2023年中考英語復習名詞課件

開學第一講課標語法項目及要求語言知識運用(2020年~2022年)語法選擇完形填空短文填空1.名詞(1)可數(shù)名詞及其單、復數(shù)(2)不可數(shù)名詞(3)專有名詞

(4)名詞所有格2022年(1分)2021年(1分)2022年(2分)2021年(3分)2020年(3分)2022年(3分)2021年(1.5分)2020年(3分)考點2020年~2022年廣東省卷中考(語言知識運用)語法選擇完形填空短文填空1.可數(shù)名詞及其單復數(shù)2021:1分(birds)/2022:1.5分(yes)2021:1.5分(letters)2020:1.5分(idea)2.不可數(shù)名詞//2022:1.5分(water)2020:1.5分(money)3.名詞所有格2022:1分(teacher’s)//4.名詞辨析/2022:2分(vegetables,family)2021:3分(advantage,space,reply)2020:3分(look,change,decision)/名詞定義-世界萬物的名稱名詞是表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念名稱的詞。從名詞所表示的事物的性質(zhì)看,可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩類?？蓴?shù)名詞有復數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復數(shù)形式。從名詞的類別看,個體名詞和集體名詞是可數(shù)名詞,物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式一般可以用不定冠詞(a,an)修飾;不可數(shù)名詞一般不能用不定冠詞(a,an)修飾。專有名詞人名Mike、Jane地名Shanghai、London、TheGreatWall國名China、India、America、England、France語言Chinese、Indian、American、English、French星期月份節(jié)日Monday、WednesdayJanuary、FebruarytheSpringFestival、Mid-autumn~機構(gòu)山川河江海WTO、UN、UNCFMountHuang可數(shù)名詞及其單復數(shù)(2021語法選擇考)1.概念:一般來說,可以用數(shù)目來計算的事物或人的名詞,稱為可數(shù)名詞。2.可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞1.概念:物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞無法用數(shù)目來計算,稱為不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞通常無復數(shù)形式。2.在沒有量詞的情況下,不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a,an這兩個不定冠詞。特別advice,confidence,time,money,news,housework,homework,knowledge,music,help,information,trouble,fun,success,surprise,progress,pity,pleasure,treasure,shame3.常見的不可數(shù)名詞:類別例子飲食milk,water,tea,wine,food,beef,rice,bread,salt,corn,soup,oil,meat,pork,wheat,juice,coffee,beer,cheese,butter材料wood,gold,glass,silk,plastic,cotton,wool,metal自然earth,light,rain,wind,ice,grass,weather,snow,fire,universe,sunshine名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)paper報紙,試卷,論文紙張chicken小雞雞肉weight砝碼,秤砣體重fish魚魚肉orange橘子橙色,橙汁exercise練習鍛煉room房間空間experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗4.某些名詞表示物質(zhì)或抽象概念時是不可數(shù)的,而在表示個體概念時是可數(shù)的。如:5.不可數(shù)名詞的量不可數(shù)名詞要表示“一件”“一個”等量的概念時,要用“數(shù)詞+表示量的名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”來表示。如:a

piece

of

paper一張紙

two

pieces

of

paper

兩張紙

a

cup

of

tea

一杯茶

five

cups

of

tea

五杯茶

a

bottle

of

juice

一瓶果汁

four

bottles

of

juice

四瓶果汁

(

)1.(2018廣東,單項填空)Thethree

upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough

foradoublebed.

A.room;room

B.room;rooms

C.rooms;room

D.rooms;rooms2.(2022廣東,短文填空)Atthattime,peoplemadeteainasimplewayjustputfreshtealeavesintohot71.

.

water

C可數(shù)名詞規(guī)則讀音例子1.一般情況下,直接在名詞后加-s在清輔音后讀/s/book→books,tip→tips在濁輔音以及元音后讀/z/car→cars,pig→pigs,tree→trees在t后,一起讀/ts/coat→coats,student→students在d后,一起讀/dz/word→words,hand→hands2.以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es發(fā)音為/?z/glass→glasses,box→boxes,brush→brushes,watch→watches3.以f(e)結(jié)尾的詞,變f(e)為v,再加-es發(fā)音為/vz/leaf→leaves,knife→knives,shelf→shelves,life→lives4.以y結(jié)尾的名詞以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i,再加-es一般ies讀/?z/baby→babies,city→cities以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加-s發(fā)音為/z/toy→toys,boy→boys,day→days5.以o結(jié)尾的名詞以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的本族詞,加-es發(fā)音為/z/hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes以“元音字母+o”結(jié)尾或以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的外來詞、縮寫詞等,加-s發(fā)音為/z/photo→photos,piano→pianos

