarthliesinthecenteroftheuniverse.TheEarthmovesasaplanetaroundtheSun.ThemostimportantadvantageofferedbyCopernicuswasavisionoftheuniverseasanintegratedsystem,wherealltheplanetsmovetogetherinelegantharmony.(在這本書中，哥白尼認(rèn)為太陽而不是地球是宇宙的中心。地球作為一顆行星圍繞太陽運(yùn)行。哥白尼提出的最重要的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是，他把宇宙看成一個(gè)整體系統(tǒng)，所有的行星都優(yōu)雅地和諧地一起運(yùn)動)”可知，OntheHeavens和TheRevolutionsofHeavenlySpheres兩本書的共同點(diǎn)是它們探索了宇宙的中心。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題TheMechanismoftheHeavens(1831)byMarySomerville下的“DifferentfromhisbookPhysicalGeography,thisbookwasembracedasanimportantcontributiontotheunderstandingofcelestialmotion(天體運(yùn)動).Itbecameextremelyvaluabletobothastronomersandstudentsanditwasusedasatextbookformorethanhalfacentury.Thebookwentthroughmanyrevisions,keepingpacewithastronomicaldevelopmentsovertime.Itprovesthatgiventheopportunity,womencouldmatchthemeninsciencestepforstep.(與他的《自然地理學(xué)》不同，這本書被認(rèn)為是對天體運(yùn)動理解的重要貢獻(xiàn)。它對天文學(xué)家和學(xué)生來說都是非常有價(jià)值的，被當(dāng)作教科書用了半個(gè)多世紀(jì)。這本書經(jīng)過多次修訂，以跟上天文學(xué)發(fā)展的步伐。它證明，只要有機(jī)會，女性可以在科學(xué)上一步一步地趕上男性)”可知，TheMechanismoftheHeavens這本書證明，只要有機(jī)會，女性可以在科學(xué)上一步一步地趕上男性，能給投身科學(xué)的女性帶來更多動力。故選C項(xiàng)。BSportsisoneofthepurestconceptsdeveloped.Forsome,sportsisahobby,othersanescape,butforJasonHills,PostMediaEdmontonpart-timewriter,sportsiseverything.Atayoungage,watchingcountlesshoursofsportsallowedHillstoprocessanddevelopanescapetodealwiththechildhoodpainfulexperienceoflosingbothhisparentsinacaraccident.Withsomuchinsidehishead,sportsprovidedhimwiththeoutletthatmillionsofpeopleemploydaily:beingenvelopedinto“thegame.”Later,asHillsgrewintoayoungman,hebegantobecomeinvolvedwithschoolsports.AsHillsbegantoplay,theconceptofbeinginvolvedwithauniversityteamcameintoadream.Followinghighschoolgraduation,Hillsrealizedthatuniversityathleticsmightnotbeinthecards,butwasstillverydeterminedtohavesportsplayamajorroleinhislife.SoheattendedLethbridgeCollegeforitsJournalismDiplomaprogram.Sincethen,HillshasbeenamajorcomponentofuniversityathleticscoverageinEdmontonforover10years.SpendinglonghourstravellingtobackandforthacrosstheNorthSaskatchewanRivercoveringallthepostsecondaryteams,HillsisPostmedia’sgo-toreporterinEdmontonforeverythingamateursports.Hillsisastoryteller.Thoughhisarticlesincludefeatures,gamerecaps(簡報(bào))andseriespreviews,allofhisworkshowcasesuniversitystudent-athleteslikenooneelseintheCityofEdmonton.Hillsstandsoutandstandsabovemany,withanextraordinaryabilitytocapturetheathletes’truevoice.Byputtinghimselfintheirshoes,Hillsempathizes(有同感)withthestudent-athletesbytellingtheirstory,bringingatrulyhumanelementtothepiece.“MygrandmatoldmewhenIwasyoung,nomatterwhatyoudoinlife,justdowhatmakesyouhappy,”Hillsrecalls.