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北京市豐臺區(qū)2021屆高三英語上學(xué)期期中試題(含解析)注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前,考生務(wù)必先將答題卡上的學(xué)校、年級、班級、姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號用黑色字跡簽字筆填寫清楚,并認(rèn)真核對條形碼上的準(zhǔn)考證號、姓名,在答題卡的“條形碼粘貼區(qū)”貼好條形碼。2.本次考試所有答題均在答題卡上完成。選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆以正確填涂方式將各小題對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)涂黑,如需改動,用橡皮擦除干凈后再選涂其它選項(xiàng)。非選擇題必須使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)黑色字跡簽字筆書寫,要求字體工整、字跡清楚。3.請嚴(yán)格按照答題卡上題號在相應(yīng)答題區(qū)內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效,在試卷、草稿紙上答題無效。4.本試卷共100分,作答時(shí)長90分鐘。第一部分:知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題分,共15分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iwasneververyneat,whilemyroommateKatewasratherorganized.Eachofherobjectshadits___1___,butminealwayshidsomewhere.Overtime,Kategot___2___andIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover,andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgot___3___ofeachother.Oneevening___4___brokeout.Katecameintotheroom.Soon,Iheardhershouting,“Takeyourshoesaway!Whyundermybed!”Deafened,Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Istartedshouting.Sheshoutedbacklouder.Theroomwasfilledwith___5___.Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.Kateansweredit.Fromtheendofherconversation,Icould___6___rightawayhergrandmawasseriouslyill.Whenshehungup,shequicklyhidunderhercovers,sobbing(嗚咽).___7___,thatwassomethingsheshouldnotgothroughalone.Allofasudden,afeelingofsympathyroseupinmyheart.Slowly,Icollectedthepencils,tookbackthebooks,___8___mybed,cleanedthesocksandsweptthefloor,evenonherside.Iwassoburiedinmywork___9___Ievendidn’tnoticeKatehadsatup.Shewaswatching,andhertearsdried.Ilookedupintohereyes.Shesmiledatme,“Thanks.”KateandIstayedroommatesfortherestoftheyear.Wedidn’talways_____10_____,butwelearnedthekeytolivingtogether:givingin,cleaningupandholdingon.1.A.room B.place C.seat D.space2.A.uglier B.lazier C.cleaner D.brighter3.A.fond B.proud C.tired D.afraid4.A.war B.fire C.game D.disease5.A.worries B.concerns C.sadness D.anger6.A.tell B.express C.forecast D.show7.A.Surprisingly B.Clearly C.Fortunately D.Excitedly8.A.brought B.caught C.made D.changed9.A.which B.that C.why D.what10.A.hurt B.play C.refuse D.agree【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.A7.B8.C9.B10.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和室友由矛盾狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為和諧共處的故事。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:她的每一件物品都有自己的位置,但我的總是到處亂藏。A.room房間;B.place地方,位置;C.seat座位;D.space空間。根據(jù)上文Katewasratherorganized(Kate卻很有條理),可知,她的每件物品都有自己的位置。下文語義轉(zhuǎn)折,對照作者的物品亂放,能夠驗(yàn)證Kate物品都有自己的地方。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】考查形容詞比較級詞義辨析。句意:隨著時(shí)間的推移,Kate變得更加干凈,而我變得更加凌亂。A.uglier更丑陋的;B.lazier更懶惰的;C.cleaner更干凈的;D.brighter更明亮的。根據(jù)前文Katewasratherorganized(Kate卻很有條理)和本段所述Kate和作者相反的生活習(xí)慣可知,Kate更干凈,更整潔了。故選C項(xiàng)?!?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我們都厭倦了對方。A.fond喜歡的;B.proud驕傲的;C.tired疲倦的,厭煩的;D.afraid害怕的。根據(jù)上文Kate和作者截然不同的習(xí)慣,以及后文的相互爭吵,可知,兩個(gè)人互相厭煩。故選C項(xiàng)。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:一天晚上,戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。A.war戰(zhàn)爭;B.fire火,開火;C.game游戲;D.disease疾病。根據(jù)上文Kate和作者的矛盾不同生活習(xí)慣,以及下文兩人之間的對話,以及“Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Istartedshouting.Sheshoutedbacklouder.”(我看見我的鞋子向我飛來。我開始大喊大叫。她更大聲地喊回去。)