譯林版英語(yǔ)必修二新素養(yǎng)講義Unit3AmazingpeopleSectionⅢWordpowerTaskProjectWord版含答案

SectionⅢWordpower,Task&Projecteq\a\vs4\al([基礎(chǔ)詞匯])1．signaln． 信號(hào)vi.&vt. 發(fā)信號(hào)；表明2．widespreadadj. 廣泛的，普遍的3．outgoingadj. 愛(ài)交際的；友好的；外向的4．desiren. 愿望，欲望，渴望vt. 渴望，期望5．a(chǎn)pplyvi. 申請(qǐng)vt. 使用，應(yīng)用6．candidaten. 候選人；申請(qǐng)人7．superiorn. 上級(jí)，上司adj. 更好的，更高的8．qualityn. 品質(zhì)；質(zhì)量9．optimisticadj. 樂(lè)觀的，抱樂(lè)觀看法的eq\a\vs4\al([拓展詞匯])10．warningn.警告→warnvt.警告vi.發(fā)出警告11．requirementn.要求，規(guī)定→requirev．要求；命令；規(guī)定12．inspirevt.啟迪，賦予靈感；激勵(lì)，鼓舞→inspiringadj.令人振奮的；鼓舞人心的→inspirationn．靈感13．nationalityn.國(guó)籍→nationn．國(guó)家；民族→nationaladj.民族的；國(guó)家的14．panionn.伴侶；陪伴→panyn．公司；陪伴v．陪伴15．discouragevt.使灰心；勸阻→discouragedadj.泄氣的→discouragingadj.令人氣餒的→discouragementn．挫折16．devotionn.奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)；專心→devotevt.致力于；奉獻(xiàn)給17．organizationn.組織；機(jī)構(gòu)→organizev．組織；安排；籌辦18．survivaln.幸存，存活→survivevt.幸免于難；存活；比……活得長(zhǎng)vi.活著；繼續(xù)存在1．be__in__control__(of__something) 掌管，控制(某物)2．look__up__to 敬佩3．a(chǎn)t__full__speed 全速地4．e__into__widespread__use 廣泛使用5．regard...as... 把……看作……6．inspire__sb.to__do... 鼓舞某人做……7．show__devotion__to... 向……表示忠誠(chéng)8．make__the__dream__a__reality＝live__one’s__dream 使夢(mèng)想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)； 實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想9．be__proud__of... 以……為驕傲Readthetextcarefullyandthenchoosethebestanswer.1．Thesentence“Hehadworkedtowardsthisachievementformanyyears”inthefirstparagraphisused________inthispassage.A．totellusabouthishardworkasanastronautB．togeneralizethemainideaofthefirstparagraphC．a(chǎn)sanintroductionsentencetothefollowingparagraphsD．a(chǎn)sasuggestionthathardworkleadstosuccess2．ThemainideaofPara.3is________．A．YangLiweijoinedthearmyB．YangLiweibeganhistrainingasaChineseastronautC．YangLiweigraduatedandbecameapilotD．YangLiweiwasamongthebestineverytest3．WhatdoYangLiwei’ssuperiorsthinkofhim?A．Cleverandbrave.B．Braveandoptimistic.C．Hard－workingandself－controlled.D．Fullofenergyandoptimistic.4．Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto________．A．tellustheexperiencesasanastronautB．giveusanotherexampleofanastronautC．teachushowtobeanastronautD．showushowYangLiweiachievedsuccess答案：1－4.CBCDEXPLORER16October2003Whatisthemostfunyoucanhavein21hoursand23minutes①？On15October2003,YangLiweiansweredthisquestion.Hisvoyage②inspacetookhim600，000kilometresinorbit③，aroundtheEarth14times④，injustover21hours.ItmadehimChina’sfirstastronaut⑤inspace⑥.Hehadworkedtowardsthisachievement⑦formanyyears.Bornin1965⑧，Yanghadwantedtoflysincehewasayoungboy.HisfriendsandteachersfromSuizhongintheLiaoningProvince,inthenorth－eastofChinahaveallsaidthathelovedscienceandtechnologyfromayoungage.Healwayshadastrongdesire⑨t(yī)olearnhowtofly⑩.Hisdreamwasencouragedbyhisparentsaswellas?hisoldersisterandyoungerbrother.In1983,hejoinedthearmy,andwenttoflightschool.Hegraduatedin1987andbecameapilot.In1998,heapplied?tobeamemberofProject921,whichisnowcalledShenzhou?.Hewasoneoftheonly14selected?from1，500candidates?.Theteamspentthenextfiveyearsbeingtrained?.Theynotonlystudiedallthesubjectsrequiredtobeanastronaut,butalsolearntsurvival?skillsandallabouthowspaceshipsandrockets?arebuilt?.Yangscored?amongtheverytopineverythingthegroupstudied.