土壤學(xué)英文詞匯

土壤與土壤資源學(xué)常用專業(yè)詞匯土壤與土壤資源學(xué)常用專業(yè)詞匯（一）土壤礦物質(zhì)礦物mineral石英quartz長(zhǎng)石feldspar巖石rock花崗巖granite風(fēng)化（作用）weather粘土clay（minerals）母質(zhì)parentmaterial/subsoil蘇達(dá)soda石灰lime土壤soil土體solum云母mica（二）土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)有機(jī)質(zhì)organicmatter泥炭peat腐殖質(zhì)humus凋落物litter林褥forestfloor積累accumulate/deposit分解decomposition/decompose礦化mineralization（三）土壤生物土壤生物體soilorganism土壤動(dòng)物（區(qū)系）soilfauna細(xì)菌bacteria真菌fungi（ploffungus）藻類algae土壤植物（區(qū)系）soilmicroflora蚯蚓earthworm蟻ant螨mite根際therhizosphere根瘤rootnodule/roottubercle菌根mycorhiza土壤酶soilenzyme固氮菌diazotroph（四）土壤理化性質(zhì)土壤物理性質(zhì)soilphysicalproperties質(zhì)地texture粒組soilseparate砂質(zhì)sandy壤質(zhì)loam粘質(zhì)clay粘重heavy礫石gravel土壤結(jié)構(gòu)soilstructure團(tuán)粒granular土壤孔隙系統(tǒng)soilporesystem孔隙度porosity土壤容重bulkdensity/apparentdensity土壤比重particledensity土壤濕度狀況soiltemperatureregime土壤通氣性soilaeration土壤水soilwater土壤濕度soilmoisture含水量soilmoisturecontent水勢(shì)waterpotential毛細(xì)作用capillary土壤顏色soilcolor蒙塞爾土壤色卡MunsellSoilColorChart土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)soilchemistryproperties氧化-還原（作用）oxidation-reduction膠體colloid吸附adsorption陽(yáng)離子交換量cationexchangecapacity陰離子交換anionexchange鹽基飽和度saltbasepercentage/base-saturationpercentage土壤反應(yīng)（pH）soilreaction（pH）

酸性acid酸度酸性acid酸度acidity堿化alkalinization堿性的alkaline（堿土）堿度alkalinity（六）養(yǎng)分、肥料及肥力土壤養(yǎng)分soilnutrient營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素nutrientelement大量元素macro-element微量元素micro-/traceelement氮nitrogen水解氮hydrolysablenitrogen硝態(tài)氮nitratenitrogen氨態(tài)氮ammoniumnitrogen磷phosphorus有效磷availablephosphorus鉀potassium鈣calcium鎂magnesium硫sulphur鐵iron鋁aluminium錳manganese土壤養(yǎng)分供應(yīng)soilnutrientsupply土壤肥力soilfertility肥料fertilizerormanure施肥fertilizationormanure吸收absorptionoruptake空中施肥（飛機(jī)）aerialfertilization葉面施肥foliarfertilization缺乏deficiency缺氮nitrogendeficiency缺鉀potassiumdeficiency肥料效果responseto/effectoffertilizer土壤植物診斷soilandplantdiagnosis可見癥狀visualsymptom化肥fertilizer完全性肥料completefertilizer綠肥（作物）green-maturecrops廄肥stablemanure（長(zhǎng)效肥料）糞便excrement鳥糞guano/gwa:neu/骨粉bonemeal堆（漚）制（作堆肥）compost草皮turf草炭peat草木灰ash石灰lime石膏gypsum硝酸鹽肥料nitrate過(guò)磷酸鹽肥料superphosphate鉀鹽肥料kainite（七）土壤發(fā)生與分布分類風(fēng)化作用weathering土壤發(fā)育（發(fā)生）pedogenesis/soildevelopment/genesis/formation土壤發(fā)生因素factorofsoildevelopment土壤發(fā)育過(guò)程processesof淋溶（作用）leaching/eluviation沉積deposit淀積illuviate（soil專用）沉淀（沉降）precipitation（水）飽和saturate還原（條件）reductionorreducingcondition潛育gleys好氣條件aerobics（pl）（condition）累積accumulation富集（積）enrichment/concentration銹斑mottling雜色的、斑駁的mottled過(guò)濾percolate土壤剖面soilprofile剖面發(fā)育profiledevelopment發(fā)生層horizon（layer）有機(jī)質(zhì)層organiclayer腐殖質(zhì)層humuslayer礦質(zhì)土層mineralhorizon文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持A、B、C層A、B、Chorizon淋溶層eluvialhorizon淀積層illuvialhorizon