高三閱讀理解技巧課件

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解指導(dǎo)ReadingComprehension1高考閱讀文章體裁和題材2說(shuō)明文(Exposition)：科普類(lèi)、社會(huì)生活類(lèi)、介紹類(lèi)等應(yīng)用文(Practical

writing)：廣告、新聞、調(diào)查報(bào)告、說(shuō)明書(shū)等記敘文(Narration)：文學(xué)類(lèi)（小說(shuō)、故事、人物傳記等）議論文(Argumentation)：各種社會(huì)熱議話(huà)題近三年江蘇高考閱讀理解題型及分布3講解與指導(dǎo)AWhatgenre(體裁)does

this

text

belong

to?Exposition(說(shuō)明文)Argumentation(議論文)

C.C. Practical

writing(應(yīng)用文）D.D.

Narration (記敘文）41.

What

made

“I”

finally

think

of

getting

a

cell

phone?Being

stuck

by

the

highway.Being

urged

by

his

grandkids.Being

persuaded

by

cell

phone

salespersons.【D試.題Be解in析g】a細(xì)ttr節(jié)ac事te實(shí)d

by

the

friendly

return

policy.“Well,

I

finally

did

it.

I

finally

decided

to

enter

the

digitalage

and

get

cell

phone.

My

kids

have

beenannoyingme

and

the

last

straw

was

when

my

car

brokedown,and

I

was

stuck

by

the

highway

for

an

hour

beforesomeone

stopped

to

help.

But

when

I

went

to

the

cell…the

last

straw---the

straw(稻草)that

breaks

the

camel’s

back壓垮駱駝的稻草The

last

problem

that

finally

makes

sb

give

up終于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事53.

An

advantage

of

Jitterbug

mentioned

in

thepassage

is

.A.

its

discount

price

with

a

free

giftC.

its

“global-positioning”

system

with

911

accessD.

its

good

customer

service

all

over

the

world【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)Affordable

plans

that

I

canunderstand--and

no

contract

to

sign(簽訂)!Unlike

other

cellphones，Jitterbug

has

plans

that

make

sense.

Why

should

Ipay

for

minutes

I

m

never

going

to

use?And

if

I

dotalk

more

than

I

plan，I

won’t

find

myself……

B.

its

reasonable

rate

plans

without

acontract干擾項(xiàng)：部分錯(cuò)誤C最強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng):含有g(shù)lobal-positioning該信息，而未提及Jitterbug這款手機(jī)就具有該功能。有我能懂的可承受的費(fèi)率結(jié)算方案，以及無(wú)需簽訂消費(fèi)合同6事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題指導(dǎo)策略7提問(wèn)方式(Question

forms):Which

of

the

following

statement

is

true/false?Choose

the

right

order

of

the

events

given

in

the

textWhich

of

the

following

is

not

the

result

of

….?What

does

the

writer

pay

the

least

attention

to?The

author

gives

the

example

…

in

order

to…..?干擾項(xiàng)特征(Identities

of

wrong

choices)8Not

mentionedPartly

mentionedTo

switch

information

of

A

to

that

of

BSimilar

to

original

sentences,

with

some

keywordchangedPartly

right,

partlywrongWrong

summary

aboutfacts(無(wú)中生有、以偏概全、張冠李戴、與原文極為相似，但改變一些關(guān)鍵詞、部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤、對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)的錯(cuò)誤概括)Approaches:9Scanning

the

passage

with

questionsPositioning

the

content

in

the

related

paragraphs

Analyzing

the

key

sentences,

especially

complexones

Figuring

out

main

ideas

of

the

paragraph

and

therelationship

between

main

ideas

and

facts.5.

(1.

查讀法：帶著問(wèn)題瀏覽文章2.原文定位法：根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)內(nèi)容

3.

分析關(guān)鍵句和長(zhǎng)難句4.判定細(xì)節(jié)和主題的關(guān)系)Berninger

and

her

colleagues

conducted

a

study

that

looked

at

theability

of

students

to

complete

various

writing

tasks--both

on

acomputer

and

by

hand.