①fun后跟了一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞在從句中作have的賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞已省略。②voyage['v?IId?]n.航行；(尤指)航海，航天③orbit['??bIt]n.軌道vt.沿軌道運(yùn)行，圍繞……運(yùn)動(dòng)④timen．次；回(在此處可根據(jù)語(yǔ)境譯為“圈”)⑤astronaut['?str?n??t]n.宇航員⑥inspace在太空space前不能加定冠詞the。⑦achievementn．[C]成就，功績(jī)；[U]完成，達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)⑧過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)“Bornin1965”作狀語(yǔ)。⑨desire[dI'zaI?(r)]n.愿望，欲望，渴望vt.渴望，期望desiretodosth.渴望做某事astrongdesiretodosth.做某事的強(qiáng)烈愿望⑩“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，作賓語(yǔ)。?aswellas和，也?apply[?'plaI]vi.申請(qǐng)vt.使用，應(yīng)用applyfor申請(qǐng)?which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Project921。?selectv．挑選，選拔?candidate['k?ndId?t]n.候選人；申請(qǐng)人過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)“selected...candidates”作后置定語(yǔ)。?spendtime(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事?survival[s?'vaIvl]n.幸存，存活?rocket['r?kIt]n.火箭?notonly...butalso...不但……而且……；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)“requiredto...”作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾subjects。?scorev．得分省略that的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞everything。eq\a\vs4\al()探索者2003年10月16日在21小時(shí)23分鐘內(nèi)你能得到的最大樂(lè)趣是什么？在2003年10月15日，楊利偉回答了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。他的太空之旅讓他在僅僅21個(gè)小時(shí)多一些的時(shí)間內(nèi)沿軌道飛行了60萬(wàn)千米，環(huán)繞地球14圈。這使他成為中國(guó)首位進(jìn)入太空的宇航員。為了這一成就，他經(jīng)過(guò)了多年的努力。楊利偉出生于1965年，在他還是個(gè)小男孩的時(shí)候，他就夢(mèng)想著飛行。他在綏中(遼寧省東北部)的朋友和老師都說(shuō)，他從小就熱愛(ài)科學(xué)技術(shù)。他對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)如何飛行總有一種強(qiáng)烈的愿望。他的夢(mèng)想得到了父母以及姐姐和弟弟的鼓勵(lì)。1983年，他參軍進(jìn)入了飛行。他于1987年畢業(yè)，并成為一名飛行員。1998年，他申請(qǐng)成為921工程即現(xiàn)在被稱作“神舟”的一員。他是從1500名候選人中遴選出來(lái)的僅僅14人中的一員。在接下來(lái)的5年時(shí)間里，這些隊(duì)員接受了各種訓(xùn)練。他們不僅學(xué)習(xí)成為宇航員所必修的全部科目，還學(xué)習(xí)生存技巧，以及關(guān)于飛船和火箭制造的所有知識(shí)。在隊(duì)員們所學(xué)習(xí)的各門功課中，楊(利偉)的成績(jī)都名列前茅。InSeptember2003,onlythreeoutofthe14candidateswerepickedfortheChinesespaceadventure,andYangwasoneofthem.Hetookallkindsofteststoprovehewasfitforthisimportanttask.AlthoughYangdidnotgetthebestscoresoneverysingletest,itwashishighscoresonthepsychologicalteststhatfinallywonhimthestatusofChina’sfirstastronaut.Yangwasdescribedbyhissuperiorsashard－workingandalwaysincontrolofhimself.Becauseofthesequalities,theywereoptimistichewouldbesuccessful.Intheend,Yangwasindeedasuccess.HisnamewillgodowninhistorywiththoseofYuriGagarinandAlanShepard.ThepeopleofChinacanbeproudofYangLiwei,andyoungpeopleallovertheworldcanlookuptohimasanexampleofamanwhomanagedtolivehisdream.fitadj.合格的，有資格的befitforsth.勝任某事befittodosth.做某事稱職psychologicaladj.心理的，心理上的status['steIt?s]n.地位，身份強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)hishighscores。superior[su?'pI?rI?(r)]n.上級(jí)，上司adj.更好的，更高的incontrolof掌管，控制inthecontrolof...被……控制/管理quality['kw?l?tI]n.品質(zhì)；質(zhì)量optimistic[??ptI'mIstIk]adj.樂(lè)觀的，抱樂(lè)觀看法的beoptimisticabout...對(duì)……持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度indeed[In'di?d]adv.的確，確實(shí)godowninhistory名垂青史；被載入史冊(cè)godown在此意為“被寫下；被記下；載入”。