2023年慶陽市合水縣考研《英語一》高分沖刺試卷含解析

2023年慶陽市合水縣考研《英語一》高分沖刺試卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Expertssayboredomisgoodforkids.Itforcesthemtobecreative,1theirimaginations,andhelpsthemdiscovernewthings.A(n)2inpointis13-year-oldLukeThrillfromDubuque,Iowa.Lukewas3ofplayingvideogamesandridinghisbike,sohedecidedtobuildatinyhouseinhisbackyardinstead.Hemademoneyfromcuttinglawns(草坪)and4exchangedsomeservices,suchasgainingthehelpofanelectricalengineer5sweepinghisgarage.Lukealso6sparematerialsfromhisgrandmother’shouseandother7materialsfromhisneighborsforsomeofthewindowsandthedoor.The89-square-foothomecost$1,500tobuildand818months.Insidethere’sakitchenette,abacksittingroom,atableandamounted(鑲嵌的)TV,andanupstairsbedroomcanbeeasily9bystairway.AlthoughLukedidthe10andlearnedhowtodoallthework,hehadhisfather’s11throughouttheproject.GregThrillwasveryhappythathissonlearnedtostayon12anddealwithgrown-ups.13,hehadsomesimpleruleswhenLuke14thehouse:“You15themoney.Youbuildit.Andyouownit.”Lukeisnowinlovewith16.HehasaYouTubechannelandhopesto17otherkidstostartbuilding.18,hewantstobuildabiggertinyhousetolivein,butfornow,he19inhisnewhomeafewnightsaweek,doeshomeworkthere,andusesittotakea20fromhistwinbrother.1、A．changes B．ignores C．improves D．weakens2、A．method B．explanation C．procedure D．case3、A．tired B．fond C．confident D．guilty4、A．thus B．even C．still D．a(chǎn)nyhow5、A．inexchangefor B．inpraisefor C．insupportof D．inplaceof6、A．updated B．ordered C．removed D．used7、A．recycled B．cheap C．new D．raw8、A．spent B．took C．saved D．wasted9、A．supported B．a(chǎn)ccessed C．held D．landed10、A．research B．housework C．experiment D．discovery11、A．permission B．help C．control D．order12、A．credit B．business C．budget D．duty13、A．Therefore B．Besides C．Rather D．However14、A．finished B．decorated C．started D．painted15、A．borrow B．donate C．raise D．distribute16、A．books B．videos C．riding D．building17、A．inspire B．press C．command D．warn18、A．Luckily B．Eventually C．Frequently D．Strangely19、A．bringsout B．leavesout C．hangsout D．putsout20、A．ride B．risk C．chance D．breakSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Thenexttimeyourbrainrefusestorecallasimplefactorname,bethankful.Thatcouldbeasignthatyourbrainisgettingridofunnecessaryinformationsothatitcanoperatemoreefficiently,andhelpyoumakebetterdecisions.Theresearcherssaytherearenumerousneurobiological(神經(jīng)生物學(xué)的)studiesconductedonhowthebrainstoresinformation,aprocesscalledpersistence(暫留).However,scientistsalsoassumedthatouroccasionalinabilitytorecallfactswasduetoaareanthebrain.In2013,scientistsdiscoveredthatasnewneuronscombinewiththehippocampus(海馬區(qū))----aregionofthebrainthatplaysasignificantroleinlearningandremembering---theyoverwriteoldmemories,makingthemhardertoaccess.Thereisalsoevidencethatthebrainweakensorremovesconnectionsbetweenneurons,inwhichmemoriesareencoded.Thescientistshaveatheoryonwhythebrainspendssomuchenergyerasingmemories.Theysaywhatthebraindecidestoforgetisdeterminedbyourdailylife.Anexampleisthatourbrainsrememberphonenumbersaccordingtotheneed.Insteadofstoringthisirrelevantinformationthatourphonescanstoreforus,ourbrainsarefreeduptostorethememoriesthatactuallydomatterforus.Theyalsobelievethatmemorizingtoomuchdetailcouldpreventusfrommakinggooddecisions.Sothenexttimeyouareunabletorecallaseeminglyimportantfact,don’tbehardonyourself.Justthrowittoyourbrain’s“rubbishcan”tomakeroomforinformationthatcancontributetomakingyousmarter!Remember,evenAlbertEinsteinwasabsent-minded!1、Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．PersistenceisnotaprocesstostoreinformationB．Onceinformationisstoredinthebrain,itwilllastforeverC．LearningandmemorizingtakeplaceinthehippocampusD．Newneuronswillstrengthenoldmemories2、Thebrainhastoerasememoriesto__________.A．recallimportantinformationB．storemoreimportantinformationC．