Unit14期中語法復習講義牛津譯林版英語八年級上冊

8Aunit14涉及語法點：Unit1形容詞的比較級、最高級大部分形容詞都有三個等級：原級、比較級和最高級。比較級用于比較兩個人或事物，用于說明前者比后者“更······”；最高級用于三個或三個以上的人或事物進行比較時，說明在所有人或事物中某一個“最····..”。1）形容詞比較級、最高級的構成（1）規(guī)則變化類別變化規(guī)律例詞單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞一般情況在原級詞尾加er構成比較級，加est構成最高級。short→shorter→shortesttall→taller→tallest以e結尾的詞，直接加r或st。wide→wider→widestlarge→larger→largest重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個元音字母加一個輔音字母的詞，先雙寫這一輔音字母再加er或est。（以輔+元+輔結尾的）big→bigger→biggest①thin→thinner→thinnesthot→hotter→hottest以“輔音字母＋y”結尾，變y為i，再加er或est。happy→happier→happiestheavy→heavier→heaviest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在原級前加more構成比較級，加most構成最高級。beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautiful（2）不規(guī)則變化有一些詞的比較級、最高級變化是不規(guī)則的，需要特殊記憶。例如：原級比較級最高級good\wellbetterbestbad\badly\illworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestlittlelessleastmany\muchmoremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2)形容詞比較級和最高級的用法涉及考點：1）形容詞比較級的用法“形容詞比較級＋than”表示一方超過或低于另一方的情況。形容詞的比較級可用much，alot，far，alittle，abit，still，even等詞進行修飾。IgetupearlierthanTom.我比湯姆起得早。Iamgoodatmath，buthisEnglishis thanmine. （黃石中考）A.muchbetterB.morebetterC.verybetterD.prettybetter解析：much可修飾比較級，意為“······得多”，常見的修飾比較級的詞有much，alot，far，alittle，abit，still，even等。 答案：A“比較級＋and＋比較級”或“moreandmore＋原級（多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞）”意為“越來越····..”。Itisgettingcoolerandcooler.天氣變得越來越涼爽了?！皌he＋比較級，the＋比較級”意為“越······就越······”。Thebusierheis，thehappierhefeels.他越忙越感到高興。替代在比較級句式中，為了避免重復，經常用that（單數(shù)）或those（復數(shù)）代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofacat.兔子的耳朵比貓的耳朵長?！癆＋系動詞＋the＋比較級＋ofthetwo（＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)）”意為“A是兩者中比較······的”。Jimisthemoreoutgoingofthetwo.吉姆是這兩人中比較外向的。表示兩個人或事物作對比，并進行選擇時，常用句型為“Which／What／Who...＋比較級，AorB？”。WhoisbetteratChinese，BoborMike？鮑勃和麥克誰更擅長漢語？“否定詞＋比較級”結構表示最高級含義。 LiMingisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeenmorepopular.李明很高興，因為他工廠里生產的衣服從沒像現(xiàn)在這么受歡迎。比較級+than+anyother+名詞單數(shù)形式ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.（上海在中國這個范圍內，所以用anyother）ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJiangsu.（上海不在江蘇，所以只需用any）比較級+than+theother+名詞復數(shù)形式以下三句表達的是同一個意思。Danielisthemosthardworkingstudentinourclass.Danielismorehardworkingthananyotherstudentinourclass.Danielismorehardworkingthantheotherstudentsinourclass.HowdoyoulikethesongChengdusungbyZhaoLei？Oh,Ihaveneverenjoyeda onebefore.A.worstB.bestC.worseD.better解析：句意為：“你覺得趙雷唱的《成都》怎么樣？”“哦，我從來沒有聽過比這更好聽的歌曲?！北容^級與否定詞連用表示最高級的含義。答案：D2）形容詞最高級的用法“the＋形容詞最高級＋表示比較范圍的短語或從句”意為“是······中最······的”。Lilyistheoldestofthesechildren.莉莉是這些孩子中年齡最大的。Sheistheyoungestinherclass.