激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的3條黃金法則

[TEDTalk]激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的3條黃金法則|3rulestosparklearningRamseyMusallam|RamseyMusallam,201300:00:11我是一名化學(xué)老師。Iteachchemistry.00:00:14（爆炸聲）(Explosion)00:00:15大家沒嚇著吧！Allright,allright.00:00:18除了爆炸，Somorethanjustexplosions,00:00:20化學(xué)在我們生活中隨處可見。chemistryiseverywhere.00:00:22你有沒有試過在餐廳里空閑無聊時Haveyoueverfoundyourselfatarestaurantspacingout00:00:25一遍又一遍的玩這個東西呢？justdoingthisoverandover?00:00:27我看到有人點頭了。Somepeoplenoddingyes.00:00:29最近，我給我的學(xué)生們做了上面那個實驗，Recently,Ishowedthistomystudents,00:00:31并要求學(xué)生們自己動手去體驗并解析這一現(xiàn)象為何發(fā)生。andIjustaskedthemtotryandexplainwhyithappened.00:00:36在實驗中，學(xué)生們提出的問題和進(jìn)行的對話Thequestionsandconversationsthatfollowed00:00:38很有意思。werefascinating.00:00:40請看一下這個視頻，CheckoutthisvideothatMaddie00:00:42這是我第三節(jié)課上的學(xué)生Maddie，在當(dāng)天晚上發(fā)給我的。frommyperiodthreeclasssentmethatevening.00:00:56（鐺）（笑聲）(Clang)(Laughs)00:00:58當(dāng)然了，作為Maddie的化學(xué)老師，Nowobviously,asMaddie'schemistryteacher,00:01:01我非常欣慰她放學(xué)回家后還繼續(xù)研究，Ilovethatshewenthomeandcontinuedtogeekout00:01:04并演示了一個這么好玩的實驗。aboutthiskindofridiculousdemonstration00:01:07這個實驗跟我們在課堂上做的差不多。thatwedidinclass.00:01:08但最吸引我的是，ButwhatfascinatedmemoreisthatMaddie'scuriosity00:01:11Maddie的好奇心將她的化學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)提升到了一個新的高度。tookhertoanewlevel.00:01:13如果你認(rèn)真看一下那個燒杯，Ifyoulookinsidethatbeaker,00:01:15你會看到一根蠟燭。youmightseeacandle.00:01:17Maddie在實驗中使用了溫度，Maddie'susingtemperaturetoextendthisphenomenon00:01:20對課堂上學(xué)到的實驗賦予了新意。toanewscenario.00:01:23要知道，像Maddie這樣帶著疑問并懷有一顆好奇心，Youknow,questionsandcuriositylikeMaddie's00:01:26是讓學(xué)生更親近老師的一種魔力aremagnetsthatdrawustowardsourteachers,00:01:29他們超脫了所有教學(xué)技術(shù)andtheytranscendalltechnology00:01:32和高大空的流行語。orbuzzwordsineducation.00:01:35如果我們在學(xué)生提問之前，就把這些技術(shù)呈現(xiàn)出來Butifweplacethesetechnologiesbeforestudentinquiry,00:01:39我們將毀掉我們作為老師wecanberobbingourselves00:01:41手中最強大的武器——學(xué)生們的疑問。ofourgreatesttoolasteachers:ourstudents'questions.00:01:46比如說，在教室里借助移動電子設(shè)備Forexample,flippingaboringlecturefromtheclassroom00:01:50將一堂沉悶的課快速講完tothescreenofamobiledevice00:01:52或許會節(jié)省些老師進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)的時間，mightsaveinstructionaltime,00:01:54但是，如果這是學(xué)生在課堂上所能收獲的體驗，butifitisthefocusofourstudents'experience,00:01:57那這種照本宣科的無趣it'sthesamedehumanizingchatter00:02:00只是華而不實的教學(xué)罷了。