2018年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題（卷一）

2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題（第1套）PartI(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,areallowed30minutesanessayonimportanceofbuildingtrustbetweenemployersandemployers.canciteexamplesillustrateyourviews.shouldatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListening(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,hearlongconversationstheendofeachconversation,hearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionsbespokenonlyonce.Afterhearaquestion,mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),andD).ThenthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1asinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4basedonconversationyouhaveheard.1234.A)Itatypicalsalad.Itaweirdvegetable.B)aSpanishsoup.Itakindofspicyfood..addappeal.B)morenutritious..A)Itcontainslittlefat.B)usesoilcooking..doesnotstaleforyears.B)takesnospecialskillprepare.replaceaningredient.Itusesnoartificialadditives.Itofvegetables.ItcomesfromaspecialkindofItadelicacyblendedbread.Questions5to8basedonconversationyouhaveheard.5678.A)TheyagreatB)Theydonotdecentgifts..A)$30-$40.Theydonotprice.TheywellItalianfood.$50-$60.B)$40-$50.Around$150..A)Theyareahealthychoiceforelderlypeople.B)TheyareespeciallypopularamongItalians..A)ItwineimportedfromCalifornia.B)lessspicythanallotherredwines.TheysymbolizegoodhealthandTheywelldifferentkindsoffood.Itfarexpensivethanheexpected.Itmostfamousofredwine.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,hearpassages.theendofeachpassage,hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionsbespokenonlyonce.Afterhearaquestion,mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1asinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9tobasedonpassageyouhaveheard.91.A)Learningothers’secrets.C)Decodingsecretmessages.D)Spreadingsensationalnews.B)Searchingforinformation.0.A)Theyhelpedthe.B)TheycoulddownspokencodesC)Theywereassigneddecodeenemymessages.Theyweregoodatbreakingenemysecretcodes.A)ImportantbattlesfoughtthePacificB)Decodingofsecretmessageswartimes.C)Amilitarycodethatwasneverbroken.D)NavajoIndians’contributioncodebreaking.1-1-Questions12to15basedonpassageyouhaveheard.12.Aservicesbepersonalized.B)Alotofknowledge-intensivejobsbereplaced.revolutionizeallsectorsofD)Moreinformationbeavailable.3.A)Intherobotics111InthepersonalcareB)Intheinformationservice.Inhigh-endmanufacturing.4.A)Theyprices.Theycatertheneedsofyoungpeople.Theyfocusoncustomers’specificneeds.B)Theyneedlotsoftraining.5.A)Therisingdemandeducationandhealthcarethenext20years.B)Thedisruptioncausedbytechnologytraditionallywell-paidjobs.C)Thetremendouschangesnewtechnologybringlives.Theamazingamountofpersonalattentionpeoplewouldlikehave.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,hearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingsbeplayedonlyonce.hearaquestion,mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenthecorrespondingletteronAnswer1asinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18basedonyouhaveheard.1116.A)ItwasthelongestroadancientEgypt.B)Itwasconstructed500yearsago.7.A)Sawsusedforcuttingstone.Itlay8milesfromthemonumentsites.Itlinkedastonepitwaterways.ancientgeographicalmap.B)leftbyearlyexplorers.D)Somestonetoolsegments.8.A)transportstonesblockfloods.B)provideservicesforthestonepit.C)linkthevariousmonumentsites.connectthevillagesalongtheNile.Questions19to21basedonyouhaveheard.1229.A)Gonghimanyconventionaltests.B)