beproudof＝takepridein為……自豪/驕傲lookupto敬佩managev．設(shè)法，努力，爭(zhēng)取livev．實(shí)踐；身體力行l(wèi)iveone’sdream實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾aman。eq\a\vs4\al()2003年9月，從這14名候選人當(dāng)中只挑選了3名隊(duì)員參加中國(guó)的太空探險(xiǎn)，楊(利偉)就是他們其中的一位。他接受了各種測(cè)試，以證實(shí)他能勝任這項(xiàng)重要的任務(wù)。雖然楊(利偉)并非每項(xiàng)測(cè)試都得了最高分，但他各項(xiàng)心理測(cè)試所得的高分最終為他贏得了中國(guó)首位宇航員的身份。在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)眼里楊利偉是一個(gè)勤奮、自制力強(qiáng)的人。因?yàn)檫@些品質(zhì)，他們對(duì)于他將會(huì)成功持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。最終，楊(利偉)的確成功了。他的名字將與尤里·加加林、艾倫·謝帕德一同載入史冊(cè)。中國(guó)人民會(huì)以楊利偉為驕傲，全世界的年輕人也將他視為努力實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的榜樣。warningn.警告(教材P50)Thecaptain，whohadreceivedwarningsabouticebergsallday，haddismissedthewarningsastheyarrived.船長(zhǎng)全天都收到冰山警告，但卻對(duì)到來(lái)的警告疏于注意。eq\a\vs4\al()warnv． 警告；提醒；告誡warnsb.(not)todosth. 提醒/告誡某人(不要) 做某事warnsb.(that) 告誡某人……warnsb.ofsth. 警告某人某事warnsb.againstdoingsth. 告誡某人不要做某事①Thereisahealthwarningoneverypackofcigarettes.每一個(gè)香煙盒上都有健康忠告。②Myfather，wholiveddowntheroad，alsowarnedpeoplenottoshoottheanimals.住在路邊的父親也警告人們不要獵殺這些動(dòng)物。③Thedoctorwarnedthepatientnotto__smoke(smoke)anylonger.＝Thedoctorwarnedthepatientagainstsmoking(smoke)anylonger.醫(yī)生警告病人不要再吸煙。④Theywarnedhimofthedanger.他們警告他有危險(xiǎn)。[巧學(xué)活用]——完成句子(1)警察告誡我們夜間不要出門。Thepolicewarnusnot__to__go__out__atnight.(2)氣象臺(tái)告誡將有暴風(fēng)雨來(lái)來(lái)臨。Theweatherstationwarned__thatastormwasing.requirementn．要求，規(guī)定(教材P53)Requirementsforspeaker對(duì)演講者的要求eq\a\vs4\al()(1)meet/satisfy/fulfilltherequirements 符合/滿足要求(2)requirev. 需要requiresb.todosth. 要求某人做某事sth.requiredoing/tobedone 某事/物需要被……requirethatsb.(should)dosth. 要求某人做某事①Firstly,IholdthefirmbeliefthatIampetenttomeetyourrequirements.首先，我堅(jiān)信我能達(dá)到你們的要求。②Theconductorrequiresallthepassengerstoshowtheirtickets.售票員要求所有乘客出示他們的票。③Theteacherrequiresthatwe(should)__read(read)Englisheverymorning.老師要求我們每天早晨讀英語(yǔ)。panionn．伙伴；陪伴(教材P57)Dianwasanoutgoingandkindperson，andabletogainvaluabledataabouttheirlivesbybeingapaniontothem.黛安是個(gè)友好善良的人并能通過(guò)成為它們的伙伴來(lái)獲得關(guān)于它們生活的有用信息。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)panyn． 公司；陪伴；作伴inpanywith... 與……在一起；還有(2)acpanyvt. 陪伴；陪同acpanysb.tosp. 陪某人去某地acpanysb.＝keepsbpany 陪伴某人①Thedogisagoodpanionanditkeepsthelittlegirlpanyallthetime,andevenacpanieshertoschool.這條狗是好伙伴，它一直在陪伴著這個(gè)小女孩，甚至陪她去上學(xué)。②Thisbookisapaniontotheauthor’sfirstwork.這本書是該作者第一部作品的姊妹篇。③I’llhaveadrinkmyself，justtokeep__you__pany/acpany__you．我也喝一杯，只是為了陪你。④I，in__pany__withmanyothers，feelthisdecisionwrong.我，還有許多人，都覺(jué)得這個(gè)決定是錯(cuò)誤的。[巧學(xué)活用]——完成句子(1)他一直以為她是他兒子的理想伴侶。Hehadalwaysconsideredheranidealpanion__forhisson.(2)我必須請(qǐng)你陪我去警察局。Imustaskyoutoacpany__me__tothepolicestation.(3)不必客氣，有你的陪伴，我也很開(kāi)心。Don’tmentionit.I’vereallyenjoyedyour__pany．(4)我們和幾個(gè)來(lái)旅游的外國(guó)人一起參觀了博物館。Wevisitedthemuseumin__pany__withforeigntourists.inspirevt.鼓舞，激勵(lì)，驅(qū)使；賦予靈感，啟迪(教材P57)．..thewritingsofanAmericanscientistcalledGeorgeSchaller，inspiredhertotakethefirststeptowardsherfuturework.……名叫喬治·夏勒的美國(guó)科學(xué)家的作品鼓勵(lì)她邁向她未來(lái)作品的第一步。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)inspiresb.todosth. 激勵(lì)某人做某事inspiresb.withsth.