storedetailD．rememberphonenumbers3、Ifsomeunimportantinformationisstored,itwillbe_________.A．combinedwiththehippocampusB．processedandmemorizedpermanentlyC．storedanddecodedimmediatelyD．removedandforgottensoon4、Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ScientistsencourageustoforgetthingsB．ThewayourbrainsmemorizeandencodeC．ForgettingthingsmaymakeyousmarterD．WhywasAlbertEinsteinabsent-minded?Text2ItwaslateAugustwhenIgotacallfromagrandmother.ShelivesinSeeleyLake,Montana,andshehasheardwehaveairpurifiers(凈化器)withhigh-efficiencyparticulateair(HEPA)air-cleanersthatcanhelpwithsmoke.Sheneedsoneforthebaby’sroom.Iexplainedwedidn’thaveanyandtoldherhowtopurchaseone.Shecoughedandwentsilentwithdisappointmentbeforeaskinghowmuchtheycost.AlmosteverypersonItalktoinSeeleyLakehasthiscough.“Thefamilydoesn’thavemuchmoney,”shesaid,butshepromisedtoorderafilterforthechild.Smallfilters—onesthatcancleanabedroomofupto75squarefeet—costabout$70each.Thenextday,thewildfirethathadbeenburningforweeksintheLoloNationalForest,northeastoftown,movedclosertothewoman’sneighborhood,andthecountysheriff’sofficeevacuated(疏散)thearea.Iwonderedwhethertheair-cleanerwouldbetherewhenthefamilyreturnedhome.Iknewthesmokewouldbe.Asanair-qualityspecialistwiththeMissoulaCity-CountyHealthDepartmentinMontana,myjobistounderstandairpollution,controlitasmuchaspossible,andhelppeopleprotectthemselvesfromitseffects.Ifocusonsmokemanagement:issuingpermitsforoutdoorburnsandupdatingresidentsaboutwhattoexpectfromthesmokewhenwildfiressenditourway.Neverhadweseensomanywildfiressoclosetohomeforsomanyweeks.TherearesixclassesontheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency’sAirQualityIndex(指數(shù)):good,moderate,unhealthyforsensitivegroups,unhealthy,veryunhealthy,anddangerous.SeeleyLake’sairreacheddangerousclassin18dayslastsummer.Lastyearwastroubledbywildfiresaroundthecountry.ThefiresthatstruckNorthernCaliforniaalonekilled44peopleandcausedmorethan$9billionindamage.Butthisisn’tjustarecentproblem,norisitlimitedtotheWest.Wildfireshit49statesin2017,includingaswathfromFloridatoVirginia.Morethan9millionacresburnednationwide,comparedwiththeyearlyaverageof6.5millionacres.1、Whydidthegrandmothermakeacalltotheauthor?A．Topreventthewildfire.B．Tohelphermakeamove.C．Toaskforanairpurifier.D．Togetinformationaboutairpollution.2、Howdidthewomanfeelabouttheauthor’sreply?A．Angry. B．Hopeful.C．Excited. D．Disappointed.3、What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingparagraph5?A．Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.B．Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.C．Tointroduceanewtopicfordiscussion.D．Tomakethereadersrealizethesituation.4、Comparedwiththeyearlyaverage,theburnedacresnationwidein2017roseby________.A．a(chǎn)bout49% B．a(chǎn)bout38%C．a(chǎn)bout72% D．a(chǎn)bout52%Text3Friendshipisoneofthebasicbondsbetweenhumanbeings.Whilethecharacteristicsoffriendshipmightvaryfromonecountrytoanother,peoplefromallculturesnotonlyenjoyfriendsbutneedthem.Manystudieshaveshownthatteenagerswhohavenofriendsoftensufferfrompsychologicaldisorders.Ithasbeenshownthatteenagers,perhapsmorethananyotheragegroup,needcompanionshipandasenseofbelonging.Thenegativeconsequencesoflonelinesshavealsobeenobservedamongtheelderly.Thedeathofaspouseoftenleavesawidoworawidowertotallybereft.If,however,theyaresurroundedbyfriendsandrelativesandiftheyareabletoexpresstheirfeelings,theyaremorelikelytorecoverfromtheirgrief.