icao英語復(fù)習(xí)圖片復(fù)件photos

Describethepicture.Ifyouwerethepilot,whatwouldyoudo?Whatcanyoulearnfromthepicture?Nightflight,threegreenwithlandinggearhandleindownposition,itjustlineup,crewmightputthecorrectNDmodesoonbeforetakeoff

withFLAP1,rightMCDUintakeoffPERFpagewhileleftMCDUinflightplanpageRunwaylightingsystemworksnormallyCaptainputhishandsonthethrottle,readytotakeofforFromthispictureIcanseeitisaveryadvancedcockpit.Thereareseveraldisplayscreens.Therearefourengines.IthinkthisisthecockpitofA380.Theaircraftiscontrolledbytwosidesticksthroughcontrol-by-wiresystem.Therearealotofadvancedinstrumentsinthiscockpit.Thereareeventwomousecontrolsonthecenterpanel.Ithinktheroundinstrumentonthecenterpanelisamouse.Ifyouarethepilotonthisaircraft…..A380isthemostadvancedaircraftintheworld.Ithasaglasscockpitandnopaperrequired.Ilikeitverymuch.IhopeIcanflyitinthefuture.IfIpassthelevelfour,Iwilltakethetransitiontraining.TheEnglishisimportantforthiskindofadvancedaircraft,becauseeverythingisdisplayedinEnglish.Theaircraftinthepicturecoveredbyiceandsnow,especiallyonthewindshieldandattheengines,isparkedontheapronDeerjetAirlines,winterandcoldoperationNeedtode-icebeforedeparture,shouldadherethede-icingprocedures,accordingtotheprocedures山頂上有一條跑道，山下有一個村莊。Thereisarunwayonthetopofthemountain.Thereisavillageatthefootof/near/besidethemountain.Thepicturemightbetakenfromanaircraft.Therearegrassandtreesonthemountain/hill.Theweatherisveryclear.Ithinktheairmustbeveryfresh.Thisisahighaltitudeairport.一個機(jī)場上空都是烏云，一架飛機(jī)在跑道頭，可能等待起飛，能見度好。Icanseeanaircraftonthethresholdoftherunway.Ithinktheweatherisbad,becausetheskyiscoveredwithcloud.Ithinkthecloudisverylow.Maybetheaircraftiswaitingfortheweather/takeoff.Thereisariverbesidetherunway.Thevisibilityisgood.Therearesomebuildingsaroundtheairport.Ifyouwerethepilotintheaircraft,what……IfIamthepilotintheaircraft,Iwillwaituntiltheweatheresgood(maybeIwillturnontheweatherradarandchecktheweather,thendecidetotakeoffimmediatelyorwait).一個海邊的機(jī)場，可以看到船，遠(yuǎn)處的高樓和山，可能是香港機(jī)場的圖片。FromthispictureIcanseearunway.Itisbuiltnearbythesea.Therearesomehighbuildingsaroundthesea.Theview/sceneryisverybeautiful.Itlooksbeautiful.Thereareseveral/someboatsinthesea/bay.ItlooksliketheoldHongKongairport.Thereisamountainbehindthecity/building.一架飛機(jī)（好像是747）落地，一側(cè)翼尖擦跑道?？赡苁窍愀蹤C(jī)場。FromthepictureIcanseeanaircraftislanding.ItlookslikeaB747.Buttheaircrafthassomeproblem,becausetherightwingoftheB747ishitting/touchingtherunway.Ithinktheaircrafthasgot/encounteredanaccident.Maybethecrosswindisverystrongwhentheaircraftwaslanding.Maybetherearesomecontrolsystemproblemandthecrewcannothandleitcorrectly/properly.Ifyouareinthisaircraft,whatwouldyoudo?IfIwerethepilotinthisaircraft,Iwillgoaroundforanotherapproach.Ithinkitisnotsafetolandinthiskindofsituation.Ithinkthecrewshouldmakeearlydecisiontogoaroundtoavoidthiskindofaccidenttohappen.IfIwerethecaptaininthisaircraft,afterlandingIwillreportATCandtellthegroundmechanictochecktheaircraft.Iwillwritedownacrewreportabouttheaccidentandgiveittothecompany.Whatlessonscanwelearnfromthispicture?Wemustfollowthestandardoperationprocedure.Iftheaircraftisnotstableattheverylowaltitude,wemustgoaround.Thepilotshouldbebrave,butnotalwaysbebrave.Sometimesweshouldconsidermoreinformation.Duringtheflightallcrewmembersareresponsibletoremindthecaptainaboutthepotentialdanger.SotheCRMisveryimportanttoavoidthiskindofaccident.FromthispictureIcanseeacontainerissucked/ingestedintotheouterport/leftengineinlet.Thereisagroundstaff/manstandinginfrontoftheengine.Ithinktheenginemustbedamaged.Ithinktheaircraftisstartingup.Ithinktheengineisrunning.Ithinkthisisaseriousgroundincident.Ifyouarethepilot……FirstIwillshutdowntheengineandcompletethechecklist.ThencontactATCandrequestgroundservice.Iftheengineisonfire,maybeweshouldexecute/carryout/initiateemergencyevacuationprocedure.Whatlessonscanwe……Fromthisincidentwecanlearnthatwhenstartingtheenginewemustensureitisclearinthedangerousareatoavoidthiskindofincident.Whilestartingtheengine,wemustfinishthechecklistandstartafterreceivedthegroundsignal/instructionfromthemechanic.Maintainmaintenanceflameoutonfireextinguish/putoutthefirethefireison/out.OneofKoreaAir’saircrafts,Radomeofaircraftbroken,thedoorsofthecargocompartmentopenAircraftparksattheapron,withiceonthefuselageandwings,fuelpolicy,cruisecapability,(similarwithdeerjet)Oneaircraftintheworkshoporhangerwithitsrudderputonthegroundnearit.Itmighthaveencounteredsomeflightcontrolproblem,therudderdamaged機(jī)場覆蓋著雪，一架飛機(jī)在跑道或者滑行道上，好像是737。FromthepictureIcanseetheairportiscoveredwithsnow.Anaircraftisonthetaxiwayorrunway.IthinkitlookslikeB737.Ifyouarethepilot……IfIamthepilotonthisaircraft,Iwilltaxicarefully/withcaution.MaybeIwillcarryoutde-icingprocedure.Maybetheflightwillbedelayed.Iwillpaymoreattentionwhentaxiing.Iwilluseengineanti-icebeforetakeoff.Whatlessonscanwe……Ifweflyinaverycoldorsnowcondition,wemustfollowtheSOP.Wemayconsidertousede-icingprocedure.Itwillbeverydangerousifwetakeoffwithsnoworiceonthefuselageorwings.Itwillaffectthecontrolsystem.Duringthetaxi,wecannotchecktheflightcontrolandweshouldnotsetthetakeoffflapstopreventfromice.一架飛機(jī)的雷達(dá)罩已經(jīng)完全損壞，兩側(cè)的貨艙門都已經(jīng)打開。FromthispictureIcanseetheaircraftisontheapron.Thenoseoftheaircraftisfacingusanditisdamaged.Bothofcabin/cargodoorsareopen.Theweatherisgood.Thevisibilityisfine.Thereisnopilotinthecockpit.Theaircraftmaybeencounteredlighteningstrikeorbirdstrike.Maybetheaircrafthascollidedwithgroundvehicle.radarcowlcollidecollision