The

study,

published

in

2009,

foundthatwhen

writing

with

a

pen

and

paper,

participants

wrote

longeressays

and

more

complete

sentences

and

had

a

faster

word

production

rate.Berninger’sstudypublishedin2009

.A.

focused

on

the

difference

between

writing

by

hand

and

on

acomputer.B.

indicated

that

students

prefer

to

write

with

a

pen

and

paper.C.

found

that

good

essays

are

made

up

of

long

sentences.D.

discussed

the

importance

of

writing

speed.Practicestudy

orconsider

sthA---a

correct

summary10B/C/D---incorrect

understanding

B11What

genre

does

this

text

belong

to

?

A.

Exposition(說(shuō)明文)B.

Argumentation(議論文)C.C. Practical

writing(應(yīng)用文）D.D.

Narration (記敘文）5.

According

to

the

inventors,

shrilk

has

greatpotentialpartly

because

.it

can

help

plastic

degradeit

can

be

found

in

living

thingsits

mass

production

has

been

realizedits

raw

materials

are

abundant

in

nature【試題解析】推理判斷（para4）Shrilk

has

great

potential,

the

inventors

said.Mate1rials

from

which

it

is

made

are

plentiful

in

nature,found

in

everything

ranging

from

shrimp

shells,

insectbodies

to

living

plants.

That

m2akesshrilk

lowcost,and

its

mass

production

possible

should

it

be

used

forproducts

demanding

a

lot

of

material.該段主題句12支撐句1和2是何關(guān)系？Thatmakesshrilk

low

cost,

and

its

massproductionpossibleshould

it

be

usedfor

products

demanding

alot

ofmaterial.此句意為,“如果將shrilk用于那些對(duì)材料需求量大的產(chǎn)品，其存在于自然界中豐富的物質(zhì)材料會(huì)使得成本低，而且可以大量生產(chǎn)?！?長(zhǎng)難句2分析:that

指代前面提到的materials

from

which

it’s

made

areplentiful

in

naturemake

后接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，make

shrilk

low

cost(使其成本低）make

its

mass

production

possible(使其大量生產(chǎn)成為可能）should

it

be

used

for….=if

it

should

be

used

for….It

指shrilk135.

According

to

the

inventors,

shrilk

has

greatpartly

becausepotential

.A.

it

can

help

plastic

degrade【試題解析】推理判斷（para4）Shrilk

has

great

potential,

the

invMate1rials

from

which

it

is

made

are

plentiful

in

nature,found

in

everything

ranging

from

shrimp

shells,

insectbodies

to

living

plants.

That

m2akesshrilk

lowcost,and

its

mass

production

possible

should

it

be

used

forproducts

demanding

a

lot

of

material.該段主題句何關(guān)系？entors

said.

D.

its

raw

materials

are

abundant

in

nature無(wú)關(guān)信息B.it

can

be

found

in

living

things

片面信息C.

its

mass

production

has

been

realizedC為最大干擾項(xiàng)，通過(guò)對(duì)支撐句和長(zhǎng)難句的分析，便可排除。支撐句1和2是因果關(guān)系Cause-effect14推理判斷題指導(dǎo)策略15提問(wèn)方式(Question

forms):It

can

be

inferred

from

the

passage

that…Theauthorsuggeststhat

What

does

the

passage

imply

about…?Which

of

the

following

can

be

inferred

from

thepassage?What

is

the

author’s

attitude

toward…?題型特征：主旨類(lèi)推理判斷和局部推理判斷；理解原文字面意義基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，作出判斷和推理干擾項(xiàng)特征:16

推理過(guò)度，超出文章范圍

只是原文的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述而非推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論

看似從原文中推斷出來(lái)，而因果倒置、手段變目的等

考生已有的常識(shí)，但不是從文章內(nèi)容而推斷得出解題方法：1.直接推導(dǎo)法：迅速定位考點(diǎn)出處，根據(jù)此處上下文推敲2.2.排除法：排除掉那些膚淺闡釋、顛倒次序、無(wú)中生有的選項(xiàng)，必須遵循一個(gè)原則“緊扣文章內(nèi)容”O(jiān)ne

evening,

I

got

off

the

bus

about

halfway

home

where

I

had

tochange

buses,……

I

found

the

bus

stop,

which

was

a

request

stop,where

the

bus

wouldn’t

stop

unless

passengers

wanted

to

get

on

oroff.