3.可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則例子1.改變名詞中的元音字母或其他變化形式man→,foot→,tooth→2.單復數(shù)形式相同sheep,deer,fish,Chinese3.只能用復數(shù)形式,與謂語動詞的復數(shù)形式連用trousers,clothes,glasses,sunglassesmenfeetteeth規(guī)則例子4.形式上為復數(shù),但意義為單數(shù),與謂語動詞的單數(shù)形式連用news,maths5.一些集體名詞形式上為單數(shù),意義上為復數(shù)people,

police,

cattle(家畜),

staff(工作人員)6.集體名詞表示由若干個體組成的集合體。集體名詞作主語,如視為整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù);如視為個體成員,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。family,class,team,group,armyOur

team

needs

money

to

play

in

another

city.我們隊需要錢去另一個城市比賽。My

family

are

very

well.我的家人都很好。7.復數(shù)形式表示特殊含義times(時代),

drinks(飲料),manners(禮貌),

looks(外表),brains(頭腦,智力),

greens(青菜)8.表示“某國人”變復數(shù)口訣:中日不變英法變,其余s加后面中日不變:Chinese→Chinese,

Japanese→Japanese英法變:Englishman→Englishmen,

Frenchman→Frenchmen;其余s加后面:American→Americans,

German→Germans9.由兩個名詞組成的復合名詞變復數(shù)時,常將最后一個名詞變復數(shù)。但如果第一個名詞是man或woman時,兩個名詞都要變復數(shù)。twogirlstudents

fiveappletreestenwomenteachers

threemennurses(

)1.(2021廣東,語法選擇)Peoplecouldenjoythescenery(風景)andwatch

36

there.

A.bird B.birds C.bird’s D.birds’(

)2.(2020廣州,語法選擇)Thebandittakesonebookandshouts,“NexttimeIwant

9

!”

A.somemoney

B.anymoney

C.somemoneys

D.anymoneysAB3.(2021廣東,短文填空)LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven73.

tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

letters

名詞所有格用法例子1.名詞所有格形式的構(gòu)成(1)單數(shù)名詞后加’s,其讀音與名詞復數(shù)結(jié)尾的讀音相同the

girl’s

father女孩的父親(2)以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞后加’two

hours’

walk兩個小時的步行(3)不以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞后加’sWomen’s

Day婦女節(jié)用法例子2.表示有生命名詞的所有格,單數(shù)形式是加’s,復數(shù)形式加’(s)students’

rooms

學生的房間father’s

shoes

父親的鞋3.表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格等名詞的所有格用’s或s’one

hour’s

walk一小時的步行ten

miles’

journey十英里的旅程two

pounds’

weight兩磅的重量4.無生命名詞的所有格則用of結(jié)構(gòu)a

map

of

China

一張中國地圖the

end

of

this

term這學期末5.表示共同所有的名詞,只需在最后一個名詞后加’sTom

and

Mike’s

room湯姆和邁克共有的一間房6.表示分別所有的名詞,需在每個名詞后都加’sMary’s

and

Jenny’s

bikes瑪麗和詹妮各自的自行車7.雙重所有格a

friend

of

my

mother’s我媽媽的一個朋友a

picture

of

Tom’s湯姆的一張圖片8.表示商鋪、某人的家、診所或餐館等時,名詞所有格后的名詞可以省略at

my

uncle’s在我叔叔的家里at

the

doctor’s在醫(yī)生的診所里9.可用’s或of短語表示的名詞所有格the

boy’s

name=the

name

of

the

boy男孩的名字the

dog’s

legs=the

legs

of

the

dog狗的腿China’s

population=the

population

of

China中國的人口China’s

capital=the

capital

of

China中國的首都(

)1.(2022廣東,語法選擇)Atschool,shewashermusic

33

favoritestudent.