“Thistypeofjobandthistypeofcareer,you’renotgoingtomakemillionsinit.Youhavetodoitbecauseyouloveitandbecauseyou’repassionateaboutit.”4.WhydidHillsregardsportsasanescapeinhischildhood?A.Torelievehispain.B.Tokillboringtime.C.Torecoverfrombadhealth.D.Toavoidpressurefromhisparents.5.WhatinspiredHillstoenterjournalism?A.Hisloveforjournalismfromchildhood.B.Hisgreatachievementsintheuniversityteam.C.Hisdeterminationtobecomeawell-knownsportsjournalist.D.Hispassionforsportsandhopelessnessofenteringtheuniversityathletics.6.WhatisadistinguishedfeatureofHills’articles?A.Focusingonthecommentsofthegame.B.Tellingthechildhoodstoriesofathletes.C.Reflectingtheuniquenessofcollegestudentathletes.D.Bringinghisownlifeexperiencesintothem.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeHills?A.Generous.B.Strong-willed.CArtistic.D.Knowledgeable.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JasonHills是一位溫哥華郵報(bào)埃德蒙頓兼職作家，對他來說，體育就是一切。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Atayoungage,watchingcountlesshoursofsportsallowedHillstoprocessanddevelopanescapetodealwiththechildhoodpainfulexperienceoflosingbothhisparentsinacaraccident.(在很小的時(shí)候，觀看無數(shù)小時(shí)的體育比賽讓希爾斯能夠處理和發(fā)展一種逃避童年的痛苦經(jīng)歷，即在一場車禍中失去父母)”可知，希爾斯在童年時(shí)為了減輕他的痛苦而把運(yùn)動視為一種逃避。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Followinghighschoolgraduation,Hillsrealizedthatuniversityathleticsmightnotbeinthecards,butwasstillverydeterminedtohavesportsplayamajorroleinhislife.SoheattendedLethbridgeCollegeforitsJournalismDiplomaprogram.(高中畢業(yè)后，希爾斯意識到大學(xué)體育運(yùn)動可能不太可能，但他仍然下定決心要讓體育運(yùn)動在他的生活中發(fā)揮重要作用。因此，他參加了萊斯布里奇學(xué)院的新聞文憑課程)”可知，他對體育的熱情和進(jìn)入大學(xué)體育的無望激勵希爾斯進(jìn)入新聞業(yè)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Hillsisastoryteller.Thoughhisarticlesincludefeatures,gamerecaps(簡報(bào))andseriespreviews,allofhisworkshowcasesuniversitystudent-athleteslikenooneelseintheCityofEdmonton.Hillsstandsoutandstandsabovemany,withanextraordinaryabilitytocapturetheathletes’truevoice.Byputtinghimselfintheirshoes,Hillsempathizes(有同感)withthestudent-athletesbytellingtheirstory,bringingatrulyhumanelementtothepiece.(希爾斯是個(gè)講故事的人。雖然他的文章包括專題報(bào)道、比賽回顧和系列預(yù)告，但他的所有作品都展示了埃德蒙頓市的大學(xué)生運(yùn)動員。希爾斯脫穎而出，站在許多人之上，以非凡的能力捕捉運(yùn)動員的真實(shí)聲音。希爾斯設(shè)身處地地為學(xué)生運(yùn)動員著想，通過講述他們的故事來同情他們，為這部作品帶來了真正的人性元素)”可知，希爾斯文章的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是體現(xiàn)大學(xué)生運(yùn)動員的獨(dú)特性。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Sportsisoneofthepurestconceptsdeveloped.Forsome,sportsisahobby,othersanescape,butforJasonHills,PostMediaEdmontonpart-timewriter,sportsiseverything.(體育是最純粹的概念之一。對一些人來說，運(yùn)動是一種愛好，另一些人則是一種逃避，但對埃德蒙頓郵報(bào)媒體兼職作家杰森·希爾斯(JasonHills)來說，運(yùn)動就是一切)”和第四段“Followinghighschoolgraduation,Hillsrealizedthatuniversityathleticsmightnotbeinthecards,butwasstillverydeterminedtohavesportsplayamajorroleinhislife.SoheattendedLethbridgeCollegeforitsJournalismDiplomaprogram.(高中畢業(yè)后，希爾斯意識到大學(xué)體育運(yùn)動可能不太可能，但他仍然下定決心要讓體育運(yùn)動在他的生活中發(fā)揮重要作用。因此，他參加了萊斯布里奇學(xué)院的新聞文憑課程)”以及最后一段“Thistypeofjobandthistypeofcareer,you’renotgoingtomakemillionsinit.Youhavetodoitbecauseyouloveitandbecauseyou’repassionateaboutit.(這種類型的工作和職業(yè)，你不會從中賺到數(shù)百萬美元。你必須做這件事，因?yàn)槟阆矚g它，因?yàn)槟銓λ錆M激情)”可知，希爾斯無論怎樣，都堅(jiān)持對運(yùn)動的熱愛。