＝inspiresth.insb. 用……激勵(lì)或鼓勵(lì)某人； 激發(fā)出某人身上的……(2)inspiredadj. 富有靈感的inspiringadj. 鼓舞人心的inspirationn. 靈感①Cathyhasinspireduswithherwillandenthusiasm.凱茜用她的意志力和熱情激勵(lì)了我們。②ThebeautyoftheWestLakeinspiredalotofpoetsto__write(write)theirgreatpoetry.西湖美景給了許多詩(shī)人以靈感，從而創(chuàng)作出他們偉大的詩(shī)篇。③Ihaven’tstartedwritingthearticleyet—I’mstillwaitingforinspiration(inspire)．我還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始寫那篇文章——我還在等待靈感。discouragevt.使灰心，使泄氣，使沮喪；勸阻(教材P57)Eventhoughsomeofthegorillaswerequitedangerous，thisdidnotdiscourageDian.盡管一些大猩猩很危險(xiǎn)，但這并沒(méi)有使戴安泄氣。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)discouragesb.fromdoingsth. 打消某人要做某事的念頭； 阻止某人做某事(2)discouragingadj. 令人沮喪的discouragedadj. 感到泄氣的(3)couragen. 勇氣(4)encouragevt. 鼓勵(lì)①Youshouldnotletonefailurediscourageyou.你不能因一次失敗就灰心喪氣。②Ifyoufailyourdrivingtestthefirsttime，don’tbediscouraged.如果你考駕駛執(zhí)照第一次沒(méi)有通過(guò)，別因此而泄氣。③Wediscouragedhimfromgivingupthejoblastmonth.上個(gè)月，我們勸他不要放棄那份工作。④It’sdiscouraging(discourage)thatsomanystudentshavefailed.那么多學(xué)生考不及格，真令人泄氣。[巧學(xué)活用]——用courage的適當(dāng)形式填空Fromhis(1)discouragedlook,Ijudgedhewasn’thired,whichwasreally(2)discouraging．ButIstill(3)encouragedhimtogotootherpaniestotryhisfortune.desiren．愿望，欲望，渴望vt.渴望，期望；要求(教材P58)Healwayshadastrongdesiretolearnhowtofly.他對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)如何飛行總有一種強(qiáng)烈的愿望。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)haveastrongdesiretodosth./forsth.... 迫切想要做某事/急于想得到某物(2)desiretodosth. 渴望做某事desiresb.todosth. 想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth. 渴望……①Wealwaysdesiretoliveinpeacewithalltheothercountriesintheworld.我們一直希望與世界上其他國(guó)家和平相處。②Theteacherdesiredthatalltheexercises(should)__be__handed(hand)inbeforeschoolwasover.老師要求所有練習(xí)在放學(xué)前交上來(lái)。③Ourteacherdesiresusto__learn(learn)toadapttothenewenvironment.老師要我們學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。[巧學(xué)活用]——一句多譯我們班的每個(gè)學(xué)生都渴望上名牌大學(xué)。(1)Eachstudentinourclasshas__a__desire__to__go__to__a__famous__university．(desiren．)(2)Eachstudentinourclassdesires__to__go__to__a__famous__university．(desirev．)(3)Eachstudentinourclassdesires__that__he/she__(should)__go__to__a__famous__university．(desirev．)applyvi.申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求；適用vt.使用，應(yīng)用(教材P58)In1998，heappliedtobeamemberofProject921，whichisnowcalledShenzhou.1998年，他申請(qǐng)成為921工程即現(xiàn)在被稱作“神舟”的一員。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)apply(tosb.)forsth. (向某人)申請(qǐng)某事applysth.to 把……應(yīng)用于……applytosb./sth. 適用于/運(yùn)用于……applyoneselfto(doing)sth. 集中精力做某事，專注于(2)applicationn. 請(qǐng)求；申請(qǐng)；申請(qǐng)表；應(yīng)用applicantn. 申請(qǐng)人①Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse,Idecidedtoapplyfortheonethatreflectedmyinterest.當(dāng)最后決定課程的時(shí)間到來(lái)時(shí)，我決定申請(qǐng)那門適應(yīng)我興趣的課程。②Aftergraduatingfromthecollege，hemade__an__application__totheschoolforajobasateacher.大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他向申請(qǐng)當(dāng)老師。③Ifilledintheapplication(apply)forminlessthantwominutesandhandeditin.我用不到兩分鐘的時(shí)間填好表格并交了上去。④I’mwritingto__apply(application)forthepositionasastudentvolunteer.我寫信申請(qǐng)學(xué)生志愿者這個(gè)職位。superiorn．上級(jí)，上司adj.更好的，更高的(教材P58)Yangwasdescribedbyhissuperiorsashard－workingandalwaysincontrolofhimself.在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)眼里楊利偉是一個(gè)勤奮、自制力強(qiáng)的人。eq\a\vs4\al()besuperiorto 勝過(guò)，比……好beseniorto... 比……年長(zhǎng)(資歷深)bejuniorto... 比……年幼(資歷淺)①Asfarasmathematicsisconcerned，JohnissuperiortoPeter.就數(shù)學(xué)而言，約翰優(yōu)于彼得。②Heisanofficersuperior__tome.他是我的上級(jí)軍官。③Heisseniortomebytwoyears.他比我大兩歲。superior本身隱含著比較意義，沒(méi)有比較級(jí)。在與另一事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，與之搭配的介詞要用to，不能用than。incontrolof管理，控制(教材P58)Yangwasdescribedbyhissuperiorsashard－workingandalwaysincontrolofhimself.在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)眼里楊利偉是一個(gè)勤奮、自制力強(qiáng)的人。eq\a\vs4\al()controln． 控制，支配keep/take/gaincontrolof... 控制住under/inthecontrolof 在……控制之下under/incontrol 被控制住havecontrolover 控制losecontrolof... 失去對(duì)……的控制outofcontrol 失去控制①“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome，”Nataliesays，“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”娜塔莉說(shuō)，“我媽媽告訴我，我無(wú)法控制發(fā)生在我身上的事情，但是我能夠選擇怎樣應(yīng)對(duì)它?！雹贖ewasworkinghardtokeep__control__ofhimselfandnottolosehistemper.他正努力克制自己不發(fā)脾氣。③Themachineworkedbyitselfunderthecontrolofputer.那臺(tái)機(jī)器在電腦的控制下自動(dòng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。④Alorryrandownthehillout__of__control．一輛卡車失去了控制，直往山下沖去。⑤Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal，youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.只要你的目標(biāo)在你的掌控范圍內(nèi)，你獲得成功的機(jī)會(huì)就越大。lookupto敬佩，尊敬，仰慕(教材P58)ThepeopleofChinacanbeproudofYangLiwei，andyoungpeopleallovertheworldcanlookuptohimasanexampleofamanwhomanagedtolivehisdream.中國(guó)人民以楊利偉為驕傲，全世界的年輕人也將他視為努力實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的榜樣。eq\a\vs4\al()lookup 仰望；查閱；拜訪lookinto 調(diào)查；觀察；窺視lookout(for) 向外看；注意；當(dāng)心，提防； 考慮……的利益lookfor 尋找lookdownon/upon 俯視；看不起，輕視①Childrenshouldlookuptotheirparents.孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)尊敬父母。②Therefore,thereisnoreasonforustolookdownupon/onordinaryjobs.因此，我們沒(méi)有理由輕視普通的工作。③IfeltthatIhadtolook__out__formyself,becauseIdidn’tseethatanyoneelsewasgoingto.我覺(jué)得必須為自己考慮一下了，因?yàn)槲铱床怀鲞€有誰(shuí)會(huì)替我考慮。liveone’sdream實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想(教材P58)ThepeopleofChinacanbeproudofYangLiwei，andyoungpeopleallovertheworldcanlookuptohimasanexampleofamanwhomanagedtolivehisdream.中國(guó)人民以楊利偉為驕傲，全世界的年輕人也將他視為努力實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的榜樣。eq\a\vs4\al()livea．..life 過(guò)著……的生活liveon 以……為生，以……為主食liveupto 遵守，實(shí)踐(諾言、原則等)； 符合，不辜負(fù)(期望)①Hewilltryhisbesttolivehisdream.他將盡力去實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想。②MostoftheAsiansliveonrice.多數(shù)亞洲人以大米為食。③Thehoteldidn’tliveuptoitsgreatreputation.這家旅館與它的盛名不相符。(教材P57)Withoutherwork，therewouldbeveryfewmountaingorillaslefttoday.如果沒(méi)有她的工作，那么今天存活的山地大猩猩就會(huì)少之又少了。eq\a\vs4\al()該句Withoutherwork用來(lái)表示一種假設(shè)，表示與事實(shí)相反的一種假設(shè)，這種條件稱為含蓄條件，相當(dāng)于if條件句，句中謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。butfor，ifonly等都可與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用，表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。①Shewouldhavefailedwithouttheteacher’sadvice.