她在班里年齡最小。oneofthe+adj最高級+名詞復數(shù)+謂語動詞單數(shù)表示“最….之一的”the+序數(shù)詞+adj最高級+名詞.有Ihavewatched.“我見過的”這樣的標志用最高級It’s______________(interest)filmthatIhavewatched..Unit2副詞的比較級、最高級涉及考點：1）表示數(shù)量的詞的比較級和最高級more．．．than．．．意為“······比······多”，more是many和much的比較級，后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。 Therearemoretreesinmycitythaninyours.我們的城市里的樹比你們城市里的多。fewer／less．．．than．．．意為“······比······少”，fewer后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，less后接不可數(shù)名詞。Davidisagoodboy.Healwaysmakesfewermistakesthanothers.戴維是個好孩子。他總是比別人少犯錯誤。Shespendslessmoneyonclothesthanyou.她在衣服上花的錢比你少。themost意為“最多”，后面既可接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞。thefewest／least意為“最少”，前者修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，后者修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few—fewer—fewest(后面加可數(shù)名詞復數(shù))little—less—least(后加不可數(shù)名詞)Thereare________boysthangirlsinourclass.(few)Weneed__________(little)moneyand________(few)peopletodothework.Ihave___________(little)freetimethanJohn.Ofallthegirls,shemakes________(few)mistakes.much/many—more—most________

peoplecametothemeetingthanlasttime.(many)few表“沒幾個”，否定,little表示”沒有多少”，否定()TheMathsproblemissodifficultthat_________studentscanworkitout.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle關于數(shù)量的固定搭配atleast(至少)atmost(至多)moreorless（差不多）Thereare500booksat________(little)2）副詞的比較級和最高級的構成副詞的比較級和最高級的規(guī)則構成變化同形容詞一樣。而不規(guī)則的，需要特殊記憶。3）副詞比較級的用法 副詞比較級的用法與形容詞比較級的用法相似，常用“比較級＋than” 結構表示相比較的兩者的差別。②副詞比較級前可加much，alot，far，even，alittle等修飾成分來表示程度或加強語氣。Hewokeearlierthanusual.他比以往醒得早。3）副詞最高級的用法副詞的最高級通常用于一定的比較范圍，后跟ofall...，of...，in..，among..等短語。Ofallthesubjects，IlikeEnglish（the）best.所有課程中，我最喜歡英語。小試牛刀形容詞比較級和最高級。(1).The__________(many)treesyouplant,the__________(beautiful)ourcountrywillbe.(2).Thisoneisexpensive,I’dlikea___________(cheap)one.(3).Heis____________(tired)thanyesterday.(4).Heis_____________(thin)ofall.(5).LiLeiisa____________boyinourclass.(tall)LiLeiis__________thananyotherboyinourclass.(tall)LiLeiis___________thantheotherboysinourclass.(tall)LiLeiis___________boyinourclass.(tall)(6).TheYellowRiveristhesecond___________(long)riverinChina.(7).Hismoneyis___________thanmine.(少)Hemade___________mistakesthanbefore.(少)(8).The____________(happy)ofthetwoismygoodfriend.(9).TheweatherinJianhuiscold.TheweatherinBeijingiscolder.TheweatherinJianhuis_________than________inBeijing.(10).Ofthethreesubjects,Englishisthemostinteresting.==Englishismoreinterestingthanthe________________subjects.單項選擇：()1.HowlongwillPhilipstayhere?Two________weekstillheleaves.A.manyB.muchC.moreD.most()2.Whichofthoseradiossounds________?Thesmallestone.