一架飛機(jī)前面就是山，可能會顯現(xiàn)近地報警。FromthispictureIcanseeanaircraftisveryclosetothemountain.GPWSwarningmaycomeup.Thepilotshouldfollowtheterrainwarningtopullupandavoidthecollision.Theweather/visibilityisgood.Thepilotshouldseethemountain.Maybetheyhavesomeproblemandforgettomonitorthemountain.Maybethepilotdidn’tfollowtheSID,sotheyhavethiskindofsituation.Ifyouarethepilot……IfIamthepilot,IwillfollowSID/instructionfromGPWSwarning.BeforedepartureIshoulddothetakeoffbriefingandbecarefulaboutthemountainaroundtheairport.Ishouldbeawareof/monitorthesituationoutsidethecockpit.Whatlessonscanwelearn…..FromthispicturewecanlearnthattofollowSIDofanairportisveryimportant.Itisverydangeroustoflyinamountainarea.Weshouldbemorecarefulwhenthereismountainaroundtheairport.Inthiskindofsituation,IthinkEnglishisalsoveryimportanttounderstandGPWSwarning.CrewincapacitationincapacitatedcapableGroundproximitywarningsystem

一架飛機(jī)的發(fā)動機(jī)可能出了故障，幾個人在發(fā)動機(jī)前面，一個人在發(fā)動機(jī)里，好像在檢查維護(hù)。FromthispictureIcanseethatthereareseveralpeoplestandingaroundtheengineoftheaircraft.Oneofthemisattheinletoftheengine.Maybethereissomethingwrongwiththeengine.Peoplemightbecheckingorrepairingtheengine.Ifyouarethepilot……IfIamthepilot,Iwillcommunicatewiththemaintenanceandconfirmthesituation/conditionoftheengine.MaybeIwilldelaythepassengerboardinguntiltheengineproblemisresolved/finished.Iwillwaitforthefurtherinformationfromthegroundstaff.IfIamthepilotonthisaircraft,Iwillcanceltheflight.Itseems/lookstheenginehasabigproblem.Sowecannotfly.Maybewewillgohomeorgobacktothehotel.Maybechangeanotheraircrafttoflythisflight.Whatlessonscanwelearn…...FromthispictureIthinkwalk-aroundisveryimportanttochecktheaircraft.Ifyoufindsomethingwrong,youmustcontactthedispatchassoonaspossible.Atthesametime,youshouldcontactwithcabincrewtoinformthepassengerswhatishappening.飛機(jī)在一個機(jī)庫里，飛機(jī)還沒有噴涂，還是綠色，尾翼還沒有安裝，左側(cè)和右側(cè)各有一架飛機(jī)，可能有東航的標(biāo)志，飛機(jī)周圍有一些人。FromthispictureIcanseethereareseveralaircraftinthehangar/workshop.Theaircraftisbeingrepaired.Theyaregreenandstillnotpainted.Thetailoftheaircrafthasnotbeeninstalledyet.Therearesomepeoplestandingaround.AircraftwasinairCoveroftheenginewaspeelingoffThepicturewastakenfromacabinwindowThismustbeamechanicalproblem,maybetheengineconewasnotfirmlyweldFromthispictureIcanseethatthecoveroftheengineisdamagedorunlockedandtheaircraftisstillinflight.Thecoveroftheengineisunlocked.Icanseemanyfuelpipesandelectricalwires.Ithinkitisverydangerous.Icanseetheground.Theweatherisgood.Ithinkmaybetheaircraftisapproachingtoanairport.Ithinktheaircraftismakinganemergencylandingtoanearestairport.Itlooksthattheengineisrunningnormally.Ifyouarethepilot……IfIamthepilot,firstIwillcheckthestatusoftheenginetoseeifitisrunning/workingnormally.AnywayIwilltrytofindasuitable/nearestairporttolandandrequestATCforassistanceafterlanding,becauseitisdangeroustoflylikethis.Maybeitwillcauseenginefailureorenginefire.SoIwilltrytolandassoonaspossible.Whatlessons……FromthispictureIthinkthemaintenanceisveryimportantforflightsafety.Iftheymakeamistake,itwillcauseanincidentlikethis.Atthesametime,thepilotshouldalsochecktheaircraftcarefullyduringthewalk-aroundtoprevent/avoidthiskindofsituation/incidenttohappen.Ithinkthepilotshouldbetrainedwithallabnormalsituationsonthesimulator.AirbusA330/340/380becauseoffourengines,Icanseefourenginefuelleversonthecentralpedestal.Sixidenticaldisplayunits,twobigslidetableswithkeyboardonit,laptop(EFB)ontheleftsidewithsomeflightplanonit.computerizedorglasscockpit“l(fā)esspaper”cockpitReducepilot’sworkload,morespaceinthecockpitFly-by-wire,electricalcontrolledandhydraulicactuatedrepresentedbysidestickwhichcannotgivepilotsafeelingof“realflight”Bigaircraft,seriesDC9NorthwestAirlinesofUSAStruckonagroundvehiclewhichlookslikeatowingcarthatiswaitingfortowingtwoinspectorsarecheckingthebrakessystem;Brakesfailurethelowerpartofthefrontfuselagewasseverelydamaged,Causeofaccident:birdstrikeorhitbyunknownobjectorstruckbylighteningintheair,thecrewtriedtomakeitbydoingaforcedlanding,butunfortunately,theaircraftstruckonthegroundvehiclebeforelandingsafelyNighttimeIcanseerunwaysidelightsandalotoflightssparklinginadistance,butIcannotseetherunwaycenterlinelights,itmightbesomethingwrongwiththerunwaycenterlinelightingsystemControlwithCaution,visibilitygood,CATIIunavailableAtleastsixaircraftaretaxiingonthetaxiwayandwaitingfortheirturntotakeoff,itlooksliketobeinaverybusyairport.Crewshavetokeepspacewiththeaircraftbeforeandafteritincaseofwakevortexduringtakeoff.Skyisclear,TowerThebusierairportis,themoreflowcontrolConventionalaircraft,itistooclutteredinsidethecockpit,toomanyindividualinstruments,metersandanalog,alsoacomplexinstrumentpanelbehindtheleftseat,verytraditionalcontrolcolumnwhichcangivepilotsaverygoodfeelingincontrol,somepilotcallit“realflight”.Thepilotwhoflythiskindofaircraftshouldbeverycarefulwiththoseswitchesincaseofemergencysituation,nottoconfusethemAirbus,fly-by-wire,OncruiseTwopilotareflying,onecaptainandfirstofficerwhoismonitoringtheinstrumentinfrontofhimCannotseeclearlywhatthecaptainisdoingMalaysiaAirlineshanger,cleanandwellorganizedThreeaircraftareinthehangerformaintenanceinordertoensuretheflightsafety,Nighttime,equipment,Thepicturewastakenfromtheaircraft,whichwasexactlyestablishedontheILSbecauseIcanseethatfromthePAPIlights:tworedandtwowhite,theaircraftistolandsoon,touchzonelightSomesnowonground,carefulduringlanding,usereverser,andapplybrakeswithcaredueslipperyrunwayUnitedAirlinesB747Star-AlliancesignLoadingoperationbeforetakeofflandingToomuchluggageintheaftercargoholdWeightandbalancePushback,anti-collisionbeaconlight,positionlight,withbeaconlightstillon,atowingcarnearbyNormaloperationCateringtruckRedmarkconeRefuelAmanisstandinginfrontoftheaircraftTowbarisconnectedwithaircraft,waitingforthepushbackaerobridgeCessnaaircraftSmallNottoofarfromtherunwayabovedowntownofthecityBeforelandingSomesnowongroundDe-icingprocedureisinprogress:wingde-iceshouldbefromtiptotheroot,fromuppertolower,Shearforce:liquidlayer(thickenoughtocoverthesurface)Heavybigaircraftwithundercarridgeandtwoaircrafts,far,Landinglightison,slatsextendeddeflectionbeforetakeoff,holdingpositionMaybehighapproachspeed,braketemperaturehigh,hardlanding,leadtotheheavyimpactwhichcausethedamageofthewingFlighttraining:initialtraining,recurrenttrainingTheyarehavingtheirtrainingtheF52sign,FixBaseSimulator(FBS)Icanseesomepapersontheslidetableoftheleftseat,maybeanotherpilothasjustleftforawhileApilotwithglassesissittingontherightseatinthecockpitinsideofoneoftheSimulator,hemightchecksomeinformationrelatedtoengineorfuelsystemontheECAMfuelpageusingmanualAmexico,aircraftparkedwithsomeredmarkconeonthegroundnearbyBeforetakeofforturn-aroundthepipeofthetruckispluggedtotheaircraft,itseemsthattheaircraftisbeingrefuelledAmanisstandingnearthetruck,anotherworkerisservicingportablewaterthroughtheafterservicepanelConveyorwithluggagetobeloadedonboardCleaningSingaporeAirlinesB747Foggy,heavyfog,LowvisibilityIsitpossibletotakeoffatsuchcondition?Towingcarisinfrontoftheaircraft,itlookslikethattowbarisconnectedtotheaircraftReadyfortakeofforafterlandingitwastowedtothestandduethebadweatherB747aircraft,atrolleyissuckedintotheengine,alotofpeoplearoundSmallaircraftflyintheair,driftingduetoverystrongleftcrosswindApictureofrunwayextendedintothesea,Icanseethatthereisalotofwaterontherunway,andoneaircraftlandedatthethresholdoftherunwayinsteadofthetouchdownzone,ceiling,lowclouds,poorvisibility,hydroplane:cautionwithbrakes,usemaxreversertellsomereason:AtduskApropelleraircraftwasupsidedownhangingonwiresItwasoverafreewayinacityareaItlookslikeaprivateaircraftorbusinessaircraftManyreasonscouldcausetheaccident:badweather,humanfactor,oraircraftmechanicalproblemItwasadaytimeflightTheaircraftwasflyingoverbuildingsItwasfourenginesaircraftandtheforwarddoorwasopenTheaircraftwasconfigedforlandingwithlandinggearsdownIftheaircrafthasthisconfigurationdamageinhighaltitude,pilotsmustperformanemergencydescendduetorapiddepressurizationTheaircraftwasdoingapproachwithlandinggearsdownandflapsatposition,itseededthatithasconfigedforlandingItwasadaytimeflightItwasahighstabilizeraircraftwith3enginesinstalledatthetailsectionofthefuselageWeatherwasgoodaswecanseethebeautifulblueskyItwasasmallpropelleraircraftwithblueandwhitepaintedfuselageOneoftheaircraftmaingearswasseparated.TheymaybeneedafoamedrunwayanddoaforcelandingWecanseethewreckageoftheaircraftTheslidewasdeployed.PeopleweresurroundingtheaircraftItisadiagramwhichshowshowairdatacomputerprocessairdataAirdataconfigurationmoduleprocessdatafromPitotandstaticair,andtheoutputwassendtotransponder,flightcontrolsystem,auxsys,andnavigationsystemThisisadiagramshowsflightcontrolsurfaceslocationWecanseeleadingedgeflaps,trailingedgeflaps,elevator,stabilizer,rudder,spoilersandaileronsThecontrolsurfacesaremainlyinstalledonwingsandtailsectionThisisadisplayofafuelsystemIthasleftandrightsystemsEachsystemhastwopumps,primaryandsecondarypump.Italsohasascavengerpump.Inthemiddleofdiagram,itshowstheswitchposition.TheredletterssaystheenginesonpumpnormalThisisadisplayofahydraulicsysonECAMTheaircrafthas3hydraulicsystems,green,blueandyellowIfgreensystemfailed,yellowsystemcouldtransferpressuretogreensysbyPTU(powertransferunit)BluesyscouldalsobepressurizedbyRAT(ramairturbine)TheaircraftwasunderdeicingprocessTheaircr