A.teacher

B.teachers

C.teacher’sC1.cloth,

clothes,

clothing與dress辨析(1)cloth作不可數(shù)名詞,指“布,布料”;作可數(shù)名詞,指“(一塊)布,抹布,桌布”。(2)clothes指具體的衣服,包括內(nèi)衣、外衣,不能與數(shù)詞連用。(3)clothing是服裝的總稱,不僅包括內(nèi)衣、外衣,還包括帽

子、鞋襪、手套之類,無復數(shù)。(4)dress作不可數(shù)名詞時,指外衣,尤指社交場合穿的服裝。作可數(shù)名詞時,常指連衣裙。名詞辨析練習①adish___________

②Iwanttobuysports___________.③Nowpeopleareallintheirwinter___________. ④Sheworeablue___________lastnight.cloth

clothes

clothing

dress

2.dinner與meal辨析(1)dinner是指“正餐(午飯或晚飯)”或“宴會”。(2)meal是指“一餐(一頓飯)”。練習①Let’sgoandhave___________together.

②Whattimedoyouusuallyhaveyour___________?dinnermeals

3.sound,

voice與noise辨析(1)sound“聲音”,指耳朵能聽到的各種聲音,多作可數(shù)名詞。(2)voice“聲音”,主要指人的聲音。(3)noise指“噪音”,可以作可數(shù)名詞,也可作不可數(shù)名詞,詞組有makeanoise等。練習①Iheardthe___________ofthegunfire!②Theteachersaidinaloud___________,“Pleasekeepsilent!”③Buteverynightheheardthe___________upstairs.soundvoice

noise

4.job與work辨析“工作,勞動”,但job是可數(shù)名詞,work是不可數(shù)名詞。練習①Shegota___________ofwashingclothes.

②Ittakesalotof___________tobuildabuilding.job

work

5.person,

people與man辨析這三個詞有共同之處,都有“人”的意思,但也有不同之處。(1)person指“人(男人或女人)”,有單數(shù)形式,也有復數(shù)形式。(2)people是復數(shù)形式,指“人民;人們”,不能指一個人。(3)man專指“男人”,也指“人類,(特定歷史時期的)人”(不用復數(shù)形式,不加冠詞)。練習①Two_____________________arewaitingforyou. ②Helivedforthe___________anddiedforthepeople.③Thedamagecausedby___________totheenvironmentismoreandmoreserious.persons/men/people

people

man

6.problem與question辨析“問題”,都是可數(shù)名詞,但它們所含的意思并不相同。(1)question一般是指等待回答的“問題;提問”。(2)problem一般是指等待解決(solve)或決定(decide)的“問題;難題”。練習①MayIasksome___________?

②That’sno___________.Icanlendyoumymoney.questions

problem

7.floor與ground辨析兩者都有“地面、地上”的含義。其區(qū)別:floor一般指室內(nèi)的地上、地板、地面。而ground常指室外的地面,也可泛指地球表面。練習①Hewassittingonthe___________whenIcamein.②The___________iswetnow.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.floor

ground

8.road,

way與street辨析(1)road“公路;馬路”,指兩側(cè)之間可以通行人或車輛的大道。

“在馬路上”一般用ontheroad?！按┻^馬路”用crosstheroad(或goacrosstheroad)。(2)way“路線;路途;方法”等,統(tǒng)指從一地到另一地的路途。常用固定詞組有inthisway(用這種方式),onthewayto(在去……的路上),getinthewayof(擋道)等。(3)street“街道”,其兩邊有建筑物。“在街上”一般用inthestreet?！按┻^街道,走到街道的另一頭”一般用gothroughthestreet。練習①Excuseme,canyoutellmethe___________tothepostoffice?②Whenhewenthome,hesawanoldwomanlyinginthe___________.③The___________inthisvillageiswiderthanbefore.way

street

road

9.family與home辨析(1)family“家;家庭”,也可指全體家庭成員。(2)home“家”,帶有眷戀等感情色彩。練習①Tomhasabig_______________.Therearesixpeopleinhis___________.②ShehasbeeninShenzhenfor10years.Shenzhenhasbecomehersecond___________.family

homefamily

10.idea,

advice與suggestion辨析(1)idea“主意”,是可數(shù)名詞,如:agoodidea一個好主意。(2)advice“建議,忠告”,是不可數(shù)名詞,如:apieceofadvice一個忠告;一個建議。(3)suggestion“建議”,是可數(shù)名詞,如:twosuggestions兩條建議。練習①Canyougivemesome___________________onhowtolearnEnglishwell?②Hehasgotagood___________todealwithhisoldbooks.③Mr.Gaoissokindtogiveusseveral

.

idea

suggestionsadvice/suggestions

C一、語法點單句特訓(

)1.(2022·云南中考)MissLihaslotsofteaching

.Shehasherownwaystomakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.

