2021高考英語復(fù)習(xí)之真題閱讀詞塊與閱讀練習(xí)（八十二）

2021高考英語復(fù)習(xí)之真題閱讀詞塊與閱讀練習(xí)（八十二）

2017全國(guó)二卷（D篇）

目錄內(nèi)容

第一部分高考真題試做

第二部分真題詞塊解析

第三部分模擬題訓(xùn)練

一：真題試做

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack，itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,Jack

SchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendouta

particularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsof

theplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureof

chemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.Ifsa

plant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchthe

neighboursreact.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodouble

duty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestothe

attackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomes

lunch.

Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.The

damageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighborsrelativelyspeaking,staysafer

becausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplant

justmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,was

talkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear“thecry.Soinformationwas

exchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.

CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmore

intimate（親密的）thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelot

goingon.

1.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?

A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C.ItstandsquietlyD.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned,,inparagraph3?

A.Theattackersgetattacked.

B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.

D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.

3.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.

A.predictnaturaldisastersB.protectthemselvesagainstinsects

C.talktooneanotherintentionallyD.helptheirneighborswhennecessary

4.whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thewordischangingfasterthanever.

B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore

C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems

D.PeopleinDarwin'stimeweremoreimaginative.

參考答案：DABC

二：詞塊解析

1：attack

英［Jtaek］美［olaek］

v.攻擊；抨擊，打擊；（疾?。┌l(fā)作，侵襲；著手處理

n.進(jìn)攻；沖擊，抨擊；處理；（疾病）發(fā)作，侵襲；進(jìn)攻隊(duì)員；損害，傷

害

變形

過去分詞：attacked

現(xiàn)在分詞：attacking

過去式：attacked

復(fù)數(shù)：attacks

第三人稱單數(shù)：attacks

雙語例句

1.Wewillnotattackunlessweareattacked;ifweareattacked,wewillcertainly

counterattack.

人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人.

2.GermanybegantoattacktheSovietUnionin1941.

德國(guó)在1941年開始進(jìn)攻蘇聯(lián).

3.Shehadherfirstheartattacktheotherday.

不久前，她第一次心臟病發(fā)作.

2：bite

英［bat］美［bat］

v.咬，蟄，叮；上鉤；產(chǎn)生不良影響；接受，相信；切割

n.咬；傷口，包；一點(diǎn)兒食物；濃郁味道；寒冷；上鉤；感染力，影響力

變形

過去分詞：bitten

現(xiàn)在分詞：biting

過去式:bit

復(fù)數(shù)：bites

第三人稱單數(shù)：bites

雙語例句

l.Sheputthebiteonmesothatshecouldbuyapairofnewshoes.

她向我借錢，以便可以買一雙新鞋.

2.ThecavalrycommanderpredictedthatmanySiouxwouldbitethedustifthey

attackedthefort.

騎兵指揮官預(yù)言，如果蘇族人進(jìn)兵要塞,他們中有很多人會(huì)被打死.

3.Thisscarisfromthebiteofadog.

這是狗咬后留下的傷疤.

3：particular

英(poYkjol.r)］美［parEkjalar］

adj.特定的；特殊的；格外的；挑剔的

n.細(xì)節(jié)；詳細(xì)資料

變形

復(fù)數(shù)：particulars

雙語例句

1.Eachperiodhaditsownparticularstyleofarchitecturaldecoration.

每個(gè)時(shí)期都有其建筑裝飾上的風(fēng)格.

2.Thatschoolputsparticularemphasisonarithmeticandreading.

那所學(xué)校側(cè)重算術(shù)和閱讀.

3.1havenothingparticulartodothisevening.

今晚我沒有什么特殊的事要做.

4：volatile

英Jvolatai］美Jvalatl］

adj.易變的，不穩(wěn)定的；(液體或油)易揮發(fā)的；爆炸性的；快活的，輕快

的

變形

名詞：volatility

雙語例句

l.Ofcourse,that'sanaveragefigure,sosomeforeignwereindeedmorevolatile

thantheU.