“Nomanisanisland.”Inotherwords,weareallpartsofsociety.Weallneedthelove,admiration,respectandmoralsupportofotherpeople.Ifwearefortunate,ourfriendswillprovideuswithallofthesenecessaryaspectsoflife.Asmostpeopleobserve,therearemanylevelsoffriendship.Thedegreeorintensityoffriendshipvariesdependingonthepersonalityoftheindividualsinvolvedandthecontextoftherelationships.Outgoingpersonsenjoybeingsurroundedbymanypeoplewhereasshypersonsareperhapscontentwithfewerbutmoreintensefriendships.Everyoneisnotequallyopenwithalltheirfriends.Thedegreeofclosenessisdeterminedbymanyfactors.Closefriendscanbeformedatanystageinone’slifebuttheyareusuallyveryrare.Notverymanypeoplehavemorethanafewreallyclosefriends.Regardlessofthelevelofcloseness,allfriendshipsarebasedonreciprocity(互惠),honestyandacertainamountofloveandaffection.1、Whoaremorelikelytosufferfrompsychologicaldisorderswithoutfriends?A．Teenagers.B．Adults.C．Theelderly.D．Acouple.2、Whatdoesthesentence“Nomanisanisland”reallymean?A．Nomaniswillingtoliveonanisland.B．Manusuallydoesn’tgotoanislandC．Everyoneisrelatedwithoursociety.D．Oursocietyisjustlikeanisland.3、Whatcanwelearnaboutoutgoingpeople?A．Theylikebeingalone.B．Theyarefondofmakingfriends.C．Theyhaveintensefriendships.D．Theyhavefewerclosefriendsindeed4、Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theformationofclosefriends.B．Thenumberofrealfriends.C．Honesty,loveandaffection.D．Factorstodeterminethedegreeofcloseness.Text4Evenplantcanrunafever，especiallywhenthey'reunderattackbyinsectsordisease．Butunlikehuman，plantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3，000feetawaystraightup．Adecadeago，adoptingtheinfrared（紅外線）scanningtechnologydevelopedformilitarypurposesandothersatellites，physicistStephenPaleycameupwithaquickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichonesareunderstress．Thegoalwastoletfarmersprecisely（精確的）targetpesticide（殺蟲劑）sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefield，whichalwaysincludesplantsthatdon'thavepestproblems．Evenbetter，Paley'sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblemsbeforetheybecamevisibletotheeye．Fixedonaplaneflownat3，000feetatnight，aninfraredscannermeasuredtheheatsentoutbycrops．Thedataweretransformedintoacolor﹣codedmapshowingwhereplantswererunning"fevers"．Farmerscouldthenspot﹣spray，using50to70percentlesspesticidethattheyotherwisewould．ThebadnewsisthatPaley'scompanycloseddownin1984，afteronlythreeyears．Farmersresistedthenewtechnologyandlong﹣termsupporterswerehardtofind．Butwiththerenewedconcernaboutpesticidesonproduceandrefinements（改進）ininfraredscanning，Paleyhopestogetbackintooperation．Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthatthetechnologyworks．"Thistechniquecanbeusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnitedStates，"saysGeorgeOertherofTexasA&M，whorecentlyretiredfromtheDepartmentofAgriculture，thinksremoteinfraredcropscanningcouldbeadoptedbytheendofthedecade．ButonlyifPaleyfindsthefinancialsupportwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago．1、Plantswillgiveoutanincreasedamountofheatwhentheyare．A．facinganinfraredscannerB．sprayedwithpesticidesC．exposedtoextremesunraysD．inpoorphysicalcondition2、Inordertoapplypesticidesprayingprecisely，wecanuseinfraredscanningto．A．drawacolor﹣codedmapB．evaluatethedamagetothecropsC．locatetheproblemareaD．measurethesizeoftheaffectedarea3、Theapplicationofinfraredscanningtechnologytoagriculturemetwithsomedifficultiesof．A．thelackofofficialsupportB．itshighcostC．thelackoffinancialsupportD．itsfailuretohelpincreaseproduction4、Infraredscanningtechnologymaybebroughtbackintooperationbecauseof．A．fullsupportfromagriculturalexpertsB．theforcefulpromotionbytheDepartmentofAgricultureC．thedesireoffarmerstoimprovethequalityoftheirproduceD．growingconcernabouttheoveruseofpesticidesoncropsPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Lovingyourselfmeanslovingeverythinginyou，yourheight，yourvoice，youreyes，yourhair，even1．(include)themistakesthatyouhavemade2．weknow，nooneisperfectAlwaysaskyourself，“AmIgettingunhappyjustbecauseofthemistakesImade？”or“DoIhavethecouragetocorrectmymistakes？”3．theanswerisyesorno，havingapositiveattitudeisthemostimportantBravelyfacethemistakesthat4．