由此推知，他是意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的。故選B項(xiàng)。CTheblanketofpollutionresultingfromcarbondioxideemissionsfromfossilfuelsisalreadywarmingtheplanetandcausingmoreextremeweatherdisasters.Onewaytokeepclimatechangefromgettingworseistotakesomeofthosehistoricemissionsoutoftheatmosphere.Morethan200scientistshavesignedontoaletterpushingfor“responsible”researchintowaystotrapplanet-heatingcarbondioxideintheworld’soceans.Oceansalreadydothatforus,absorbingandholdingaround50timesmorecarbonthantheatmosphere.Whatifhumanscouldsuperchargethatability?That’swhatscientistswanttobetterunderstand,alongwithanysideeffectsthatmightcomewithmessingwiththechemistryofouroceans.Startupsarealreadydevelopingnewtechnologiestosequester(隔絕)moreCO2inthesea.Butthere’sstillalotwedon’tknowaboutwhatimpactthatmighthaveorwhatstrategiesmightbemostsuccessful,thelettersays.Theseareallprettyearlyefforts,andhackingthehighseasisnoreplacementforpreventinggreenhousegasemissionsfromaccumulatingintheatmospherebygettingridoffossilfuels.SomeenvironmentaladvocatesarealsoworriedaboutnewCO2-filteringtechnologiesharmingmarinelife.Thelettertodaycallsforcontrolledfieldtrialstoevaluatecarbonremovalstrategies,alongwithathird-partyreviewoftheresults.Therealsoneedtobesafetymeasuresinplacetoaddressany“unintendedorharmfulconsequences”andinclusivepoliciestoengagedifferentstakeholders(利益相關(guān)者).Somebignamesinclimateandenvironmentalscienceshavesignedon.“Ihaveseenthesemassivedeclinesinoceanhealth...Doingnothingisunethical(不道德的)essentially,”saysDébora,Ecology,Evolution,andMarineBiologydepartmentchairattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whosignedtheletterreleasedtoday.Whenitcomestostudyingnewwaystouseoceanstotackleclimatechange,shesays,“Weneedtoatleastfigureouttherisksandthebenefits,seewhetherwecanhelpresolvetheproblemwehavecreated.”8.Whatistheletteraimedat?A.Preventingcarbondioxideemissions.B.Advocatingafossil-fuel-freelifestyle.C.Promotingtheheatingofcarbondioxide.D.Pushingforcarbonremovaltechnologies.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepreviousefforts?A.ThemosteffectivewaytotrapCO2hasbeenfound.B.Hackingthehighseascanreplacegettingridoffossilfuels.C.Thetechnologyhascausedseveresideeffectsmessingtheoceans.D.NewtechnologiesfortrappingCO2intheseaarealreadyavailable.10.Whatdoestheletterdemandaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Makepolicesfortargetgroups.B.Preparesafetymeasuresinadvance.C.Reviewtheresultsfromthreeaspects.D.Evaluatesideeffectswithuncontrolledtrials.11.WhatisDébora’sattitudetowardthestudiesofnewways?A.Unclear.B.Approving.C.Dismissive.D.Doubtful.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了全球氣候變暖和極端天氣災(zāi)害的原因，提出了通過將二氧化碳封存到海洋中來減緩氣候變化的想法。然而，這種做法還存在許多未知的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和可能對海洋生物造成傷害的問題。因此，作者呼吁進(jìn)行受控的實(shí)地試驗(yàn)，評估二氧化碳封存策略的效果，并采取安全措施來防止任何意外或有害的后果。同時(shí)，也需要制定包容性政策來吸引各利益相關(guān)者的參與?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Morethan200scientistshavesignedontoaletterpushingfor“responsible”researchintowaystotrapplanet-heatingcarbondioxideintheworld’soceans.(200多名科學(xué)家簽署了一份公開信，敦促進(jìn)行“負(fù)責(zé)任”的研究，尋找在全球海洋中捕獲導(dǎo)致地球升溫的二氧化碳的方法。)”可知，200多名科學(xué)家簽署一份公開信目的是敦促進(jìn)行“負(fù)責(zé)任”的研究，尋找在全球海洋中捕獲導(dǎo)致地球升溫的二氧化碳的方法即推動去除二氧化碳技術(shù)。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Startupsarealreadydevelopingnewtechnologiestosequester(隔絕)moreCO2inthesea.