當(dāng)然，這只是個(gè)平均值，某些外國(guó)股市的波動(dòng)的確比美國(guó)市場(chǎng)更劇烈.

2.Chloralisacolorless,volatileliquidwithaverypenetratingodorandboilingat

97.7℃.

三氯乙醛是無色揮發(fā)性的液體，帶有刺激性很強(qiáng)的氣味，在97.7C沸騰.

3.Alldealingspreadsaresubjecttovariation,especiallyinvolatilemarket

conditions.

所有的交易差價(jià)都可能發(fā)生變化，特別是在一個(gè)市場(chǎng)極其波動(dòng)的情況下.

5：compound

英[kompaond]美[ka：mpaond]

n.化合物，混合物；復(fù)合詞；有圍墻的場(chǎng)地

adj.復(fù)合的；混合的

v.加重；使復(fù)雜化；混合

變形

過去分詞：compounded

現(xiàn)在分詞：compounding

過去式：compounded

復(fù)數(shù)：compounds

第三人稱單數(shù)：compounds

雙語例句

l.Aconstituent(elementorcompound)ofanalloy,whichmaybeusedto

specifyitscomposition.

合金的任一組成（可以是元素或化合物）,可以被用于區(qū)分其構(gòu)成成分.

2.Suddenly,theelectriclightswentout,andthewholecompoundwasplunged

intodarkness.

電燈突然滅了.整個(gè)公館立刻成了黑暗世界.

3.1fshowsthatthismodelcompoundcantransfersubstitutedonecarbonunitto

thesereactants.

結(jié)果表明，該化學(xué)模型具有較高的反應(yīng)活性，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)甲基取代的一碳單元的

徹底轉(zhuǎn)移.

6：react

英［ri昆kt］美［ri%kt］

v.（作出）反應(yīng)；過敏；起化學(xué)反應(yīng)

變形

過去分詞：reacted

現(xiàn)在分詞：reacting

過去式：reacted

第三人稱單數(shù)：reacts

雙語例句

1.Followandreacttobrightcolors,movement,andobjects?

跟蹤和反應(yīng),明亮的顏色，運(yùn)動(dòng)，而物體？

2.ThatisassumingthattheycanreactliketheMicrosoftofold.

這是假設(shè)他們能像過去的微軟公司那樣工作.

3.Howwouldyoureacttotheelectionresults?

你對(duì)選舉結(jié)果有什么看法？

7：smelly

英Jsmeli］美Jsmeli］

adj.難聞的

變形

比較級(jí)：smellier

最高級(jí)：smelliest

雙語例句

l.Yourarmpitisoneofthesmelliest,ifnotthemostsmelly,partsofyourbody.

腋窩是身體最臭的部位之一，假如不是最臭的部位的話.

2.Rubbishmakestheenvironmentdirtyandsmelly.

垃圾使環(huán)境變得骯臟和發(fā)臭.

3.YuQun'sjourneyintoalowcarbonfuturebeganwithabadcaseofsmelly

fish.

于群通往低碳未來的征程開始于一樁臭魚事件.

8：duty

英［Hju:ti］美

n.責(zé)任；職務(wù)，職責(zé)；上班；稅

變形

復(fù)數(shù)：duties

雙語例句

1.1wasondutyduringthemorningwatch.

我值早班.

2.1haveadutytoperform.

我有一種義務(wù)要盡.

3.Asyourfather,Icansetyoufree,butinmycapacityasakingofthecountryI

mustdomydutyandpunishyou.

作為你父親，我可以釋放你，但作為一個(gè)國(guó)王，我必須履行我的職責(zé)處罰你.

9：perfume

英Jp3：Cju：m］美［paNfjinn］

n.香水；香精；芳香

v.使香氣彌漫；為…增加香味；抹香水

變形

形容詞：perfumed

過去分詞：perfumed

現(xiàn)在分詞：perfuming

過去式：perfumed

復(fù)數(shù)：perfumes

第三人稱單數(shù)：perfumes

雙語例句

l.Manycompaniesbottleperfume.

許多公司進(jìn)行香水的瓶裝（業(yè)務(wù)）.