可以判斷,兩人矛盾升級,成為敵對狀態(tài),戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。故選A項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:房間里充滿了憤怒。A.worries擔(dān)心;B.concerns關(guān)心;C.sadness傷心;D.anger憤怒。因?yàn)镵ate和作者習(xí)慣不同,矛盾升級,互相吼叫爭吵,所以房間里充滿了“憤怒”。故選D項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:從她的談話結(jié)尾,我立刻就看出她的祖母病得很重。A.tell斷定,說出;B.express表達(dá);C.forecast預(yù)報(bào);D.show表明。根據(jù)句意,Kate接,從她的談話中,作者判斷出了Kate收到了不好消息,tell詞意之一為“斷定”,符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:很明顯,她不應(yīng)該獨(dú)自承受這一切。A.Surprisingly令人驚訝地;B.Clearly明顯地;C.Fortunately幸運(yùn)地;D.Excitedly興奮地。根據(jù)下文“Allofasudden,afeelingofsympathyroseupinmyheart.”(突然,一種同情的心情涌上心頭。)可知,作者感到同情,認(rèn)為她不應(yīng)該獨(dú)自承受不幸,很明顯的,作者要提供幫助。故選B項(xiàng)。【8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:慢慢地,我拿起了鉛筆,拿回了書,整理了床鋪,清洗了襪子,掃了地板,甚至是她那邊的地板。A.brought帶來;B.caught抓??;C.made制造;D.changed改變。makethe\one’sbed“整理床鋪”為動詞固定搭配。故選C項(xiàng)?!?題詳解】考查狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意:我全神貫注于工作我甚至沒有注意到Kate已經(jīng)坐起來了。A.which哪個(gè);B.that那個(gè);C.why為什么;D.what什么。分析句意可知,此句運(yùn)用so…that…句型表達(dá),so…that…意為“如此……以至于”,that用于引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我們并不總是意見一致,但我們學(xué)會了共同生活……。A.hurt傷害;B.play玩耍;C.refuse拒絕;D.agree同意。根據(jù)文章開頭線索,可知Kate和作者習(xí)慣不同,甚至因此而造成矛盾,可知,二人不會總是意見一致。另根據(jù)下文語義的轉(zhuǎn)折,“但我們學(xué)會了共同生活”,可以驗(yàn)證前文應(yīng)該表達(dá)“我們并不總是意見一致”。故選D項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】完形填空的解題技巧之一就是要根據(jù)上下文來學(xué)會“推理”出最佳選項(xiàng)。1.同學(xué)們要遵循“上下求索”的原則來查找信息。如第1小題,通過上文的Kate的“有條理”以及下文和Kate相對的作者的“到處亂放”,可以準(zhǔn)確的判斷Kate的物品都有自己的位置,從而判斷答place。再如第3題,通過上文了解到兩人習(xí)慣不同,以及后文互相爭吵,可以判斷兩人“互相討厭”,從而判斷答案tired。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題分,共15分)A閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Onemorning,thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop.Whenthebuscame,weallhurriedonboard.Aboy,ridingabikebesidethebusand____11____(wave)hisarm,caughtmyattention.Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboy____12____(run)upthebus.Thenheasked,“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanshouted,“Oh,dear!It’s____13____(I)”.Afterthatpeoplebegantalkingabout____14____theboyhaddoneandthecrowdofstrangerssuddenlybecamefriendlytooneanother.【答案】11.waving12.ran13.mine14.what【解析】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了某天早上一個(gè)騎自行車的男孩追上公交車,為了歸還一個(gè)女人的手提箱的故事。【11題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:一個(gè)騎著自行車,在公共汽車旁揮舞著手臂的男孩引起了我的注意。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知wave在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式,與邏輯主語boy構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填waving。【12題詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:最后,當(dāng)我們到達(dá)下一站時(shí),那個(gè)男孩跑上了公共汽車。根據(jù)上文“whenwecametothenextstop”可知事情發(fā)生在過去,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填ran。【13題詳解】考查代詞。句意:一個(gè)女人喊道:“哦,天哪!是我的。”此處作表語,表示“我的手提箱”應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞mine。故填mine。【14題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意:在那之后,人們開始談?wù)撨@個(gè)男孩所做的事情,這群陌生人突然變得彼此友好起來。此處為賓語從句,從句中缺少賓語,指“男孩所做的事情”應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what。B閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Guilinisadreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestone(石灰?guī)r)mountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver.It____15____(picture)byartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.ButastudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetopten____16____(destination)intheworld.AndthetownisfastbeingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.AbercrombieandKent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople____17____liveinShanghaiandHongKong.