潛育層gleyinghorizon土壤分布soildistribution地帶性土壤zonalsoils非地帶性土壤（在內(nèi)）intrazonalsoil土壤帶soilstripes/ai/土壤復(fù)域soilcomplex土壤分類soilclassification土地經(jīng)營(yíng)landmanagement地力分級(jí)landclassification立地site立地指數(shù)siteindex深翻ripping松土'scarifying/ai/土壤改良soilreclamation/improvement土壤保持soilconservation荒地virginland開荒reclamation診斷層diagnostichorizon分類單元診斷層diagnostichorizon分類單元categories溝渠clinch土綱soilorder土類greatgroup土綱soilorder土類greatgroup亞類group（subgroup）淋溶土Alfisols旱成土Aridisols新成土Entisols有機(jī)土Histosols始成土Inceptisols軟土Mollisols氧化土Oxisols灰土（灰壤）Spodosols老成土Ultsols變性土Vertisols暗棕壤DarkBrownForestSoil草甸土Meadowsoil沼澤土Bogsoil石質(zhì)土Lithosolsoil（八）土壤管理耕作cultivateortillage灌溉irrigation排水drain（n、-age）放牧pasture集約（精耕）intensive肥力保持maintainsoilfertility輪作croprotation排污wastedischarge風(fēng)化殘?jiān)黵esiduen.殘積土residualsoil底土subsoil沉積物depositsediment沖積物alluvialmaterial沖積砂fluvialsand沖積土alluvialsoil冰川glacier凍土glacialsoil松散巖石（母質(zhì)）unconsolidatedrocks非破碎巖石uncrambledrocks山脈mountainrange山脊（山嶺）mountainridge坡地slope坡度f(wàn)allinggradient/ei/陡steep/緩gentle分水嶺watershed谷地valley盆地basin洼地lowlandordepressionorloblolly平原plain平地flatland沙丘dune/ju:/漫灘（泛濕地）floorplain山洪torrent文檔來(lái)源為文檔來(lái)源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持.沼澤（泥沼）marsh/swamp/bog沼澤（泥沼）marsh/swamp/bog人為攪動(dòng)土disturbedsoil（十）土壤環(huán)境學(xué)旱化droughtorxeric水淹floodoroverflow侵蝕erosion可蝕性erodibility生荒的virgin精耕的（集約）intensive開墾reclamation土壤改良soilimprovementoramelioration/oramendment硬化（板結(jié)）compact水利waterconservancy水土保持soilandwaterconservation重金屬heavymetal元素element環(huán)境背景值（本底值）backgroundlevels汞mercury鎘cadmium鉛lead污水/下水道sewage；工業(yè)effluents污灌sewagefarm二氧化硫sulfurdioxide/dai'eksaid/酸雨acidrain/precipitation大氣沉降atmosphericdeposition（fallout）環(huán)境污染物environmentalpollutant危害（危險(xiǎn)）hazard劇毒highlytoxic毒害、毒物poison濃縮、富集enrichment/concentrate工業(yè)廢物（殘?jiān)﹊ndustrialsediment廢物處理wastedisposal污水凈化sewagepurification爛泥sludges（化學(xué)）組成composition微生物轉(zhuǎn)化microbiologicaltransformation中毒水平toxiclevel農(nóng)藥污染pesticidepollution殺蟲劑pesticide殺菌劑細(xì)菌bactericide真菌fungicide除草劑herbicide殘留residue降解、凈化degradationv.-de富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化eutrophia生物富集biotic-enrichment/beneficiation放射性物質(zhì)（廢物）radioactivewastes廢氣dischargeoreffluentgas廢水sewage/effluent/wastewater土壤污染soilpollution/contamination廢渣fagend/wasteslag/industrialsedimentorwaste工業(yè)三廢threeindustrialwaste環(huán)境保護(hù)environmentalprotection環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)environmentalmonitoring環(huán)境危害environmentalhazard環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——standard/criteria（評(píng)價(jià)）環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)---criticize/assayment/evaluate污水凈化sewagepurification污染生物指數(shù)boiticindexofpollution）土壤分析常用詞消化digestion稀釋dilution萃取extraction萃取劑extractant（劑）extract（物）滲透osmosis滲漏percolation擴(kuò)散