2.Muskisusedforperfumeandstimulant.

麝香可以用作香料和興奮劑.

3.Theairwasheadywiththeperfumefromroses.

空氣中玫瑰花的香味令人陶醉.

10：alarm

英［atccm］美［ah：rm］

n.驚恐，擔(dān)心；警報(bào)（器）；鬧鐘

v.使驚恐，使擔(dān)心；給…裝警報(bào)器

變形

過去分詞：alarmed

現(xiàn)在分詞：alarming

過去式：alarmed

復(fù)數(shù)：alarms

第三人稱單數(shù)：alarms

雙語例句

l.Onhearingthealarmthefirebrigaderushedtothescene.

消防隊(duì)聞?dòng)嵹s到.

2.Thereisnogroundforalarm.

沒有理由驚惶失措.

3.Thealarmclockawokemeontime.

鬧鐘按時(shí)把我鬧醒了.

11：exchange

英［ks作nd3］美［ks止ndsl

v.交換；交流；更換

n.交換；交談；爭(zhēng)吵；貨幣兌換；互訪；交易大廳

變形

過去分詞：exchanged

現(xiàn)在分詞：exchanging

過去式：exchanged

復(fù)數(shù)：exchanges

第三人稱單數(shù)：exchanges

雙語例句

1.1shouldliketoexchangeafewwordswithyouinconfidence.

我想私下和你交換點(diǎn)意見.

2,Theirfirstexchangesetthetoneforanewrelationship.

他們初步交換意見，為建立新關(guān)系定了調(diào)子.

3.ThereweresomanyunpredictablefluctuationsontheStockExchange.

股票市場(chǎng)瞬息萬變.

12：exchange

英[ks止nd3]美[ks止nds]

v.交換；交流；更換

n.交換；交談；爭(zhēng)吵；貨幣兌換；互訪；交易大廳

變形

過去分詞：exchanged

現(xiàn)在分詞：exchanging

過去式：exchanged

復(fù)數(shù)：exchanges

第三人稱單數(shù)：exchanges

雙語例句

1.1shouldliketoexchangeafewwordswithyouinconfidence.

我想私下和你交換點(diǎn)意見.

2.Theirfirstexchangesetthetoneforanewrelationship.

他們初步交換意見，為建立新關(guān)系定了調(diào)子.

3.ThereweresomanyunpredictablefluctuationsontheStockExchange.

股票市場(chǎng)瞬息萬變.

13：intimate

英Jntmat,1ntmet]美Jntmst,'ntmet]

adj.親密的，親近的；私人的，個(gè)人的；內(nèi)部的；直接的

n.至交；密友

v.暗示，提示；宣布，通知

變形

副詞：intimately

過去分詞：intimated

比較級(jí)：moreintimate

最高級(jí)：mostintimate

現(xiàn)在分詞：intimating

過去式：intimated

復(fù)數(shù):intimates

第三人稱單數(shù)：intimates

雙語例句

1.Automobilefuelhasintimaterelationshipwithautombiles.

車用燃料與汽車有著不可分割的關(guān)系.

2.Hehasparticipatedtheintimateregulationofthetaskwithallthestrength.

他全力投入了自己所規(guī)定的任務(wù).

3.Intimatefriendsmaywellbethebestcompanionsall,butentirelydifferent

rulesoftravelprevail.

作為出游伙伴，親密朋友是最好選擇，但存在不同的旅行規(guī)則.

三：閱讀訓(xùn)練

WhenIwasyoung,myfriendsandIoftenplayedbaseballinanalley（小巷）

behindourhome.AwomannamedMrsShinasownedatinyhousenearby,andshe

usedtowatchusplayfromherwindow.1Weallthoughtthatshewasmean.

Shehadabigtraineddogandwheneveroneofourbaseballsrolledinits

direction,MrsShinaswouldsendthedogtocatchit.2Soonweranoutof

balls.

Inthosedays,Iusedtowaterourlawneachday.OnedayasIstoodwateringour

smalllawn,InoticedthatMrsShinas'lawnlookedalittl