【答案】15.ispictured/hasbeenpictured16.destinations17.who/that【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了旅游勝地——桂林。桂林是游客尋找石灰?guī)r山頂和漓江的黑色水域的夢想之地,已被列為全球十大旅游目的地之一,并且這座城市正迅速成為亞洲人的周末旅游勝地。【15題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)。句意:在許多中國畫中,畫家都畫著它。/許多中國畫家都畫過它。分析句子可知缺少謂語動詞,但無明顯表示時(shí)間的狀語,句意描述的是客觀事實(shí),可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)描述為“已經(jīng)有很多人畫過它”,動詞picture與主語it之間為被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài),故填ispictured/hasbeenpictured。【16題詳解】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意:不過,TripAdvisor網(wǎng)站對游客進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查將陽朔列為全球十大旅游目的地之一。根據(jù)空前的數(shù)字“ten(10)”可知名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填destinations。【17題詳解】考查定語從句。句意:香港旅游公司AbercrombieandKent表示,它會定期為生活在上海和香港的人安排快速旅行。分析句子可知這是一個(gè)限定性定語從句,先行詞為people,指人,可以用who或that引導(dǎo)從句,作從句的主語,故填who/that。C閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Thetypeofclothingpletelyreliesonthepersonwearingitandbeesareflectionofpersonalidentity.Lately,thechoiceofclothingis____18____(important)thanidentificationthroughthecolorofhair,skinandgender.Aseverypieceofclothingcarriesastrongmessageaboutitsowner,everyowner“nests”acertainvalueinitdepending____19____hismindset(心態(tài))ortoday’smood.Therefore,theclothingofapersonisameansof____20____(municate)withtheoutsideworld.Itisthewayoftellingpeopleaboutthe“state”andthe“status”ofitsowner.【答案】18.moreimportant19.on20.munication【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了衣服的類型完全取決于穿著它的人,并成為個(gè)人身份的反映。最近,服裝的選擇比通過頭發(fā)顏色、皮膚和性別來識別更重要。服裝是一個(gè)人與外界交流的一種手段?!?8題詳解】考查形容詞比較級。句意:最近,服裝的選擇比通過頭發(fā)的顏色、皮膚的顏色和性別的識別更重要。根據(jù)后文“thanidentificationthroughthecolorofhair,skinandgender”以及句意“更重要”可知此處應(yīng)用形容詞比較級,important為多音節(jié)詞,變比較級前面需要加more。故填moreimportant。【19題詳解】考查介詞。句意:因?yàn)槊恳患路汲休d著關(guān)于其主人的強(qiáng)烈信息,每個(gè)主人要在其中“嵌入”某種價(jià)值都取決于自己的心態(tài)或今天的心情。根據(jù)句意表示“取決于”可知短語為dependon。故填on?!?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意:因此,服裝是一個(gè)人與外界交流的一種手段。此處作介詞of的賓語,表示“交流”應(yīng)填名詞munication,且munication不可數(shù)。故填munication。第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)第一節(jié)閱讀理解(共14小題;每小題2分,共28分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADearPrincipalStanton,ThedateforourannualDesertPathPrideSpiritWeekisrapidlyingandtheStudentCouncilhasbeendiscussingsomenewideasabouthowtocelebrateschoolpridethisyear.SinceSpiritWeekistheweekbeforescheduledtesting,wewouldliketosuggestbiningstudentfestivitieswithpreparationfortesting.Wewanttoassureyouthatallactivitieswouldfocusonacademicswhileprovidingfunforthoseinvolved.Ourplanfortheweekisasfollows:Monday—MathDaywouldincludefunmathgamesintheclassroomsandschoolwideactivitiessuchasguessingthenumberofbricksinabuilding,recordingtimesatrelayraces,andpetitionsformultiplicationfacts.Tuesday—Reader’sRoundupwouldfocusonbooksandauthors.Studentsandteacherscanedressedastheirfavoriteauthororcharacterfromabook.Thisdaywouldbegreatforthecontestof“BestReader”.Olderstudentscansharereadingtimewithyoungeragedbuddies.Wednesday—Writer’sDaywoulddisplaystudentwritingfrompreviouslyheldpetitionsfortypesofwritinglikepoems,storiesandessays.Ofcoursetherewouldbeprizesgivenforoutstandingwritingineachcategory.Thursday—NoFearDaywouldbewherewehaveourspiritedassembly(集合)togetusreadyfortesting.TheStudentCouncilcouldevenputonaskit(短劇)showinghowallofusatDesertPatharereadyfortestweek.Thesearejustafewoftheideasweareaskingyoutoconsider.WewouldliketohavetheopportunitytomeetwithyouanddiscussourplanandtohearwhatideasyoumayhaveforSpiritWeek.Pleaseletusknowwhenyoucanschedulesometimetomeet.Respectfullyyours,TheStudentCouncil21.WhydoestheStudentCouncilwritethislettertoPrincipalStanton?A.Todiscusstheirplan.B.ToadvertiseSpiritWeek.C.Toexplaintheirtestschedule.D.ToinvitetheprincipaltoSpiritWeek22.Ifyouwanttoreadyourfavoritebookstoothers,youwilltakepartinactivities______.A.onMonday B.onTuesdayC.onWednesday D.onThursday23.IfyoudogoodjobsonWriter’sDay,youmayprobably_______.A.begivenprizesB.dressasyoulikeC.gethighmarksinthetestD.havefuninschoolwideactivities24.Whichofthefollowingwillmostlikelyhappenasaresultofthisletter?A.Theprincipalwillgiveprizes.B.SpiritWeekwillbecancelled.C.SpiritWeekwillbepostponed.D.TheprincipalwillmeettheStudentCouncil.【答案】21.A22.B23.A24.D【解析】本文是一封書信。學(xué)生會給校長斯坦頓寫信,告知一些慶?!癉esertPathPrideSpiritWeek”的計(jì)劃,希望能夠和校長會面,商討這些想法?!?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“ThedateforourannualDesertPathPrideSpiritWeekisrapidlyingandtheStudentCouncilhasbeendiscussingsomenewideasabouthowtocelebrateschoolpridethisyear.(一年一度的DesertPathPrideSpiritWeek即將到來,學(xué)生會一直在討論如何慶祝今年的學(xué)校驕傲的新想法。)”和“Wewanttoassureyouthatallactivitieswouldfocusonacademicswhileprovidingfunforthoseinvolved.Ourplanfortheweekisasfollows:(我們想向您保證,所有的活動都將以學(xué)術(shù)為中心,同時(shí)為參與者提供樂趣。本周計(jì)劃如下)”可推斷,學(xué)生會給校長斯坦頓寫信是為了討論他們的計(jì)劃。故選A?!?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tuesday的計(jì)劃中的“Thisdaywouldbegreatforthecontestof“BestReader”.Olderstudentscansharereadingtimewithyoungeragedbuddies.(今天是“最佳讀者”競賽的大好時(shí)機(jī)。大一點(diǎn)的學(xué)生可以和小一點(diǎn)的同學(xué)分享閱讀時(shí)間。)”可知,星期二是閱讀日,如果你想要讀你最喜歡的書籍給其它人,可以參加這一天的活動。故選B。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Wednesday的計(jì)劃中的“Ofcoursetherewouldbeprizesgivenforoutstandingwritingineachcategory.(當(dāng)然,每個(gè)類別都會為杰出的作品頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng))”可知,如果作品好,會頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選A?!?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“WewouldliketohavetheopportunitytomeetwithyouanddiscussourplanandtohearwhatideasyoumayhaveforSpiritWeek.Pleaseletusknowwhenyoucanschedulesometimetomeet.(我們希望有機(jī)會與您見面,討論我們的計(jì)劃,并聽取您對SpiritWeek的想法。請讓我們知道你什么時(shí)候可以安排時(shí)間見面。)”可推斷,校長收到這封信,會與學(xué)生會見面,討論這些想法。故選D。BIthinkthatIalwaysknewIwantedtobeeanartist.Ican’trememberatimewhenIwasn’tdrawingorpaintingpictures.Myoldestsisterandmybrotherwereartistic,andwatchingthemdrawfascinatedme.Theyhadmanydifferentartsuppliesaroundthehouse.Boxesofpastels,littleinkbottlesandpenswereveryappealing.MyparentsandfriendssoonsawthatIhadmorethanapassinginterestinart.Itcametodefinemuchofmyimage.Relativesgavemeartrelatedbirthdaygifts.AtschoolIbecame“thekidwhocoulddraw,”auniquedistinction,like“brainiest”or“bestathlete”.AsIgotalittleolder,Ibegancopyingpictures:cartoons,icbooks,andmagazineillustrations.Mythirdgradeclasswroteessaysonwhatwewantedtobewhenwegrewup.Tomeitwasobvious.Wereadthemaloud,andItoldaboutthetypesofpaintingsIwouldsomedaytry.I’dhaveturtleswithpaintbrushestiedtotheirbackswalkingaroundonabigsheetofpaper.OrI’dfillsquirtgunswithdifferentcoloredpaintsandshootatthecanvas.Iactuallytriedthiswithfriends!Well,itsoundedlikeagoodidea.Oneoftheonlydiscouragingchildhoodexperiencesaboutmyartworkhappenedinthefourthgrade.DuringstudytimeIwasdrawingapicture.Myteachertookitawayandwroteanangrynotehometomymother.