(make)yesterdayandtryyourbesttoencourageyourselftolearn5．themTheymightbeyourbestteachersWhencorrectingthemistakesandmakingyourown6．(decide)，youwillfindthatyouaregetting7．(strong)andmoreoptimisticwitheachdaypassingDon'texpecteverybodytolikeyou8．isstillOKifsomeonedoesn'tlikeyouBeing9．youareisthebestwaytoshowyourloveforyourselfMydearfriends，get10．(start)fromnowonLoveyourselfandsmileeveryday!Tiedtoskis(滑雪板)andpulledarounda1．(freeze)lakebyathoroughbredracehorse—skij?ringisasportlikenootherThehardyskierstravelatfrighteningspeeds,usingjusttheirvoiceandasetofrulestoguidethehorsesaroundtheicytrackThe2．(usual)sportisconsideredtheshowpieceeventoftheWhiteTurfraces—awinteryfestivalheldattheupmarketskiresortofStMoritzThesportrequirestheabilitytomixskiingtalent3．a(chǎn)high-levelofhorsemanship“Duringtheraceyouneedareallystrongvoice,”two-timeracewinnerValeriaHolingertoldCNNSport“Onlybyshoutingcanyoumakethehorsego4．(fast)thanothers”Competitorsmustwaituntilthey’re18before5．(allow)toparticipateintheeventEventhen,driver—asthey’reknown—mustpassfitnesstests6．hardtheoryexams—forgoodreason,tooNotonly7．(be)theytravelingatincrediblespeeds,thereisalsotheaddeddangerof8．(full)grownracehorsestrampling(踩)ontheskisInaddition,thespeedinghooves(馬蹄)kickuphugeamountsofsnowandice9．crashintothelegsoftheskiersbehindSuchuniquethreatscallforunique10．(protect)DriversarerequiredtousefacemaskstokeepthesnowoutoftheireyesandwearbodyarmorundertheirskisuitsSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)USCityBansTextingwhileWalkingParentsusuallyteachtheirchildrenhowtocrossthestreetsafely,bylookingbothwaysforcars.Butdotheyalsoteachthemtoputawaytheircellphones?ThecityofHonolulu,Hawaiiwantseveryonetolearnthatlesson.1、BeginningonOctober24,youcouldbefinedfrom$15to$99ifyoustepintoaHonolulustreetwhilelookingatyourphone.HonoluluisthefirstmajorU.Scitytobanwhatiscalled“distracted(分散注意)walking.”itrecentlypassedalawinaseventotwovote.Thelawsays:“Nopedestrianshallcrossastreetorhighwaywhileviewingamobileelectronicdevice.”2、Thelaw’screatorshopeitwilllowerthenumberofpeoplehitandkilledbycarsinthecity,MayorKirkCaldwelltoldReutersnewsagency,“Weholdtheunfortunatedistinction(區(qū)別)ofbeingamajorcitywithmorepedestriansbeinghitincrosswalks,particularlyourelders,thanalmostanyothercityinthecountry.”Thelawincludesallelectronicdeviceswithscreens:cellphones,tables,gamingdevices,digitalcamerasandlaptopcomputers,3、Pedestriansmayusesuchdevicesinthestreettocallemergencyservicesandrescueworkers,suchasfirefightersandpoliceofficers.4、TheGovernorsHighwaySafetyAssociation,orGHSA,sayspedestriandeathsintheUnitedStatesincrease25percentbetween2010and2015.Thattrendcontinuedin2016withthenumberofpedestriandeathsrisingtoalmost6000,11%higherthanin2015.Ifyoustillwanttotextwhilewalking,youcouldavoidbeingfinedinHonolulu(andbesafer,ingeneral)byusingavoice-controlleddigital(數(shù)字的)assistantsuchasSiriorGoogleAssistant.5、A．Thelawdoespermitanexception.B．ThelawpermitspeopletowatchTVwhilecrossingthestreet.C．Oryoucouldjustwaituntilyouareagain,safely,offthestreet.D．Textingwhilecrossingthestreetwillsoonbebannedinthecity.E.Youwillbesentencedtoprisonwhileusingcellphonesinthestreet.F.Pedestriandeathshavebeenincreasingastheuseofcellphonesrises.G.Inotherwords,donotlookatascreenwhenyoucrossthestreetoryoucouldbefined.Youwanttohelptheenvironment.Youwanttoteachyourchildrentoprotecttheearth.Youcandobotheasilybymakingfamilyactivitiesenvironmentally-friendly.Planningactivitiesaroundthenaturalworldcanbefun,andeducationalforallmembersofthefamily.Makerecyclingapartofeverydaychores(家務(wù)活兒）.Eventheyoungestchildrencanhelpwithrecyclingchores.Forinstance,apreschoolercanhelpanadultorolderchildsortrecyclables.Youcanusetheopportunitytoteachthedifferencebetweenglass,plastic,paper,