justwrappedupinfancyclothing.00:02:02但是，如果我們有膽量Butifinsteadwehavetheguts00:02:05去引起學(xué)生們的疑問，讓他們感到困惑，toconfuseourstudents,perplexthem,00:02:07喚起他們提出真正的問題，andevokerealquestions,00:02:10然后從他們的問題里，老師可以得到很多信息throughthosequestions,weasteachershaveinformation00:02:13來幫助作些調(diào)整教學(xué)thatwecanusetotailorrobust00:02:16采用多樣化的教學(xué)方法andinformedmethodsofblendedinstruction.00:02:19這樣，21世紀(jì)的那些術(shù)語行話就不會像魔咒一樣難懂了。So,21st-centurylingojargonmumbojumboaside,00:02:25事實是，今年是我從教的第13個年頭，thetruthis,I'vebeenteachingfor13yearsnow,00:02:29我曾碰到過一件生死悠關(guān)的事andittookalife-threateningsituation00:02:31才將我從10年的偽教學(xué)中拉了出來tosnapmeoutof10yearsofpseudo-teaching00:02:34我這才明白，學(xué)生帶著疑問來學(xué)習(xí)的心態(tài)andhelpmerealizethatstudentquestions00:02:38才能使他們學(xué)習(xí)到真正有意義的東西aretheseedsofreallearning,00:02:41而不是照本宣科的課程，notsomescriptedcurriculum00:02:43課程本身只能給學(xué)生提供一些隨機的信息而已。thatgavethemtidbitsofrandominformation.00:02:462010年5月份，當(dāng)時我35歲，InMayof2010,at35yearsold,00:02:50我已經(jīng)有個2歲大的孩子，我的第二個孩子也即將出生，withatwo-year-oldathomeandmysecondchildontheway,00:02:53當(dāng)時我被診斷為患有大動脈瘤Iwasdiagnosedwithalargeaneurysm00:02:55這個腫瘤長在我的胸主動脈上。atthebaseofmythoracicaorta.00:02:58因此，我要需做一個開腔手術(shù)。Thisledtoopen-heartsurgery.Thisistheactualrealemail00:03:01這就是當(dāng)時我的醫(yī)生寫給我的電子郵件。frommydoctorrightthere.00:03:03當(dāng)我收到他的郵件時，我的頭都大了Now,whenIgotthis,Iwas--pressCapsLock--00:03:06當(dāng)時真的完全被嚇壞了！absolutelyfreakedout,okay?00:03:09但我還是得到些許意外的安慰ButIfoundsurprisingmomentsofcomfort00:03:13這種安慰來源于我的外科醫(yī)生的自信心。intheconfidencethatmysurgeonembodied.00:03:16他的自信心來是打哪兒來的呢？來自于他的大膽嗎？Wheredidthisguygetthisconfidence,theaudacityofit?00:03:20我問他這個問題，他跟我講了三件事情。SowhenIaskedhim,hetoldmethreethings.00:03:24他說，第一，他的好奇心驅(qū)使他去Hesaidfirst,hiscuriositydrovehim00:03:27就手術(shù)的程序預(yù)設(shè)了很多硬性問題，toaskhardquestionsabouttheprocedure,00:03:29把各種可行和不可行的方案全都想遍了。aboutwhatworkedandwhatdidn'twork.00:03:32第二，不要害怕逃避，要勇于面對Second,heembraced,anddidn'tfear,00:03:35嘗試與錯誤中的各種冗雜問題，themessyprocessoftrialanderror,00:03:38和不可避免的過程。theinevitableprocessoftrialanderror.00:03:40第三，通過緊張有致的綜合思考，Andthird,throughintensereflection,00:03:43他獲取了他所需的信息hegatheredtheinformationthatheneeded00:03:46以此來設(shè)計和修改手術(shù)的進(jìn)程，todesignandrevisetheprocedure,00:03:48最后，他胸有成竹地幫我做了手術(shù)，救了我一命。