“Davidwouldratherbedrawingpicturesthandoinghiswork!!!”Icouldn’tbelieveit,threeexclamationpoints.School“artclasses”wereprettyuninspiring.Artneverseemedtobetakenasseriouslyasothersubjects.Intheeighthgrade,abigcareerdaywasheld.Monthsbefore,wewrotesuggestionsforcareerswewantedtohearabout.Onthebigday,guestspeakersfrommanyfieldscametotalk,buttherewasn’tonethatcameclosetoanartrelatedfield.InhighschoolitactuallysankinthatIwasgoingtobeanartist.Ialreadyknew.I’dalwaysknown.Myparentswereexcitedaboutmychoice,too.AsIlookedintoartschools,Ifeltlikedoorswerebeingthrownwideopen.Untilthenmyartwasaprivatething,butatartschoolIfoundaplacewhereeveryoneas“thekidwhocoulddraw.”25.Theauthorbecameinterestedinartbecauseof_________.A.hisparents’wishB.someschools’appealC.hisfamilymembers’influenceD.someexperts’suggestion26.Inthefourthgrade,theauthor_________.A.begancopyingpicturesB.drewwithsquirtgunsC.wasdiscouragedbytheteacherD.gotsuggestionsfromguestspeakers27.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthattheauthor_________.AthankedhisparentsverymuchB.wentintoanewworldofartC.wasstilltheonlykidwhocoulddrawD.stoppedlearningartfinally28.Thestoryinspirespeopleto_________.AsticktotheirdreamsB.treasurewhattheyhaveC.obeythenaturalrulesD.choosetheircareerearlier【答案】25.C26.C27.B28.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了由于受到家人的影響,作者從小就對畫畫感興趣,盡管在四年級時(shí)遇到過令自己沮喪的事情,但作者沒有放棄,最終進(jìn)入了自己理想的藝術(shù)學(xué)校?!?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Myoldestsisterandmybrotherwereartistic,andwatchingthemdrawfascinatedme.”可知,我姐姐和哥哥都很有藝術(shù)天賦,看他們畫畫讓我著迷。由此可推斷出,作者對美術(shù)產(chǎn)生了興趣是受家庭成員的影響。故選C項(xiàng)?!?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段關(guān)鍵句“Oneoftheonlydiscouragingchildhoodexperiencesaboutmyartworkhappenedinthefourthgrade.”可知,關(guān)于我的藝術(shù)作品,唯一令人沮喪的童年經(jīng)歷發(fā)生在四年級。再結(jié)合段落內(nèi)容可知,作者在四年級時(shí),由于在課上畫畫,被老師批評了。由此可知,在四年級時(shí),老師的行為讓作者感到沮喪。故選C項(xiàng)?!?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句“Untilthenmyartwasaprivatething,butatartschoolIfoundaplacewhereeveryoneas“thekidwhocoulddraw.”可知,在去藝術(shù)學(xué)校之前,我的藝術(shù)是私人的事情,但在藝術(shù)學(xué)校,我找到了一個(gè)人人都是“會畫畫的孩子”的地方。由此可推斷出,作者去了藝術(shù)學(xué)校讀書,那里有很多擅長和喜歡畫畫的人,作者是進(jìn)入了一個(gè)與之前不同的、新的藝術(shù)世界。故選B項(xiàng)?!?8題詳解】推理判斷題。文章主要講述了由于受到家人的影響,作者從小就對畫畫感興趣,盡管在四年級時(shí)遇到過令自己沮喪的事情,但作者沒有放棄,最終進(jìn)入了自己理想的藝術(shù)學(xué)校。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句“InhighschoolitactuallysankinthatIwasgoingtobeanartist.Ialreadyknew.I’dalwaysknown.”可知,作者一直都想成為一名畫家并一直堅(jiān)持這個(gè)夢想,由此可推斷出,這個(gè)故事主要是激勵(lì)人們要堅(jiān)持自己的夢想。故選A項(xiàng)。CTheworldisfullofdistractions.Ifyouworkinanoffice,itmightbeemails,phonecallsorcolleagueswithquestionstoask,whichtakeyourattentionawayfromwhatyouaredoingorthinkingabout.Ifyouareathome,itmightbethecontentsofthefridgeorasuddenfixationondustmites(塵螨)underthesofa.Sometimesittakesevenless.Ifyouaresittinganddoingworkandsomeonenearyousayssomethingparticularlyinteresting,thatcanpullyourfocus.Ifyouarenotcareful,youwillendupyourdaywithnothingacplished.So,howcanwestayfocusedinourwanderingminds?Switchingoffemailormessagingserviceshelps.Andputyoursmartphoneandotherirrelevantscreensaway—theyattractyourattentioneveniftheyareoff.Ifyoutendtopoponheadphonesandusemusictoshutoutdistractions,avoidlisteningtoanythingfamiliar.Knowingthewordsortunewellwilldistractyouevenmore.Notalldistractionsarebad,however.Ifyouaredoingsomethingrepetitivelikestuffingenvelopesorlayingbricks,beingdistractedbylisteningtomusicorengaginginaconversationwithacoworkercanultimatelyincreaseproductivity.Creativitycanbenefitfromdistractiontoo.JihaeShin,nowattheuniversityofWisconsinMadison,hasfoundthatwhenpeopleplayedMinesweeperforfiveminutesbeforeingupwithnewbusinessideas,theyweremorecreativethanthosewhodidn’tplay.Switchingbetweentaskscanalsohelp.Ingeneral,thisistheenemyofproductivity:itencouragesmistakes,stopsusfrompletingthings,promotesforgetfulnessandlowersthequalityofwriting.Butwhenwearetryingtoeupwithcreativesolutions,taskswitchingdistractionscanhelpprevent“cognitivefixation”onineffectiveapproaches.Soifyouareacreativetype,trylininguptwoormoretasksandspendyourdayswitchingbetweenthem.29.WhydoestheauthormentionmanyexamplesinPara.1?A.Torevealthetroublesofdistractions.B.Topresentthefindingsofrecentstudies.C.Tohighlightthevaluesofmultitasks.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofbeingfocused.30.Whatcanbeinferredabouttaskswitchingdistractionfromthepassage?A.Itwillimprovetheproductivityoftherepetitivework.B.Itmaybeshutoutbylisteningtothefamiliarmusic.C.Itmaylowertheefficiencyofmultitasks.D.Itwillhelptoeupwithnewideas.31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Upsidesanddownsidesofdistraction.B.Distractionandcreativity.C.Howtostayfocused.D.Causesofdistraction.【答案】29.A30.D31.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。這個(gè)世界充滿了干擾。不幸的是,世界也需要我們工作。文章就如何在走神的時(shí)候保持專注提出了一些建議?!?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Theworldisfullofdistractions.”(這個(gè)世界充滿了干擾。)可知,第一段舉例子是為了解釋說明揭示分心帶來的麻煩。故選A。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Butwhenwearetryingtoeupwithcreativesolutions,taskswitchingdistractionscanhelpprevent“cognitivefixation”onineffectiveapproaches.”(但當(dāng)我們試圖想出創(chuàng)造性的解決方案時(shí),任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換的干擾可以幫助防止對無效方法的“認(rèn)知固著”。)可推知,它會對想出新點(diǎn)子有幫助的。故選D?!?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容,根據(jù)第一段的“Ifyouarenotcareful,youwillendupyourdaywithnothingacplished.如果你不小心,你一天就會一事無成”可知陳述了分心的壞處;根據(jù)第三段的“Notalldistractionsarebad,however然而并非所有的分心都是壞的”可知陳述了并非所有分心都有壞處,再結(jié)合文章最后一段“Switchingbetweentaskscanalsohelp.Ingeneral,thisistheenemyofproductivity:itencouragesmistakes,stopsusfrompletingthings,promotesforgetfulnessandlowersthequalityofwriting.Butwhenwearetryingtoeupwithcreativesolutions,taskswitchingdistractionscanhelpprevent“cognitivefixation”onineffectiveapproaches.Soifyouareacreativetype,trylininguptwoormoretasksandspendyourdayswitchingbetweenthem.”(在不同任務(wù)之間切換也會有所幫助。總的來說,這是效率的大敵:它鼓勵(lì)錯(cuò)誤,阻止我們完成任務(wù),促進(jìn)健忘,降低寫作質(zhì)量。但當(dāng)我們試圖想出創(chuàng)造性的解決方案時(shí),任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換的干擾可以幫助防止對無效方法的“認(rèn)知固著”。所以,如果你是一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力的人,試著把兩個(gè)或更多的任務(wù)排列起來,然后花一天的時(shí)間在它們之間切換。)可知,文章主要講述的是分心的好處和壞處。故選A。DLastyear,Americansspentover$30billionatretail(零售)storesinthemonthofDecemberalone.Asidefrompurchasingholidaygifts,mostpeopleregularlybuypresentsforotheroccasionsthroughouttheyear,includingweddings,birthdays,anniversaries,graduations,andbabyshowers.Thisfrequentexperienceofgiftgivingcangenerateambivalentfeelingsingiftgivers.Manybelievethatgiftgivingoffersapowerfulmeanstobuildstrongerbondswithone’sclosestpeers.Atthesametime,manyworrythattheirpurchaseswilldisappointratherthandelighttheintendedreceivers.Anthropologistsdescribegiftgivingasapositivesocialprocess,servingvariouspolitical,religious,andpsychologicalfunctions.Economists,however,offeralessfavorableview.Theythinkthatgiftgivingrepresentsanobjectivewasteofresources.Peoplebuygiftsthatreceiverswouldnotchoosetobuyontheirown,oratleastnotspendasmuchmoneytopurchase.Giversarelikelytospend$100topurchaseagiftthatreceiverswouldspendonly$80tobuythemselves.Whatissurprisingisthatgiftgivershaveconsiderableexperienceactingasbothgiftgiversandgiftreceivers,butneverthelesstendtooverspendeachtimetheysetouttopurchaseameaningfulgift.Inthepresentresearch,psychologistsfindauniqueexplanationforthisoverspendingproblem—giftgiversequatehowmuchtheyspendwithhowmuchreceiverswillappreciatethegift.Althoughalinkbetweengiftpriceandfeelingsofappreciationmightseemrelevanttogiftgivers,suchanassumptionmaybeunfounded.Indeed,wefindthatgiftreceiverswillbelesswillingtobasetheirfeelingsofappreciationonthegiftpricethangiversassume.Thethoughtsofgiftgiversandgiftreceiversbeingunabletoaccountfortheotherparty’sperspectiveseemspuzzlingbecausepeopleslipinandoutoftheseroleseveryday.Yet,despitetheextensiveexperiencethatpeoplehaveasbothgiversandreceivers,theyoftenstruggletotransferinformationgainedfromoneroleandapplyitinanother.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ambivalent”inPara.1probablymean?A.Concerned B.Conflicting.C.Negative. D.Positive33.WhatcanwelearnfromPara.3?A.Giftreceiverslinktheirappreciationcloselytothegiftcost.B.Personalpreferencesaretheleasttobeconsidered.C.Theassumptionmadebygiftgiversisincorrect.D.Giftgivingisaprocessofwastingresources.34.Accordingtotheauthor,thedifferentthoughtsbetweenthegiftgiversandreceiversarecausedby.A.atrendofoverspendingB.aninabilitytoshiftperspectiveC.agrowingoppositiontogiftgivingD.amisunderstandingofintention【答案】32.B33.C34.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了美國人經(jīng)常購買禮物送給他人以此與對方建立牢固的聯(lián)系,但許多人也擔(dān)心他們購買的禮物不會讓其滿意。人類學(xué)家認(rèn)為此舉會產(chǎn)生積極的作用,但經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家對此看法并不樂觀,研究表明送禮者多花一點(diǎn)錢買禮物,而收禮者并不會認(rèn)為送禮者花了那么多錢,這是由于送禮者和收禮者無法站在對方的角度來看問題引起的。【32題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的“Manybelievethatgiftgivingoffersapowerfulmeanstobuildstrongerbondswithone’sclosestpeers.Atthesametime,manyworrythattheirpurchaseswilldisappointratherthandelighttheintendedreceivers.”可知,許多人認(rèn)為送禮是與親密的同齡人建立牢固聯(lián)系的有力手段。同時(shí),許多人擔(dān)心他們購買的禮物會使對方失望而沒有讓其滿意。由此可知,送禮物的人會有兩種感受,一種是認(rèn)為送禮物的方式是有用的而另一種是擔(dān)心這樣做不能使對方滿意,即這兩種感受是相矛盾的,因此conflicting(沖突的)可以解釋劃線詞的意思。故選B。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Inthepresentresearch,psychologistsfindauniqueexplanationforthisoverspendingproblem—giftgiversequatehowmuchtheyspendwithhowmuchreceiverswillappreciatethegift.Althoughalinkbetweengiftpriceandfeelingsofappreciationmightseemrelevanttogiftgivers,suchanassumptionmaybeunfounded.Indeed,wefindthatgiftreceiverswillbelesswillingtobasetheirfeelingsofappreciationonthegiftpricethangiversassume.”可知,在目前的研究中,心理學(xué)家為這個(gè)超支的問題找到了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的解釋:送禮者將其花費(fèi)與收禮者欣賞禮物的程度等同起來。盡管禮品價(jià)格和欣賞感之間的聯(lián)系在送禮者看來是有關(guān)的,但這種假設(shè)可能沒有根據(jù)。由此可知,送禮者認(rèn)為如果多花一點(diǎn)錢買禮物,收禮者會同等地多看重這份禮物的想法是沒有依據(jù)的,即送禮者所作的假設(shè)是錯(cuò)誤的。故選C。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thethoughtsofgiftgiversandgiftreceiversbeingunabletoaccountfortheotherparty’sperspectiveseemspuzzlingbecausepeopleslipinandoutoftheseroleseveryday.Yet,despitetheextensiveexperiencethatpeoplehaveasbothgiversandreceivers,theyoftenstruggletotransferinformationgainedfromoneroleandapplyitinanother.”可知,送禮者和收禮者無法從對方的角度來考慮問題,這似乎令人費(fèi)解,因?yàn)槊刻於加腥嗽谶@兩個(gè)角色之間來回切換。然而,盡管人們經(jīng)常作為送禮者和收禮者,但他們經(jīng)常難以從一個(gè)角色轉(zhuǎn)換到另一角色上來并以此來考慮問題。由此可知,根據(jù)作者的說法,送禮者和收禮者之間的不同想法是由于他們無法轉(zhuǎn)換視角來站在對方的角度看問題引起的。