起重吊裝、鋼絲繩知識(shí)

起重吊裝、鋼絲繩知識(shí)鋼絲繩一、起重吊裝用鋼絲繩的類型和選用序號(hào)鋼絲繩類型一般適宜選擇場(chǎng)合16×19﹢1用作纜風(fēng)繩、拉索（用于不受彎曲或可能磨損的地方）26×37﹢1用于滑車組中（用于繩子受彎曲時(shí)）36×61﹢1用于滑車組中和制作千斤繩（吊索）以及綁扎起吊重物二、鋼絲繩的受力及安全系數(shù)1、鋼絲繩的容許拉力T=P/KP---鋼絲繩的破斷拉力，即鋼絲破斷拉力總和乘以換算系數(shù)K----鋼絲繩的使用安全系數(shù)2、鋼絲繩的使用安全系數(shù)K應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：使用情況K值使用情況K值用于纜風(fēng)繩3.5用作吊索、無彎曲6-7用于手動(dòng)起重4.5用作綁扎的吊索8-10用于機(jī)械起重5-6用于載入的升降機(jī)14以上

3、鋼絲繩的破斷拉力為鋼絲破斷拉力的總合乘以換算系數(shù)K。當(dāng)鋼絲繩為6×19+1時(shí)，K=0.85;當(dāng)鋼絲繩為6×37+1時(shí)，K=0.82;當(dāng)鋼絲繩為6×61+1時(shí)，K=0.80;鋼絲繩的規(guī)格型號(hào)可參看現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)﹤鋼絲繩＞GB/T8918。破斷拉力應(yīng)按產(chǎn)品出廠合格證選用，否則只能按最低強(qiáng)度級(jí)選用破斷拉力。三、鋼絲繩的主要技術(shù)規(guī)格鋼絲繩（6×19＋1）主要技術(shù)參數(shù)直徑（mm）鋼絲總斷面積（mm2）百米參考重量（kg）鋼絲繩公稱抗拉強(qiáng)度（MPa）鋼絲繩鋼絲14001550170018502000鋼絲繩破斷拉力（kN）6.27.79.31112.51415.51718.52021.52324.526283134374043460.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.82.02.22.42.62.83.014.3222.3732.2243.8552.2772.4989.49108.28128.87151.24175.40201.35229.09258.63289.95357.96433.13515.46604.95701.60805.4113.5321.1430.4541.4454.1268.5084.57102.30121.80142.90165.80190.30216.50244.40274.00338.30409.30487.10571.70663.00761.1017.026.638.352.168.185.9106.3128.8153.0179.8208.7239.3272.4307.7344.7425.9515.1613.3719.5834.7956.318.829.442.457.775.495.2117.7142.4169.6198.9230.8265.2301.8340.6381.7471.3570.4671.1796.9922.31058.320.732.346.563.382.7104.6129.2156.4186.2218.5253.3290.7330.7373.6418.6517.2625.6744.6871.31011.51160.322.435.150.668.989.7113.9140.7170.0202.3237.6275.4316.2359.9406.3455.6562.7680.8810.4947.71100.71266.524.338.054.774.597.3122.8151.7184.0218.9256.7297.9342.1389.3439.4492.6608.2鋼絲繩（6×37＋1）主要技術(shù)參數(shù)直徑（mm）鋼絲總斷面積（mm2）百米參考重量（kg）鋼絲繩公稱抗拉強(qiáng)度（MPa）鋼絲繩鋼絲14001550170018502000鋼絲繩破斷拉力（kN）8.711.013.015.017.519.521.524.026.028.030.032.534.536.539.043.047.552.056.060.565.00.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.82.02.22.42.62.83.027.8843.5762.7485.39111.53141.16174.27210.87250.95294.52341.57392.11446.13503.64564.63697.08843.471003.801178.071366.281568.4326.2140.9658.9880.27104.8132.7163.8198.2235.9276.8321.1368.6419.4473.4530.8655.3792.9943.61107.41284.31474.332.049.972.098.0127.0162.0199.7241.9287.8337.8392.0450.0512.1578.1647.8799.9967.61152.11348.91566.21799.935.455.479.7108.2141.5179.2221.4267.7318.6374.3433.8498.2567.0642.0717.5685.61070.11275.11496.51734.31992.638.860.787.3118.9155.4196.46242.7293.6349.7410.4476.0546.5621.6701.9786.8971.71172.61398.11640.01902.42185.342.266.185.1129.2168.9214.0264.0319.8380.5446.5517.8594.5676.5763.8852.81053.71279.21521.11783.52070.52378.045.771.4102.5139.8182.8231.2285.7345.6411.2483.0560.0642.9731.4824.1922.51139.8