Gongmarkedhisahand-paintedC)Gongaskhimanyquestionsabouthispain.Gongslippedneedleswherehefeltnopain.0.A)HehadheardofthewondersacupuncturecouldB)GongwasfamousNewChinatown.C)Previousmedicaltreatmentsfailedrelievehispain.foundtheexpensivemedicaltestsunaffordable.1.A)Moreandmorepatientsaskforthetreatment.B)Acupuncturetechniqueshavebeenperfected.C)Itneedtheconventionalmedicaltests.Itdoesnothaveanynegativesideeffects.Questions22to25basedonyouhaveheard.22.A)Theywereontheofbreakingup.B)Theywerecompatibledespitedifferences.C)TheyquarreledalotandneverresolvedtheirTheypersistentlyaboutwhetherhavechildren.3.A)Neitherofthemhasanybrothersorsisters.B)Neitherofthemwontheirparents’2C)Theyweren’tspoiledtheirchildhood.Theybetheappleoftheirparents’eyes.-2-224.A)Theyareusuallygoodatmakingfriends.B)Theytendbeadventurousandcreative.C)Theyareoftencontentwhattheyhave.Theytendbeself-assuredandresponsible.5.A)Theyenjoymakingfriends.Theyareleastlikelyinitiative.Theyusuallyhavesuccessfulmarriages.Theytendbewelladjusted.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereapassagetenblanks.arerequiredselectonewordforeachblankfromaofchoicesgivenawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoicethebankidentifiedbyaPleasethecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2asinglelinethroughthecentre.notuseanyofthewordsthebankthanonce.Questions26to35basedonfollowingpassage.ScientistsscanningandmappingtheGizapyramidssaythey’vediscoveredthatGreatPyramidofGizanotexactlyeven.Butreallynotbymuch.ThispyramidtheoldestoftheSevenTheexactsizehasexpertsforcenturies,asthe“morethan21acresofhard,whitecasingstones“thatoriginallycoveredwere27ago.Reportingthemostrecentissueofthenewsletter“AERAGRAM,”which28ResearchAssociates,engineerGlenDashhisteamusedanewmeasuringapproachthatinvolvedfindinganysurviving26longtheworkortheAncientEgypt2390,ofthecasingorderdeterminewheretheoriginaledgewas.Theyfoundtheeastsideofthepyramidbeaof5.5inchesshorterthanthewestside.Thequestionthatmostwrong4,500yearsage,buthowtheysoclose32laidouttheselinessuch33usingonlythetoolstheyhad,”Dashwrites.hisEgyptianslaidouttheirdesignonagrid,notingthatthegreatpyramidorientedonly35awayfromthecardinal31howtheEgyptianswhodesignedandbuiltthepyramid.canonlyspeculateashowtheEgyptianscouldhave34thatthedirections(itsnorth-southruns3minutes54secondswestofduenorth,whileeast-westruns3minutes51secondsnorthofdueeast)—anamountbutarcheologistAtlasObscurapointsout.A)chroniclesB)completeI）perfectJ)precisionpuzzledestablishedfascinatesE)hypothesismomentummysteriously）remnants）removedrevelationsOslightlySectionBDirections:Inthissection,aregoingreadapassagetenstatementsattachedEachstatementcontainsinformationgivenoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationderived.chooseaparagraphthanonce.EachparagraphmarkedaAnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswer2.PeerHasaPositiveSideA.Parentsofteenagersoftenviewtheirchildren‘sfriendssomethingsuspicion.Theyworrythattheadolescentpeergrouphasthepowerpushmembersintobehaviorthatfoolishandevendangerous.Suchwarinesswellfounded:statisticsforexample,thatateenagedriverapassengerthecarathigherriskofafatalcrashthananadolescentdrivingaloneoranadult.Ina2005psychologistLaurenceSteinbergofUniversityandhispsychologist-3-thenatdivided306peopleintothreegroups:youngadolescents,aof14;olderadolescents,aof19;andadults,aged24andSubjectsplayedacomputerizeddrivingwhichtheplayermustavoidcrashingintoawallthatmaterializes,withoutwarning,ontheSteinbergandGardnerrandomlyassignedparticipantsplayaloneorpeerslookingOlderadolescentsscoredabout50percenthigheronanindexofriskydrivingwhentheirpeersweretheroom—andthedrivingofearlyadolescentswasfullytwiceasrecklesswhenotheryoungteenswerearound.contrast,adultsbehavedsimilarregardlessofwhethertheywereontheirownorobservedbyothers.