(初創(chuàng)公司已經(jīng)研發(fā)新技術(shù)，以在海洋中吸收更多的二氧化碳。)”可知，針對于在全球海洋中捕獲導(dǎo)致地球升溫的二氧化碳的方法，一些初創(chuàng)公司已經(jīng)研發(fā)了該技術(shù)，即前期努力的結(jié)果是在海洋中捕獲二氧化碳的新技術(shù)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Therealsoneedtobesafetymeasuresinplacetoaddressany“unintendedorharmfulconsequences”andinclusivepoliciestoengagedifferentstakeholders(利益相關(guān)者).(還需要安全措施到位，以解決任何“意外或有害的后果”，并制定包容性政策，讓不同的利益相關(guān)者參與進(jìn)來。)”可知，科學(xué)家們簽署的公開信件要求在實(shí)施的過程中要安全措施到位，以解決任何“意外或有害的后果”即提前準(zhǔn)備好安全措施。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Ihaveseenthesemassivedeclinesinoceanhealth...Doingnothingisunethical(不道德的)essentially,”saysDébora,Ecology,Evolution,andMarineBiologydepartmentchairattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whosignedtheletterreleasedtoday.

(“我看到海洋健康狀況大幅下降……“從本質(zhì)上講，什么都不做是不道德的，”加州大學(xué)圣巴巴拉分校生態(tài)、進(jìn)化和海洋生物系主任Débora說，他在今天發(fā)布的這封信上簽名。)”可知，Débora同樣也簽署了這封信件，由此對該信件中提出的尋找在全球海洋中捕獲導(dǎo)致地球升溫的二氧化碳的方法是表示支持的。故選B。DYoumaynotrealizethatyourbrainisconsumingenergyalmostallthetime.Payingattention,decision-making,empathy,evenmeditationconsumementalresources.Youcan’tthinkmuchatall-orlaugh,orrespondtodanger,ordreamaboutthefuture,orevenrememberwhereyouputthecarkeys-withoutmentalenergy.Despiteitsessentialstatus,mentalenergyisamissingfactorinmostaccountsofpsychic(心理的)operations.It’snotevenclearwhatmentalenergyis.Onemodelseesitasonepartmoodstate,onepartcognition,andonepartmotivation.There’snoagreed-uponmeasureoformethodforassessingmentalenergy.Whatevermentalenergyturnsouttobe,onethingisclear:it’ssomethingpeoplewantmoreof.Perhapsbecauseweliveindisquietingtimesthatwestruggletomakesenseofevendecisionsaboutwhattoputinthegarbagebringusface-to-facewithexistentialthreats-therearecontinuousdemandsonmentalenergy.Ormaybeit’sjustthepriceofhavingabigcerebralcortex(大腦皮層)inatimeofinformationoverload.Thereareknownwaysofmaintainingmentalenergy.Mostaccessible,perhaps,isthecarefuluseofwhatevermentalenergyindividualsalreadyhave.Habitshelpconservementalenergy.Theyobviatetheneedtomakeanynumberofdecisionssoastomaintainmentalenergy.Goodhabitsareevenbetter;theyadditionallypreventtheneedtoexpendenergyonmoppingupthedamagedonebybadhabits.It’salsopossibletogeneratementalenergyfromwithinbyatechniqueknownasmentalcontrasting.NewYorkUniversitypsychologistGabrieleOettingendevelopedmentalcontrastingasawaytousetheenergynecessarytoturngoalsintoachievements.Thetechniquerequiresimaginingafutureyouwanttoattain-writingabook,say-andthebestoutcomeofthatdesiredgoal-feelingsofaccomplishmentandpride.Thecriticalpartisthenavoidingpurefantasybycontrastingyourwisheswiththerealityoftheworknecessarytoattainthem.Thejudgmentspeoplethenmakeabouthowlikelytheyaretoattainthedesiredfuturearestartingworking,andtheenergymobilization(能量調(diào)動)canbemeasuredphysicallyintestsofhand-gripstrength(握力).Further,Oettingenfinds，mentalcontrastinggivesrisetoauniversalarousalstateinwhichenergyistransferrabletomentaltaskswhollyunrelatedtothefantasythatbirthedit.12.Whatdoweknowaboutmentalenergy?A.It’sclearthatpeopledesiremoreofmentalenergy.B.Mostthreatsandstrugglescanbeaddressedwithmentalenergy.C.Itisamodelwithpartsincludingmoodstate,cognition,andmotivation.D.Mostaccountsofpsychicoperationsdescribementalenergyasamainfactor.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obviate”inparagraph4mean?A.Meet.BRemove.C.Increase.D.Provide.14.Howdoesmentalcontrastinghelpgeneratementalenergy?A.Byturninggoalsintoachievements.B.Bytransferringyourenergytomentaltasks.C.Bypicturingyourdesiredgoalanditsoutcome.D.Byfantasizingaboutyouraccomplishments.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Themakingofmentalenergy.B.Thefunctionsofmentalenergy.C.Habits,goodkeepersofmentalenergy.D.Mentalcontrasts,sourcesofmentalenergy.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。這篇文章主要介紹了精神能量的重要性和維持精神能量的方法。文章提到，保持精神能量的方法包括形成良好的習(xí)慣和利用精神對比方法來激發(fā)內(nèi)部的精神能量。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whatevermentalenergyturnsouttobe,onethingisclear:it’ssomethingpeoplewantmoreof.(無論精神能量是什么，有一點(diǎn)是明確的：它是人們想要更多的東西。)”可知，無論精神能量是什么，人們渴望得到更多的精神能量。故選A?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容“Habitshelpconservementalenergy.(習(xí)慣有助于保存精神能量。)”以及劃線詞后面的句子“soastomaintainmentalenergy(為了保持精神力量)”可知，習(xí)慣是有助于保持精神力量的且為了保持精神力量，應(yīng)該避免做出消耗精神力量的行為，因此習(xí)慣是有助于消除需要做出各種決策以保持精神能量的需求。故劃線詞與B選項(xiàng)“remove(移除，消除)”為同義詞。故選B。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“NewYorkUniversitypsychologistGabrieleOettingendevelopedmentalcontrastingasawaytousetheenergynecessarytoturngoalsintoachievements.Thetechniquerequiresimaginingafutureyouwanttoattain-writingabook,say-andthebestoutcomeofthatdesiredgoal-feelingsofaccomplishmentandpride.Thecriticalpartisthenavoidingpurefantasybycontrastingyourwisheswiththerealityoftheworknecessarytoattainthem.(紐約大學(xué)精神學(xué)家加布里埃爾·厄廷根將精神對比作為一種利用能量將目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化為成就的方法。這個(gè)技巧要求你想象一個(gè)你想要達(dá)到的未來——比如寫一本書——以及這個(gè)期望目標(biāo)的最好結(jié)果——成就感和自豪感。關(guān)鍵的部分是避免純粹的幻想，通過將你的愿望與實(shí)現(xiàn)它們所必需的工作的現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)行對比。)”可知，精神對比是讓你想象一個(gè)你想要達(dá)到的未來或者一個(gè)要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，由此對該期望目標(biāo)的期望產(chǎn)生成就感和自豪感，在此過程中把實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)所需付出的努力與現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)行對比由此產(chǎn)生激發(fā)能量即通過想象你想要的目標(biāo)和結(jié)果，精神對比由此產(chǎn)生精神能量。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，這篇文章主要介紹了精神能量的重要性和維持精神能量的方法。人們普遍都希望擁有更多的精神能量，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代社會的快節(jié)奏和信息過載給人們的精神能量帶來了持續(xù)的需求。