要不是老師的忠告，她就失敗了。②Withoutair，therewould__be(be)nolifeontheearth.沒(méi)有空氣，地球上就沒(méi)有生命。(教材P58)Theynotonlystudiedallthesubjectsrequiredtobeanastronaut，butalsolearntsurvivalskillsandallabouthowspaceshipsandrocketsarebuilt.他們不僅學(xué)習(xí)成為宇航員所必修的全部科目，還學(xué)習(xí)生存技巧，以及關(guān)于飛船和火箭制造的所有知識(shí)。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)句中“notonly...butalso...”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“不僅……，而且……”，其中butalso中的also可以省略。(2)notonly...but(also)．..連接的兩個(gè)并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱與數(shù)遵循“就近原則”。(3)notonly...but(also)．..連接兩個(gè)并列分句，且notonly位于句首時(shí)，其所在的分句需使用部分倒裝。①TheBritishandtheAmericansnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebut(also)sharealargenumberofsocialcustoms.英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人不但語(yǔ)言相同，而且有很多相同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。②Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacheris(be)againsttheplan.不但學(xué)生們反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃，老師也反對(duì)。③Notonlydoes__the__sun__giveuslight，butalsoitgivesusheat.太陽(yáng)給我們提供光與熱。(教材P58)AlthoughYangdidnotgetthebestscoresoneverysingletest，itwashishighscoresonthepsychologicalteststhatfinallywonhimthestatusofChina’sfirstastronaut.雖然楊(利偉)并非每項(xiàng)測(cè)試都得了最高分，但他各項(xiàng)心理測(cè)試所得的高分最終為他贏得了中國(guó)首位宇航員的身份。eq\a\vs4\al()此句為復(fù)合句?！癆lthoughYangdidnotgetthebestscoresoneverysingletest”為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。itwashishighscoresonthepsychologicalteststhat...為主句，其中itwas...that為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)可用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)人、事、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、方式等。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis/was＋強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分(強(qiáng)調(diào)部分通常是主語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))。(1)Itis/was...that...這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)為人，可用who代替that；如被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物或其他情況，只能用that。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)式為：Is/Wasit＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who...？；其特殊疑問(wèn)句式為：特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋is/wasitthat...?(3)not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...①Althoughskillsandtalentsbringgreatsuccess,themostvaluableasset(財(cái)富)onecanholdistheheart.雖然技巧和才能帶來(lái)巨大成功，但一個(gè)人能擁有的最珍貴的財(cái)富是有心。②ItwasmyoldteacherthatImetintheparkyesterday.我昨天在公園里遇到的是我以前的老師。③Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotelthatthecoachpicksuptourists.你等錯(cuò)地方了，教練是在旅館接游客的。④Wherewasitthatyoufoundyourlostphone?你是在哪里找到你丟失的的？⑤WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathegothurt?他是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間受傷的嗎？(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。如果句子用的是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中就用was；如果句子用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中就用is。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)，可以用who代替that。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和被強(qiáng)調(diào)的人和物保持人稱、數(shù)的一致。