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best()3.OfthetwoTshirts,I’dchoosethe___onetosavesomemoneyforabook.A.cheapestB.cheaperC.moreexpensiveD.mostexpensive()4.Simon’sideais________Sandy’s.Theydon’tagreewitheachother.A.thesameasB.similartoC.asgoodasD.differentfrom()5.I’mmuch______thanmytwofriends,butIjump________ofusthree.A.taller;higherB.shorter;higherC.taller;highestD.shorter;highest()6.WasHenrylatefortheconcertyesterday?No.Hegotthereeventenminutes______thanustwo.A.earlierB.earliestC.laterD.latest()7.IsLinda’shome________awayfromschoolthanMillie’s?Yes,itis.LindalivestwomilesawaybutMillielivesnearby.A.fartherB.farthestC.furtherD.furthest()8.Lilyis________hardworkingthananyotherstudentinherclass.A.muchB.moreC.mostD.themost()9.I’mhisbestfriend.IknowhimwellProbably_________thananyoneelse.A.lessB.widerC.betterD.deeper()10.MarkspeaksEnglishwell,butyou________him.A.speakasbadlyasB.speakworsethanC.don’tspeaksobadlyasD.speakmuchbetterthan()11.MrsKingkeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch_______shewasgetting.B.heavierC.theheavierD.theheaviest()12.Peterdrives____Amy,soitwilltakePeter____timetogettothehotel.fasterthan;lessB.moreslowlythan;lessC.asfastas;moreD.asslowlyas;more()13.ThismorningJackcametoschool____than______studentinhisclass.late;anyB.muchlate;anyotherC.muchlater;anyD.muchlater;anyother()14.Danielisacarefuldriver,buthedrives________ofmyfriends.A.morecarefullyB.themostcarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.theleastcarefully()15.Whenanearthquakehappens,andyouareoutdoors,youshouldkeepcalmandgotoanopenareaas_______aspossible.A.slowlyB.quietlyC.widelyD.quickly()16.Haven'tseenyouforages!Youarenowmuch________thanI.B.tallerC.tallest()17.Howareyoutoday,Bob?I'meven______now.Idon'tthinkthemedicineisgoodforme.A.betterB.worseC.happierD.unluckier()18.Helenlearnstodancethreetimesaweek.Nowshedances___Anitadoes.A.sogoodasB.aswellasC.asgoodasD.sowellasUnit3原級（as...as)、反身代詞涉及考點：1）as…..as與….一樣A+beas+adj.原形+asB“A與B一樣。。?！盇+V+as+adv.原形+asB“A與B一樣。。。”Thisradioisas______________

asthatone.(cheap)A+be+notas/so+adj.原形+as“A不如B。。。”A+助動詞否定+V（原型）+as/so+adv.原形+as“A不如B。。?！?)Ican’tdothejob_______you.A.sobadasB.asbadlyasC.asworseasD.soworstas()inthesportsmeeting,Amyran______________.A.asfasterasshecan B.assoonasshecould C.asfastasshecouldD.assoonasshecanso+原形()Studentsareverybusybecausetheyhaveso_______bookstoreadandso_______homeworktodoeveryday.A.many,manyB.much,muchC.many,muchD.much,many2）反身代詞反身代詞單數(shù)復數(shù)第一人稱：myselfourselves第二人稱：yourselfyourselves第三人稱：himself/herself/itselfthemselves常和反身代詞連用的動詞短語：enjoyoneself過得開心，玩得愉快lookafteroneself=takecareofoneself照顧自己hurtoneself傷到某人自己helponeselfto…請隨便吃…washoneself洗澡make…byoneself自己做,獨立完成dressoneself穿衣buy…foroneself/buyoneselfsth給自己買東西lookatoneselfinthemirror照鏡子saytooneself自言自語teachoneself=learn…byoneself自學hideoneself隱藏某人自己etooneself蘇醒makeyourselfathome別拘束leavesbbyoneself把某人單獨留下loseoneself迷失方向，迷路foroneself（用作副詞）(1)為了自己例如：Shekeptthebiggestpieceofpieforherself.