文章提到，保持精神能量的方法包括形成良好的習(xí)慣和利用精神對比技術(shù)來激發(fā)內(nèi)部的精神能量。精神對比是通過想象未來的目標(biāo)，并把實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)所需付出的努力與現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)行對比來激發(fā)能量的一種方法。A選項(xiàng)“Themakingofmentalenergy.(精神能量的產(chǎn)生)”符合文章標(biāo)題，概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Howtopractiseemotionalawareness?Whatisemotionalawareness?Emotionalawarenessisbeingabletoidentifyandmakesenseofnotonlyourownemotionsbutthoseofothers.It’sabsolutelyessentialinunderstandingourbehaviorsandchangingourwayofdealingwiththeproblems.Withemotionalawareness,wecanunderstandhowthisinfluencesourbehaviors.____16____Ofcourse,describingexactlyhowwefeelcanoftenprovedifficult.____17____It’snotalwayseasytoputafingeronexactlywhat’swrong,withoutdiggingalittledeeper.Thisisoftenbecauseonsomelevelwedon’twanttoknowhowwereallyfeel.____18____Unhealthythoughts,behaviorsandcopingmechanismsthatarehiddenfromourview.Perhapsyoulashout(猛擊)orwithdrawwhenyoufeeloverwhelmedorgointoafloodofcriticismandself-doubtwhenyoureceivenegativefeedback.Mindfulnessistheprocessofbringingourattentiontothepresentmomentandbecomingmoreawareofourthoughts.It’sastateofcalm,non-judgmentalreflection.____19____Wecanquietthementalchatterthatoftenaccompaniesdifficultemotionsandinsteadsitwiththephysicalsensationoftheemotioninourbody.Doingthisregularlyallowsustobemoreawareofthesourceofouremotionsandenablesustocarryoutstrategiestomanagethemmoreeffectively.Self-reflectiondevelopsemotionalawarenessandiskeytounderstandingwhyyoufeelthewayyoudo.Activitiessuchasjournalingcanbereallybeneficialinlearningaboutyourthoughtprocesses.____20____Itcanbedifficulttofeelheardbyothersifwedon’thavethelanguagetodescribehowwe’refeeling.A.Andinturn,changethewaywerespondtochallengingsituations.B.Withoutemotionalawareness,wemaydevelopemotionalblindspots.C.It’stheveryreasonweturntogeneralphraseslike“I’mnotmyselftoday”.D.Sometimeswhatwereallystrugglewithisputtingouremotionsintowords.E.Therearemanywaystobemindful,frompractisingbreathworktosittinginsilence.F.Andformanyofus,thatmeansunderstandinghowwefeelandwhycanbeincrediblydifficult.G.Researchshowsthatbeingawareofyouremotionsishugelybeneficialtosocialandemotionalfunctioning.【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.E20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。這篇文章主要講述了如何培養(yǎng)情緒意識以及情緒意識的含義?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“It’sabsolutelyessentialinunderstandingourbehaviorsandchangingourwayofdealingwiththeproblems.Withemotionalawareness,wecanunderstandhowthisinfluencesourbehaviors.(這對于理解我們的行為和改變我們處理問題的方式是絕對必要的。有情緒感意識，我們就能理解它是如何影響我們的行為的。)”可知，此處指出理解情緒意識帶來的好處即知道情緒是如何影響我們的行為的。A選項(xiàng)“Andinturn,changethewaywerespondtochallengingsituations.(反過來，改變我們應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的方式。)”承接前文，指出在理解情緒意識之后，我們能夠知道其對我們行為的形象，由此我們可以適當(dāng)?shù)淖龀鰬?yīng)對的挑戰(zhàn)方式。A選項(xiàng)符合語境。