No

one

else

was

there

and

I

had

to

try

to

guess

if

the

bus

hadarrived.Generally

in

this

situation,

because

I

hated

showing

I

was

blind

byasking

for

help,

I

tried

to

guess

at

the

sound.

Sometimes

I

wouldstop

a

big

lorry

and

stand

there

feeling

stupid

as

it

drew

away.

In

the

end,I

usually

managed

to

swallow

my

pride

and

ask

someone

at

thestopfor

help.What

was

the

problem

with

guessing

at

the

sound

to

stop

a

bus?A.

Other

vehicles

also

stopped

there.B.

It

was

unreliable

for

making

judgments.C.

More

lorries

than

buses

responded

to

the

girl.D.

It

took

too

much

time

for

the

girl

to

catch

the

bus.Practice無(wú)關(guān)信息錯(cuò)誤推斷

考生固有的常識(shí)：盲人乘車(chē)不便，花時(shí)間自然多，但與此題無(wú)17

關(guān)What

will

be

talked

about

in

the

next

paragraph?A.

More

reasons

for

sub

healthC.

Who

suffers

from

subhealthD.

Why

people

with

higher

education

more

likely

tosuffer

subhealth.Bad

working

habits,

poor

disease

preventionknowledge,

not

enough

governmental

investmentand

lack

of

health

education

are

themainreasons,

said

Yang

Xiaoduo,

a

healthcare

expertwith

a

local

health

association,

who

said

China

should

race

against

time

seeking

measuresto

solve

the

sub

healthIdentifying

links

between

paragraphs18

B.

The

way

to

solve

the

problem

of

sub

healthpTrhoebllaesmt

.sentence

introducesthe

topic

of

the

next

paragraphC19What

genre

does

this

text

belong

to

?A.

Exposition(說(shuō)明文)

B.

Argumentation(議論文)C.C. Practical

writing(應(yīng)用文）D.D.

Narration (記敘文）11The

author’s

attitude

towards

strange

dress

stylesin

the

workplace

may

best

be

described

as

.A.

enthusiastic

B.negative C.

positive D.sympatheticare

legal.【試題解析】推理判斷---觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度As

a

hiring

manager

I

am

paid

to

choose

the

people

whowouldmake

the

best

impression

on

our

customers.

There

are

plenty

ofwell-qualified

candidates,

so

it

isn’t

wrong

to

reject

someone

who

might

disappoint

my

customers.

Even

though

I

am

open-minded,

Ican’t

expect

all

our

customers

are.There

is

nobody

to

blame

but

yourself

if

your

set

ofchoices

does

not

match

that

of

your

preferred

employer.

No

company

should

have

to

change

to

satisfy

a

candidate

simply

because

he

orshe

is

unwilling

to

respect

its

standards,

as

long

as

its

standards作者要選能給顧客留下好印象的員工，拒聘那些令顧客失望的，公司不必改變其對(duì)服飾要求的規(guī)定去迎合應(yīng)聘者20觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度解題方法：辨別清楚文章文體：議論文，文章中心句一般暗示作者的態(tài)度；說(shuō)明文，其體裁客觀性，作者態(tài)度往往中立；記敘文，文章觀點(diǎn)不直接給出，作者寫(xiě)作常帶有某種傾向，需細(xì)心捕捉情感態(tài)度的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子區(qū)分選項(xiàng)的褒貶義(Emotional

meaning)21D22What

genre

does

this

text

belong

to

?Exposition(說(shuō)明文)Argumentation(議論文)C. Practical

writing(應(yīng)用文）

D.D.

Narration (記敘文）12.

What

does

the

underlined

part

in

Paragraph

1mean?A.

I

was

waiting

for

good

fortune.B.

I

was

trying

to

find

an

admirable

job.D.

I

was

doing

several

jobs

for

more

pay

at

atime.I

left

university

with

a

good

degree

in

English

Literature,but

no

sense

of

what

I

wanted

to

do.Over

the

next

sixyears,

I

was

treading

water,

just

trying

to

earn

anincome.

I

tried

journalism,

but

I

didn’t

think

I

was

any

good,

thenFinally,finance,

which

I

hated.

I

got

a

job

as

a

rightsassistant

at

a

famous

publisher.

I

loved

working

withbooks,

although

the

job

that

I

did

was

dull.【試題解析】語(yǔ)義理解不知道做什么 為了收入來(lái)源，做過(guò)記者曲解文意，未明確

C.

I

was

being

aimless

about

a

suitable

job.23最后有了一份工作語(yǔ)義理解題指導(dǎo)策略24提問(wèn)方式(Question

forms):The

word

“…”refers

to

….?The

underlined

word

“…”

could

be

replaced

by

?What

do

you

think

the

expression

“…”

stands

for?Which

of

the

following

is

closest

in

meaning

to

“…”?By

saying

“…”

we

mean

…題型特征：對(duì)文中單詞、詞組和句子的理解解題方法：251.通過(guò)上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義(context)①定義或釋義關(guān)系②同位關(guān)系③同義或反義關(guān)系④描寫(xiě)⑤因果關(guān)系⑥語(yǔ)法功能⑦上下文提供的信息⑧代詞所指的內(nèi)容通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法來(lái)猜測(cè)(wordformation)轉(zhuǎn)化：詞形不變而詞性發(fā)生變化合成詞：由兩個(gè)或以上的獨(dú)立含義的單詞組合而成的派生詞：在詞根上加前綴和后綴3.平時(shí)注意累積生詞和短語(yǔ)(accumulation)26One

morning,

however,

I

found

its

bed

empty.

My

babybrother

was

gone!

I

cried

for

it.

Mum

wept

and

told

methat

the

poor

little

thing

had

been

sent

to

a

hospital.

Hehad

a

fever.

For

several

days,

I

heard

Mum

and

Dadwhispering

such

words

as

“hopeless”,

“pitiful”,

and“dying”,

which

soundedominous.What

does

the

underlined

word

“ominous”

in

Paragraph3probably

mean?A.

Impossible B.

Boring C.

DifficultPractice

D.

FearfulAccording

todescription27Franz

Kafka

wrote

that“a

book

must

be

the

ax(斧子)

for

the

frozen

sea

inside

us.

”I

once

shared

thissentence

with

a

class

of

seventh

graders,and

it

didn’tseem

to

require

any

explanation.The

underlined

words

in

Paragraph

1

probably

meanthatabookhelpsto

.A.

realize

ourdreamsB.

give

support

to

our

lifeC.

smooth

awaydifficultiesPractice

D.

awake

our

emotions修辭法：暗喻（metaphor),

將書(shū)比喻成斧子,內(nèi)心的冰河比喻成沉睡的情感。字面意思“一本書(shū)就是能融化我們冰凍著的內(nèi)心的一把斧子”,即指一本書(shū)能夠喚醒我們內(nèi)心深處的情感引起共鳴之意。For

lawyers,

a

courtroom

is

a

battlefield.Compared

to

my

house,

his

is

a

palace.28【試題解析】主旨大意where

I

now

have

my

own

name

on

a

contract(合同)ofthe

publisher

—

to

be

a

published

writer

—

isunbelievably

rewarding.B信息正確，無(wú)關(guān)主題C延伸內(nèi)容，出現(xiàn)在文末，但與主題不密切D局部信息，屬細(xì)節(jié)而非概括15.

What

does

the

author

mainly

want

to

tell

readersin

the

lastparagraph?B.

Hard

work

can

lead

tosuccess.C.

She

feels

like

being

unexpectedly

lucky.D.

There

is

no

end

in

sight

when

starting

to

dosomething干擾項(xiàng)：

A.

It

pays

to

stick

to

one’sgoal.It

feels

like

an

unbelievable

stroke

of

luck

—

of

fate,really.

When

you

set

out

to

do

somethingdifferent,

there’s

no

end

in

sight,

so

to

find

myself

in

aposition當(dāng)你開(kāi)始從事不同的事時(shí)，起初看不到結(jié)果，而最后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在出版合同上簽名時(shí)—將成為出版作家，才體會(huì)到這未曾想過(guò)的回報(bào)29主旨大意題指