她把最大的一塊餡餅給了自己。(2)親自，獨自，獨立（做……），相當于withoutbeinghelped，與byoneself同義。例如：Youshouldworkouttheproblemforyourself.你應該獨立解決這個問題。byoneself（用作副詞）(1)獨自一人(=alone)例如：Sheusedtositbyherselfandread.她從前常常獨自坐著看書。(2)獨立地，單獨地=withouthelp，與foroneself同義。例如：Hefinisheditbyhimself.他獨立完成那件事。注意：★反身代詞和它所指代的對象在人稱、性別、數(shù)上必須保持一致。★反身代詞在句中不能單獨作主語或賓語，但是它可以作主語或賓語的同位語，放在主語或賓語后或句末。如：Thestoryitselfisveryinteresting.這個故事本身很有趣。（誤）Myselfdrovethecar.（正）Imyselfdrovethecar.我自己開車。★反身代詞可以作表語。如：I'mnotquitemyselftoday.我今天情緒不好。小試牛刀詞匯填空1.Tom,you’dbetterasktheteacher__________.2.Thequestioniseasy,andIcanworkitout_________.3.Herparentsteach___________Japaneseeveryday.4.Theboydidn’thurt________.5.Didtheyenjoy__________yesterday?6.Weareoldenoughtolookafter_______.7.Ibought________aCDasmybirthdaypresentyesterday.8.TheClass1,Grade8studentsenjoyed_________intheschooltrip.9.Thegirlislucky.Shedidn'thurt___________10.—Help________tosomejuice,boysandgirls.—Thanks.單項選擇()—You’dbetterkeepthesecretto_________,MillieandLily.—OK,Amy.Canyoukeepitfor_________?A.yourself;youB.myself;yourselfC.yourselves;usD.you;ourselvesUnit4建議句型涉及考點：“521”原則【考點聚焦】主語+hadbetter(not)dosth..該句型用于表示對下級、晚輩的勸告,往往帶有命令、強制的語氣,意為“某人最好（不要）做某事”。eg:You'dbettertakeanumbrellawithyoutoday.今天你最好帶把傘在身邊。You'dbetternottellher.你最好不要告訴她。Youshould(not)do...,意為“你（不）應該做……”。should的語氣比hadbetter要委婉。eg:Youshouldpleteyourtestintime.你們應該及時完成你們的試驗。Youshouldnotplaywiththeknifeinclass.你不應該在課堂上玩小刀?！局R拓展】初中英語中提建議的句型有很多,在不同的場合使用不同的句型表達會有不同的效果。Whydon'tyou/wedosth.？表示向對方提出一種建議或詢問某種原因,暗含有責備對方的意思,意為“為什么不……？”。What/Howabout(doing)sth.?如果是在討論式的談話中,可用該句型提出一個建議或引出一個新話題。Wouldyoulike／love(todo)sth.?這是一個很委婉的表示建議的句型,并帶有與對方商量的意味,意為“你想要（做）……嗎？”。ShallI／wedosth.？此句型是用來提建議或征求對方意見的,意為“我（們）做……好嗎？”,語氣委婉,商量的語氣較濃。Let'sdosth.當你覺得可以直截了當?shù)叵驅Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh,讓對方和自己一起去做某事時,常用該句型,意為“咱們做……吧?！痹摼湫秃蟪＜痈郊訂柧洹皊hallwe?”,使語氣更加委婉。小試牛刀單項選擇()1.You______yourcoffeebeforeitturnscold.A.shoulddrinkB.shoulddrinks C.shoulddrinkingD.shouldtodrink()2.Theclothes________inthewardrobe(衣柜).Putthemonthebed.A.shouldputB.shouldnotbeputC.shouldbenotputted D.shouldputted()3.—Mum,canIdothehomeworktomorrow?—You_______finishittoday.A.hadbetterB.hadrather C.hadbetterdon’t D.hadrathernot()4.Hisunclebeverypoor,butnowhehasbeenveryrich.A.usedtoB.hastoC.hadbetter D.hadto()5.—WhataboutgoingtoseeTheRedSorghumtonight?—________Tobehonest,I'mveryinterestedinMoYan'sworks.A.Sowhat?B.Forgetit!C.Notreally.D.That'sgreat!()6.—Ican’trememberthewords