故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Ofcourse,describingexactlyhowwefeelcanoftenprovedifficult.(當(dāng)然，準(zhǔn)確地描述我們的感受往往是困難的。)”可知，有時(shí)能夠準(zhǔn)確地描述自己的感受是很難的，后文應(yīng)對該情況具體說明。C選項(xiàng)“It’stheveryreasonweturntogeneralphraseslike“I’mnotmyselftoday”.(這就是為什么我們會說“我今天不是我自己”這樣的俗語。)”承接前文，指出具體例子對前文的“有時(shí)能夠準(zhǔn)確地描述自己的感受是很難的”情況進(jìn)行解釋，符合語境。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Unhealthythoughts,behaviorsandcopingmechanismsthatarehiddenfromourview.(不健康的思想、行為和應(yīng)對機(jī)制都隱藏在我們的視線之外。)”可知，此處指沒有情緒意識導(dǎo)致的消極影響，即不健康的思想、行為和應(yīng)對機(jī)制都隱藏在我們的視線之外。B選項(xiàng)“Withoutemotionalawareness,wemaydevelopemotionalblindspots.(沒有情感意識，我們可能會形成情感盲點(diǎn)。)”概括后文的內(nèi)容，指出沒有情感意識，我們可能會形成情感盲點(diǎn)。此處的emotionalblindspots與后文的Unhealthythoughts,behaviorsandcopingmechanisms形成呼應(yīng)，B選項(xiàng)符合語境。故選B。【19題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Mindfulnessistheprocessofbringingourattentiontothepresentmomentandbecomingmoreawareofourthoughts.It’sastateofcalm,non-judgmentalreflection.(正念是將我們的注意力集中到當(dāng)下，并更加意識到我們的想法的過程。這是一種冷靜、不加評判的反思狀態(tài)。)”可知，此處提出了“正念”這一概念，后文應(yīng)該講述如何培養(yǎng)“正念”的反思狀態(tài)。E選項(xiàng)“Therearemanywaystobemindful,frompractisingbreathworktosittinginsilence.(保持正念的方法有很多，從呼吸練習(xí)到安靜地坐著。)”指出了具體的培養(yǎng)“正念”的方法，符合語境。故選E。【20題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Itcanbedifficulttofeelheardbyothersifwedon’thavethelanguagetodescribehowwe’refeeling.(如果我們沒有語言來描述自己的感受，別人就很難聽到我們的聲音。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)如果我們的情緒沒有用語言表達(dá)出來，很難被別人所理解，這對我們來說是非常艱難的。D選項(xiàng)“Sometimeswhatwereallystrugglewithisputtingouremotionsintowords.(有時(shí)候，我們真正掙扎的是把我們的情緒用語言表達(dá)出來。)”引起下文，指出不能用語言表達(dá)出我們的情緒是我們真正所掙扎的地方，前后句陳述話題一致即不能用語言表述自己的情緒是痛苦的，符合語境。故選D。第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ThisfallmarksanespeciallymemorabletimeforonefamilycelebratingthreegenerationswalkingontoCarthageCollegetogether.SamanthaMalczewski,19,thesophomorenursingstudentrecalled.“Itwasreally____21____.Ididn’texpectit.”However,Carteraged18,saidshehada(n)____22____thattheirmomAmyMalczewskiandgrandmotherChristySchwanwereinterestedingoingbacktoschool.Callingherself“Carthage’sbiggestfan”,AmyMalczewskihasadeep____23____toCarthageCollege.“AndCarthagehasthisamazing____24____forthemaster’sdegreeinbusinessanddesign,whichisreally____25____allthethingsthatIlove,”saidshe.Meanwhile,whenChristyheardofherdaughter’s____26____,shequicklyrealizedtheycould____27____onthejourneytogether.The71-year-old____28____threeyearsagoafterworkinginemployeebenefitsconsulting.Amysaid,“Ithinkyououghtto____29____ittoo.”AndI’mlike,“OH,Ithinkyou’reright,weshoulddothis____30____,”Christyrecounted.“It’shelpedfilla(n)____31____spaceforme.”Asthefoursettleintoclassesandbusy____32____,thetwosisterssaidthey’re____33____toaccompanythemtoclass,havethislittlestudygroup,orgetdinnertogetherinthecafeteria.Inastatement,CarthageCollege____34____thefamilyandtheireducationalgoals.“Spanningthreegenerations,thisfamilyremindsusofthepowerof____35____learning,”theschoolsaid,“Ageisn’tafacto