A.exercise

B.excitement

C.experience

D.environment綜合訓練(

)2.(2022·新疆中考)—Ifindtherearemoreandmoreoverweightchildreninourschool.—Exactly,soweshouldhavegoodeating

.

A.tasks

B.choices

C.grades

D.habits(

)3.(2022·甘肅武威中考)The

rangandPatansweredit.ItwashissoncallingfromNewYork.

A.telephone

B.doorbell

C.clock

D.bikeAD(

)4.(2022·云南昆明中考)—DoyouknowMarch21stisWorldSleepDay?Sleepisimportanttous.—Yes.Agoodsleepgivesus

andmakesushappy.

A.truth

B.fame

C.energy

D.culture(

)5.(2022·浙江溫州中考)—Jack,Ihavenoideaforthereport.—Meneither.Whydon’tweasktheteacherfor

?

A.help

B.jokes

C.food

D.ticketsAC(

)6.(2022·江蘇宿遷中考)Mygrandmaisgoodatpaper-cutting.Shecancutoutpicturesinthe

ofcartooncharacters.

A.ability

B.weight

C.shape

D.quality(

)7.(2022·重慶中考)Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingon

Day,June1st.

A.Child

B.Child’s

C.Children

D.Children’sDC(

)8.(2022·黑龍江綏化中考)Withtheintroductionofthe“doublereduction”policy(雙減政策),oneofthe

thatthestudentshavelesshomework.

A.changes;is

B.change;is

C.changes;are(

)9.(2022·黑龍江綏化中考)

fatherisapilot.Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundtheworld.

A.TonyandPeter’s

B.Tony’sandPeter

C.Tony’sandPeter’sAA(

)10.(2021·西藏中考)All

receivedfreshflowersonWomen’sDay.

A.womanteacher

B.womanteachers

C.womenteachers

D.womenteacherC1.詞匯復現(xiàn)法

(含同根詞)(2020廣東)Asyearswentby,Mr.Smithwasboredofhislook…Inthenextfewweeks,Mr.Smith’sinterestinhis

46

keptgrowing.Heboughtneweyes,newhandsandnewfeet.

A.shape

B.age

C.life

D.look(由上文的“史密斯先生厭倦了他的外表”以及下文“他買了新的眼睛、手和腳”,可知史密斯先生對他的“外表”的興趣持續(xù)增長。為上文“l(fā)ook”的原詞復現(xiàn),故選D。)名詞的考法二、小語篇特訓(一)語法選擇Chinesepeopleindifferentareascelebratedthe

1

inanumberofdifferent

2

.Aflag-raisingceremonywasheldinHongKongandMacao.AdragonboatracewasheldinGuangxi.AlightshowwasheldinQingdaoandNewYork.AllChinesepeoplecelebratedtheNationalDaytoexpresstheir

3

forthemotherland.

(

)1.A.nationalDay B.nationalday C.NationalDay(

)2.A.way B.ways C.way’s(

)3.A.love B.lovely C.lovingABC2.語境推斷法和詞匯的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文的語境提示或暗示來推敲答案,切勿以自己的主觀判斷脫離文章進行選擇。如:①(2022廣東)Onthetableshelaysoutsome

41

inseason,suchascarrotsandtomatoes.

A.fruits

B.flowers

C.leaves

D.vegetables(下文提到的carrots和tomatoes都屬于蔬菜,

選D。)(二)完形填空InParisduringthesummerof1840,ImetastrangeandinterestingyoungmannamedAugustDupin.Dupinwasthelastmemberofafamilywhichoncehadgreat

4

.Buthehimselfwasfarfromrich.

Wefirstmetinanoldbookshop.Afewmoremeetingsbyaccidentatsuch

5

followed.Soon,webegantotalk.Iwassurprisedathowwidelyhehadread.Heseemedtohaveagreat

6

abouteverything.Ifeltthatthe

7

ofsuchamanwouldbe,forme,richeswithoutprice.

IsoonnoticedthatDupinhadanamazingwayofunderstandingpeople.Usingitgavehimgreat

8

.Hetoldmeonce,withasoftlaugh,thathecouldseethroughthewindowswhatmostmenhadovertheirhearts.

(

)4.A.weight

B.wealth

C.health

D.victory(

)5.A.books

B.roads

C.shops

D.homes(

)6.A.feelingsB.thought

C.knowledgeD.opinions(

)7.A.work

B.money

C.serviceD.friendship(

)8.A.luck

B.trouble

C.pleasure

D.praiseCDCCB1.熟記哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。2.熟記后加名詞單數(shù)的標志詞(a,an,

one,

either,

each,

every,

this,

that等)。3.聯(lián)系上下文,找到填名詞復數(shù)的根據(jù)。①(2021廣東)LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven

73

tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

(下文the

letters,

說明上文提到letters,填letters。)(三)短文填空MumandIwerejustgoingoutwhenitbegantorain.Wehadtostayat9.

,andIfeltquitebored.Mumgotan10.

.Shesuggestedteachingmetomakedumplings.Ithoughtitcouldbefun,soIsaidOK.Mumcutthemeatandcabbagesintosmallpiecesquickly.Thensheshowedmehowtomixthemwithsaltandoil.“Mixingisthemostimportantofallthesteps,”Withher11.

,everythingwasready.Dadcamebackhomefromhisoffice.

help

idea

home

Togetherthethreeofuswrapped(包)the12.

.Atlast,wecookedandatethem.TheyweresodeliciousthatIatemorethantwenty.ThatwasthefirsttimeIlearnttomakedumplings.Itwasenjoyable!

dumplings

一、語法選擇(2022·佛山順德區(qū)中考二模改編)Oneday,DavidandSharondecidedtogoforawalkinthesnow.“OhDavid,lookatthatwonderfulviewofourgarden!We’resoluckytoliveinsuch

1

beautifulplace,aren’twe?”shoutedSharon.

“Yes,Ithinkso,butitcouldbeeven

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,”answeredDavid.“Whatdoyoumean?”askedSharon.

“Well,lookatthoselittlebirds.I’mnotsosure

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ornottheylikethetreesinsnow.Thepoorlittlethingscan’tfindanythingtoeat.We

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theviewnow,butthebirdsaresocoldandhungry!”saidDavid.

“Iunderstand!You’reright,David.Weshoulddosomething

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thosehungrybirds,”saidSharon.Afterawhile,Davidsaid,“Whydon’twemake

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deliciousbirdfoodandputitoutsidesothatthebirdscanenjoyit?”

Bothofthemgotbusyinthekitchenmakingfood

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thebirds.Thefoodwasgoodenoughtokeepthebirdsgoingwhentheground

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insnowandtheycouldn’tfindanyfood.Sureenough,thebirdscameflyingtothe

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home-madehouse,whichtheyhungfromthetreesinDavid’sgarden.

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warmwinterforthebirds!Allwinterlong,thebirdswerewell-fedandeveryonewashappyagain.

(

)1.A.a

B.an

C.the

(

)2.A.good

B.better

C.best

(

)3.A.why

B.how

C.whether

(

)4.A.enjoyed

B.areenjoyingC.willenjoy

(

)5.A.help

B.tohelp

C.helping

(

)6.A.many

B.any

C.some

(

)7.A.to

B.with

C.for(

)8.A.iscovered

B.iscovering

C.wascovered

(

)9.A.child

B.children

C.children’s

(

)10.A.How

B.Whata

C.WhatanBCCCCBBCBA二、完形填空(2022·安徽中考改編)Yourbraindoesn’thavetodoanythingextra(額外的)totellthetruth.Youthinkofwhatyouwanttosay,andyousayit.Butlying

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muchmorework.

Here’san

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ofwhatgoesintoasimplelie.Imagineyou’relateforclassandtheteacheraskswhyandyoudecidetolie.Younowhavetoeithercameupwitha

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orrememberthestoryyou

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asyouwererushingtoclass.Soyousay,“Ihadtostopbythe

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andborrowedabook.”Yourteacherasks,“ThebookIrecommended(推薦)lastperiod?”

Youmustdecidehowtoanswer

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.Ifyousayyes,theteachermightaskyoutoshowherthebook.Orshemight

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youtoreaditinclass.Ifyousayitisa

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book,shemightaskwhichbookyou’vecheckedout.Soyouhavetobereadywiththe

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ofanotherbookandmakesureit’sabooktheschoollibraryowns.

Yougiveyour

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atonofextrawork!Whynotjusttellthetruth?It’smucheasier.

(

)11.A.refuses

B.avoids

C.takes

D.fixes(

)12.A.example

B.ability

C.intervie