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。GettingLostinaGoodBookCanHelpKeepYouHealthyI’manovelistandit’sobviouslyinmyinteresttoencouragepeopletoread.Butthere’sincreasingevidencethatreadingisn’tjustforpleasure,ormerelyawayofimprovingliteracyskillsandfactualknowledge.___35___Firstly,readinghelpstolengthenattentionspansinchildrenandimprovestheirabilitytothinkclearly.____36____Itisessentialtolearnthisskillasasmallchild.Themoretheydoit,thebettertheygetatit.Also,readingcanhelppeoplelearntoempathize(產(chǎn)生共鳴).ArecentstudyattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthattherehadbeena48%decreaseinempathyamongcollegestudents.____37____Inaputergame,youmighthaverescuedaprincess,butyoudon’tcareabouther,youjustwanttowin.Butaprincessinabookhasapast,presentandfuture,shehasconnectionsandmotivations.Wecanrelatetoher.Weseetheworldthroughhereyes.Asamatteroffact,readingisfarfromapassiveactivity.Readingexercisesthewholebrain.Whenwereadandimaginethelandscapes,sounds,smellsandtastesdescribedonthepage,thevariousareasofthebrainthatareusedtoprocesstheseexperiencesinreallifeareactivated,creatingnewneuralpathways.___38___Thisdoesn’thappenwhenwe’rewatchingTVorplayingaputergame.Gettingsuckedintoagoodnovelappearstobebeneficialtoourmentalhealthtoo.____39____Readingnotonlyavoidsfeelingsofloneliness,ithelpsustowinddown,destressandforgetourownproblemsforawhile.A.Storieshaveastructurethatencouragestheirbrainstothinkinsequence,tolinkcause,effectandsignificance.B.Inotherwords,ourbrainsmodelrealexperiences,justasifwewerelivingthemourselves.C.Whenwereadagoodbook,we’retryingtofindoutitsmainidea.D.Itmightactuallybegoodforourmentalandphysicalhealthtoo.E.Butthosewhodidnotenjoytheseactivitieshadlotsofloss.F.Astheoldsayinggoes,“You’reneveralonewithabook.”G.Encouragingreadingcouldoverethis.【答案】35.D36.A37.G38.B39.F【解析】這是一篇說明文。越來越多的證據(jù)表明,閱讀不僅僅是為了娛樂,或者僅僅是提高讀寫能力和事實(shí)知識的一種方式,閱讀還對身心健康也有好處。文章主要說明了閱讀對人產(chǎn)生的一些積極作用。【35題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Butthere’sincreasingevidencethatreadingisn’tjustforpleasure,ormerelyawayofimprovingliteracyskillsandfactualknowledge.(但越來越多的證據(jù)表明,閱讀不僅僅是為了娛樂,或者僅僅是提高讀寫能力和事實(shí)知識的一種方式)”結(jié)合后文主要說明了閱讀對人身心所產(chǎn)生的好處,且上文中reading可對應(yīng)到D選項(xiàng)中it。故D選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上,它可能對我們的身心健康也有好處”符合語境,故選D。【36題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Firstly,readinghelpstolengthenattentionspansinchildrenandimprovestheirabilitytothinkclearly.(首先,閱讀有助于延長孩子注意力,提高他們清晰思考的能力)”以及后文“Itisessentialtolearnthisskillasasmallchild.Themoretheydoit,thebettertheygetatit.(從小學(xué)習(xí)這項(xiàng)技能是很重要的。他們做得越多,做得就越好)”可知,本句為過渡句,承接上文具體說明閱讀是如何提高思考能力的,且上文中improvestheirabilitytothinkclearly可對應(yīng)到A選項(xiàng)中encouragestheirbrainstothink。故A選項(xiàng)“故事有一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu),鼓勵(lì)他們的大腦按順序思考,把原因、結(jié)果和意義聯(lián)系起來”符合語境,故選A。【37題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ArecentstudyattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthattherehadbeena48%decreaseinempathyamongcollegestudents.(密歇根大學(xué)最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),大學(xué)生的同情心下降了48%)”以及后文“Inaputergame,youmighthaverescuedaprincess,butyoudon’tcareabouther,youjustwanttowin.Butaprincessinabookhasapast,presentandfuture,shehasconnectionsandmotivations.Wecanrelatetoher.Weseetheworldthroughhereyes.(在電腦游戲中,你可能救了一個(gè)公主,但你并不關(guān)心她,你只想贏。但是書中的公主有過去、現(xiàn)在和未來,她有聯(lián)系和動機(jī)。我們可以理解她。我們通過她的眼睛看世界)”可知,上文提出了大

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