四、起重吊裝常用千斤繩（繩扣）1、插編的繩扣GB／T16271繩扣一般由插接而成，其插接長(zhǎng)度為20～30倍的鋼絲繩直徑，可按下表選用。繩扣插接長(zhǎng)度鋼絲繩直徑/mm繩扣插接長(zhǎng)度a/mm所需鋼絲繩長(zhǎng)度/m12300繩扣長(zhǎng)度L+2.016350繩扣長(zhǎng)度L+2.619400繩扣長(zhǎng)度L+3.222450繩扣長(zhǎng)度L+3.825500繩扣長(zhǎng)度L+4.530600～800繩扣長(zhǎng)度L+5.52、繩夾繩扣（GB／T

5976附錄）鋼絲繩繩夾安裝方式及要求鋼絲繩末端固定，一般用鋼絲繩繩夾將兩繩端并列壓緊，以箍卡的方式連接承受拉力。裝設(shè)繩夾應(yīng)符合下列要求：a固定鋼絲繩末端裝設(shè)繩夾的數(shù)量、間距按下表數(shù)值選用；繩夾的數(shù)量、間距鋼絲繩直徑/mm繩夾數(shù)量/個(gè)繩夾間距/mm鋼絲繩直徑/mm繩夾數(shù)量/個(gè)繩夾間距/mm681012141618202224223333444570801001001001201201201401502628323640444852566055678910111213170180200230260290310330350370b裝設(shè)繩夾時(shí)，須將U型螺栓圓環(huán)裝卡在繩端頭一側(cè)，如圖所示。下圖為裝有保安繩夾，便于及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)繩夾的松動(dòng)并自動(dòng)投入工作；

ab繩夾使用方法c各繩夾均應(yīng)擰緊至一定程度，以將鋼絲繩直徑壓扁1/3左右為宜；d嚴(yán)禁使用與鋼絲繩直徑不相匹配的繩夾。

五、繩扣的受力按下式計(jì)算：式中

Q—吊物重量；

—繩扣分支數(shù)；

—繩扣與水平面的夾角，一般應(yīng)控制在45o～60o之間，特殊情況下，不得小于30o。六、繩扣的選用根據(jù)吊物重量，可按下表選擇繩扣直徑。根據(jù)吊物重量選擇繩扣直徑吊物重量（t）繩扣分支數(shù)垂直夾角垂直夾角垂直夾角1246004503006004503006004503006×37＋1鋼絲繩直徑/mm12345678910111213141520253035404550607080901001519.524281517.519.521.5242613151517.519.519.521.521.524242626111519.521.52426281317.521.52426281519.52428131517.519.519.521.52424262628283034.51517.519.521.521.524262628283032.532.536.517.519.521.52426283032.532.534.536.536.53919.519.521.521.524263032.534.536.536.5434347.5525219.519.521.521.521.524263032.534.536.5394347.55219.521.521.5242424262832.534.539434347.552注：表中數(shù)據(jù)是根據(jù)6×37＋1鋼絲繩、公稱抗拉強(qiáng)度為1400MPa、安全系數(shù)K＝6進(jìn)行編制的。

七、舊鋼絲繩的折減使用和報(bào)廢1、根據(jù)舊鋼絲繩在一個(gè)節(jié)距內(nèi)斷絲數(shù)和表面磨損程度，其破斷拉力T＇按下式計(jì)算：T＇=K1K2T式中

T—新鋼絲繩的破斷拉力；K1—斷絲折減系數(shù)，K2—表面磨損時(shí)的修正系數(shù)，鋼絲繩斷絲的折減系數(shù)折減系數(shù)6×19＋16×37＋1捻繞方式交捻順捻交捻順捻0.950.900.830.800