“Thepresenceofpeersmakesadolescentsandyouth,butnotadults,likelyrisks,”SteinbergandGardnerconcluded.D.theyearsfollowingthepublicationofthisSteinbergbeganbelievethatthisinterpretationdidnotcapturethewholepicture.heandotherresearchersexaminedthequestionofwhyteensweremoreaptrisksthecompanyofotherteenagers,theysuspectthatacrowd‘sinfluenceneednotbenegative.Nowexpertsareproposingthatshouldadvantageoftheteenkeensensitivitythepresenceoffriendsandimproveeducation.aSteinbergandhiscolleaguesturnedfunctionalMRI（磁共振）investigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectstheactivitytheadolescentbrain.Theyscannedthebrainsof40teensandadultswhowereplayingavirtualdrivingdesignedtestwhetherplayerswouldbrakeatayellowlightorspeedonthroughthecrossroad.Thebrainsofteenagers,butnotadults,showedgreateractivityregionsassociatedrewardswhentheywerebeingobservedbypeersthanwhenalone.otherwords,rewardsaremoreintenseforteenswhentheyarepeers,whichmotivatesthempursueexperiencesthatbringabig（suchasthethrillofjustmakingthebeforeturnsred）.ButSteinbergsuspectedthistendencycouldalsohaveadvantages.Inhislatestexperiment,publishedonlineAugust,SteinbergandhiscolleaguesusedacomputerizedversionofacardcalledtheIowaGamblinginvestigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectsthewayyoungpeoplegatherandapplyinformation.Theresults:whoplayedtheGamblingundertheeyesoffellowadolescentsengagedexploratorylearnedfasterfrombothpositiveandnegativeoutcomes,andachievedbetterperformanceonthetaskthanthosewhoplayedsolitude.“Whatourstudysuggeststhatteenagerslearnquicklyandwhentheirpeersarepresentthanwhenthey‘reontheirown,”Steinbergsays.Andthisfindingcouldhaveimportantimplicationsforhowthinkabouteducatingadolescents.MatthewLieberman,asocialcognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andauthorofthe2013bookSocial:WhyOurBrainsAreConnect，suspectsthatthehumanbrainespeciallyadeptatlearningsociallysalientinformation.pointsaclassic2004studywhichpsychologistsatDartmouthandHarvardUniversityusedfunctionaltrackbrainactivity17youngastheylisteneddescriptionsofpeoplewhileconcentratingoneithersociallyrelevantcues（forexample,tryingformanimpressionofapersonbasedonthedescription）orsociallyneutralinformation（suchasnotingtheorderofdetailsthedescription.Thedescriptionsweretheeachcondition,butpeoplecouldbetterrememberthesestatementswhengivenasocialmotivation.I.Thestudyalsofoundthatwhensubjectsthoughtaboutandlaterrecalleddescriptionstermsoftheirinformationalcontent,regionsassociatedfactualsuchasthemedialtemporallobe,becameactive.Butthinkingaboutorrememberingdescriptionstermsoftheirsocialmeaningactivatedthedorsomedialprefrontalcortex—partofthebrain‘ssocialnetwork—evenastraditionalmemoryregionsregisteredlowofashereporteda2012LiebermanhasdiscoveredthatthisregionmaybepartofadistinctnetworkinvolvedsociallymotivatedlearningandSuchfindings,hesays,suggestthat“thisnetworkcanbecalledonprocessandstoretheofinformationtaughtschool—potentiallygivingstudentsaccessarangeofuntappedmentalpowers.”J.Ifhumansaregenerallygearedrecalldetailsaboutonethispatternprobablyevenmorepowerfulamongteenagerswhoareattentivesocialdetails:whoin,whoout,wholikeswhom,whomadatwhom.Theirpenchantforsocialdramanot—ornotonly—awayofdistractingthemselvesfromtheirschoolworkorofdrivingadultsItactuallyaneurological（神經(jīng)的）initiatedbyhormonalchanges.Evolutionarilyspeaking,peoplethisgroupareatawhichtheycanpreparefindaandstarttheirownfamilywhileseparatingfromparentsandstrikingoutontheirdothistheirbrainpromptsthemthinkandevenobsessaboutothers.ourschoolsfocusprimarilyonstudentsasindividualentities.Whatwouldhappeneducatorsinsteadtook-4-advantageofthefactthatteensarepowerfullycompelledthinksocialterms?InSocial,Liebermanoutanumberofdoso.HistoryandEnglishcouldbepresentedthroughthelensofthepsychologicaldrivesofthepeopleinvolved.OnecouldthereforepresentNapoleontermsofhisdesireimpressorChurchilltermsofhislonelyLessinherentlyinterpersonalsubjects,suchasmath,couldacquireasocialaspectthroughteamproblemsolvingandpeertutoring.Researchshowsthatwhenabsorbinformationorderteachsomeoneelse,learnmoreaccuratelyandperhapspartbecauseareengagingoursocialcognition.Andalthoughanxiousparentsmaynotwelcomethenotion,educatorscouldturnadolescentrecklessnessacademicends.“RisktakinganeducationalcontextavitalskillthatenablesprogressandwroteSarah-JayneBlakemore,acognitiveneuroscientistatUniversityLondon,areviewpublishedlastshenoted,manyyoungpeopleareespeciallyriskaverseatschool—afraidthatonelowtestscoreormediocregradecouldcostthemaspotataselectiveshouldassuresuchstudentsthatrisk,andevenpeerpressure,canbeagoodthing—aslongashappenstheclassroomandnotthe333344Itthoughtprobablethatthehumanbrainparticularlygoodatpicking-upsociallyimportantinformation.Itcanbeconcludedfromexperimentthatthepresenceofpeersincreasesrisk-takingbyadolescentsandyouth.Studentsshouldbetoldthatrisk-takingtheclassroomcanbesomethingpositive.Theoffindingamateandgettingmarriedaccountsforadolescents’greaterattentionsocialinteractions.AccordingSteinberg,thepresenceofpeersincreasesthespeedandeffectivenessofteenagers’leaning.parentsareoftenconcernedaboutnegativepeerinfluence.42.Activatingthesocialnetworkinvolvedsociallymotivatedlearningandmemorymayallowstudentstapunusedmentalpowers.444Thepresenceofpeerintensifiesthefeelingofrewardsteens’brains.Whenabsorbinformationforthepurposeofimpartingothers,dosogreatersecretaryanddepth.Someexpertsaresuggestingthatturnpeerinfluencegooduseeducation.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesthissection.Eachpassagefollowedbyquestionorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2asinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonfollowingpassage.TheEbroDelta,Spain,famousasabattlegroundduringtheSpanishCivilnowthesettingforadifferentcontest,onethatpittingricefarmersagainstenemies:therice-eatinggiantapplesnail,andrisingsealevels.WhathappensherehaveabearingonthefutureofEuropeanriceproductionandtheoverallhealthofsouthernEuropeanwetlands.LocatedontheMediterraneanjusthourssouthofBarcelona,theEbroDeltaproduces120millionkilogramsofriceamakingoneofthemostimportantrice-growingareas.theseacreepsintothesefreshwatermarshes,risingsalinity（鹽分）hamperingriceproduction.thetime,thissea-wateralsokillsthegreedygiantapplesnail,anintroducedpestthatfeedsonyoungriceplants.ThemostpromisingstrategyhasbecomeharnessonefoeagainsttheThebattlecurrentlybeingwagedonland,greenhousesattheUniversityofBarcelona.Scientistsworkingunderthebanner“ProjectNeurice”areseekingvarietiesofricethatcanwithstandtheincreasingsalinitywithoutlosingtheabsorbencythatmakesEuropeanriceidealfortraditionalSpanishandItaliandishes.“Theprojecthassides,”XavierSerrat,NeuriceprojectmanagerandresearcherattheUniversityofBarcelona.