andthen,withasteadyhand,hesavedmylife.00:03:51我從他充滿智慧的言語中學(xué)到很多，NowIabsorbedalotfromthesewordsofwisdom,00:03:55那年秋季，在我回校上課前，andbeforeIwentbackintotheclassroomthatfall,00:03:57我也給自己的教學(xué)定了三條規(guī)則，Iwrotedownthreerulesofmyown00:04:00至今，我一直在我的教學(xué)中遵循這三條規(guī)則。thatIbringtomylessonplanningstilltoday.00:04:03第一條規(guī)則：把學(xué)生的好奇心放在第一位。Rulenumberone:Curiositycomesfirst.00:04:07學(xué)生的問題是幫助教師進(jìn)行重要學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)的窗口，Questionscanbewindowstogreatinstruction,00:04:10而不是反其道而行之。butnottheotherwayaround.00:04:13第二條規(guī)則：勇于面對各種冗雜。Rulenumbertwo:Embracethemess.00:04:16我們都是教師。我們知道學(xué)習(xí)絕非易事。We'reallteachers.Weknowlearningisugly.00:04:19這是因為，科學(xué)的方法已經(jīng)寫在Andjustbecausethescientificmethodisallocated00:04:22課本第五頁的第一章第一部分的第二節(jié)里了topagefiveofsection1.2ofchapterone00:04:25而這章又剛好是我們跳過不講的：oftheonethatweallskip,okay,00:04:29試錯法（通過反復(fù)試驗來消除誤差）。這種方法仍然是trialanderrorcanstillbeaninformalpart00:04:32我們每天在圣心大教堂206室里ofwhatwedoeverysingleday00:04:34所采用的一種非正規(guī)方法。atSacredHeartCathedralinroom206.00:04:37第三條：實踐反思。Andrulenumberthree:Practicereflection.00:04:41我們做的是重要的事。它值得我們關(guān)注，Whatwedoisimportant.Itdeservesourcare,00:04:44而且也值得我們?nèi)ミM(jìn)行修正。butitalsodeservesourrevision.00:04:47我們這些老師能不能成為課堂中的外科醫(yī)生呢？Canwebethesurgeonsofourclassrooms?00:04:50我們所教的東西或許在將來的某一天可能會救別人一命。Asifwhatwearedoingonedaywillsavelives.00:04:53我們的學(xué)生，我們得珍惜。Ourstudentsourworthit.00:04:54而每個個體都是不同的。Andeachcaseisdifferent.00:04:57（爆炸聲）(Explosion)00:04:58對不起，太大聲了。Allright.Sorry.00:05:00作為化學(xué)老師，我得先做好這三點Thechemistryteacherinmejustneededtogetthat00:05:01然后才能教好學(xué)生。outofmysystembeforewemoveon.00:05:04這是我的兩個女兒的照片。Sothesearemydaughters.00:05:06右邊那個是Emmalou——南方家族的人。OntherightwehavelittleEmmalou--Southernfamily.00:05:10左邊那位是Riley。And,ontheleft,Riley.00:05:13再過幾周，Riley就要成為一個大女孩了。NowRiley'sgoingtobeabiggirlinacoupleweekshere.00:05:15她的4歲生日快到了，She'sgoingtobefouryearsold,00:05:17眾所周知，一個4歲的孩子andanyonewhoknowsafour-year-old00:05:19總是喜歡問：“為什么？”knowsthattheylovetoask,"Why?"00:05:22對。他們喜歡問這個問題。Yeah.Why.00:05:24我可以教給我女兒任何東西Icouldteachthiskidanything00:05:26因為她對什么都感興趣。becausesheiscuriousabouteverything.00:05:29我們所有人在4歲時都這樣的。Weallwereatthatage.00:05:31但是Riley未來的老師ButthechallengeisreallyforRiley'sfutureteachers,00:05:35將要面臨很大的挑戰(zhàn)了，theonesshehasyettomeet.00:05:38他們會怎樣來培養(yǎng)她的好奇心呢？Howwilltheygrowthiscuriosit