“Theshort-termagainstthesnail,andamid-long-termagainstclimatechange.ButthesnailhasgiventheprojectgreaterOriginallyfromSouthAmerica,thesnailswereaccidentallyintroducedintotheEbroDeltabyGlobalAquaticacompanythatraisedthesnailsforfresh-wateraquariums（水族館）,butfailedpreventtheirescape.ForthegiantapplefootholdEuropelimitedtheEbroDelta.Butthesnailcontinuesmarchnew-5-Serrat.“Thequestionnotreachotherrice-growingareasofEurope,butwhen.”thenextyearandahalfinvestigatorstestthevariousstrainsofsaline-tolerantricethey’veconcocted.2018,farmersplantthevarietiesthepromisetheEbroDeltaandothermainrice-growingregions—alongtheandRh?ne.Aseasonthefieldhelpdeterminewhich,ofthevarietiesarereadyforcommercialization.anEU-fundedthesearchforsalt-tolerantvarietiesofricetakingplaceallthreecountries.EachteamcrossbreedingalocalEuropeanshort-grainricealong-grainAsianvarietythatcarriesthesalt-resistantgene.Thescientistsarebreedingsuccessivegenerationsatvarietiesthatincorporatesalttolerancebutretainabout97percentoftheEuropeanricegenome（基因組）.4WhydoestheauthormentiontheSpanishCivilatthebeginningofthepassage?A）IthadgreatimpactontheofSpanishricefarmers.）ofgreatsignificancetherecordsofSpanish）RicefarmerstheEbroDeltaarewagingabattleofsimilarimportance.D）RicefarmerstheEbroDeltaareexperiencingashardaastheWhatbethestrategyforricefarmersemployfightingtheirenemies?44A）Strikingtheweakerenemyfirst.）Killingbirdonestone.）Eliminatingtheenemyonebyone。D）UsingonecombattheWhatdolearnabout“ProjectNeurice”?A）Itsgoalshaveberealizedatacost.）increasetheyieldofSpanishrice.）Itsimmediateprioritybringthepestundercontrol.D）Ittrieskillthesnailsthehelpofclimatechange.WhatdoesNeuriceprojectmanagersayaboutthegiantapplesnail?A）ItcansurviveonlyonsouthernEuropeanwetlands.）invadeotherrice-growingregionsofEurope.）multipliesataspeedbeyondhumanimagination.D）Itwasintroducedintothericefieldsonpurpose.450.WhattheultimategoaloftheEU-fundedprogram?A)Cultivatingidealsalt-resistantricevarieties.C)IntroducingSpanishricetherestofEurope.B)IncreasingtheabsorbencyoftheSpanishrice.Popularizingthericecrossbreedingtechnology.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonfollowingpassagePhotographywasonceanexpensive,laboriousordealreservedforlife’sgreatestmilestones.Now,theonlyapparentcosttakinginfinitephotosofsomethingascommonasathespaceonyourhardandyourdiningcompanion’spatience.Butthereanothercost,adeepercost,documentingaexperienceinsteadofsimplyenjoyinghearthatshouldn’tallthesephotosandinterrupttheexperience,andit’sbadforyou,andwe’renotlivingthepresentmoment,”KristinDiehl,associateprofessorofmarketingattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaMarshallSchoolofBusiness.Diehlandherfellowresearcherswantedfindoutthatwastrue,sotheyembarkedonaseriesofnineexperimentsthelabandthefieldtestingpeople’senjoymentthepresenceorabsenceofacamera.Theresults,publishedtheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,surprisedphotosactuallymakespeopleenjoywhatthey’redoingmore,notless.“Whatfindactuallylookattheworldslightlydifferently,becauseyou’relookingforthingswantcapture,thatwanthangonto,”Diehlexplains.“Thatpeoplemoreengagedtheexperience,andtheytendenjoymore.”sightseeing.Inoneexperiment,nearly200participantsboardedadouble-deckerbusforatourofPhiladelphia.Bothbustoursforbadetheuseofcellphonesbutonetourprovideddigitalcamerasandencouragedpeoplephotos.-6-Thepeoplewhotookphotosenjoyedtheexperiencesignificantlymore,andsaidtheyweremoreengaged,thanthosewhodidn’t.Snappingaphotodirectsattention,whichheightensthepleasurefromwhateveryou’relookingat,Diehlsays.Itforthingsasboringasarchaeological（考古