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判別方式：把itis/was及that去掉，調(diào)整后依然是一個(gè)完整的句子；否則，就不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。[巧學(xué)活用]——句式升級(jí)Ididn’trealizethatshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.→(1)It__was__not__until__she__took__off__her__dark__glasses__that__I__realized__that__she__was__a__famous__film__star.(用強(qiáng)調(diào)句改寫)→(2)Not__until__she__took__off__her__dark__glasses__did__I__realize__that__she__was__a__famous__film__star.(用倒裝句改寫)eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填詞1．Theblackcloudsgave____________(警告)ofanapproachingstorm.答案：warning2．Teachersshould____________(勸阻)theirstudentsfromsmokinganddrinking.答案：discourage3．Hisfriend’swords____________(鼓舞)himtotryagain.答案：inspired4．Hisdogbecamehisclosest____________(伙伴)duringthelastyearsofhislife.答案：panion5．Butoverall，Americansaremuchmore____________(樂(lè)觀的)abouttheeconomysincethePresidenttookover.答案：optimistic6．ShelivesinFrancebuthasBritish____________(國(guó)籍)．答案：nationality7．Aredlightisusuallya____________(信號(hào))fordanger.答案：signal8．TheEuropeanshadhopedtowin，and，____________(的確)，hadlookedlikewinning.答案：indeed9．Asasoldier，heshowedselfless____________(奉獻(xiàn))toduty.答案：devotion10．Youngpeoplearefightingfor____________(生存)evenbeforetheyleaveschool.答案：survivaleq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯(cuò)1．Theschoolrequiresstudentsgotoschoolinadvance.____________________答案：go前加to2．Hehasbeenwarnedthedangerofdrivingthecarathighspeed.____________________答案：warned后加of3．Weoughttobefocusingondiscouragingkidsofsmoking.____________________答案：of→from4．IwritethislettertoapplytothepositionthatyouhaveadvertisedinChinaDailyofApril2nd.____________________答案：第二個(gè)to→for5．Thebusgotoutofthecontrolandranintoawall.____________________答案：去掉第二個(gè)theeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完成句子1．________________________________(如果沒(méi)有這位警察的幫助)，hewouldn’thavebeenrescued.答案：Withoutthepoliceman’shelp2．________________________________(不是她所說(shuō)的話)butthewayshesaiditthatmademeangry.答案：Itwasnotwhatshesaid3．________________________________(盡管這首詩(shī)不太長(zhǎng)),itisdifficulttounderstand.答案：Althoughthepoemisnotverylong4．________________________________(因?yàn)樘鞖獠缓?thatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.答案：Itwasbecauseofthebadweather5．________________(不僅是)sheastatesman，butshewasapoet.答案：Notonlywaseq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)課文語(yǔ)篇改錯(cuò)YangLiweiwasfirstChinesewhomwentintospace.In15October2003,hecarriedoutthejourneyintospace.YangLiwei,bornin1965,becameinterestinginflewasayoungboy.In1983,hejoinedthearmyandwenttoflightschool.In1987aftergraduate,hebecameapilot.In1998,hewaschosentoamemberofShenzhou.ThroughhishardworkYangwaswonhispositionasChina’sfirstastronauttotravelintospace.NowweChineseareproudwithYangLiwei.Especiallytheyoungrespecthimastheirheroes.答案：YangLiweiwaseq\o(∧,\s\do8(the))firstChineseeq\f(whom,who)wentintospace.eq\f(In,On)15October2003,hecarriedoutthejourneyintospace.YangLiwei,bornin1965,becameeq\f(interesting,interested)ineq\f(flew,flying)asayoungboy.In1983,hejoinedthearmyandwenttoflightschool.In1987aftereq\f(graduate,graduation)，hebecameapilot.In1998,hewaschoseneq\f(to,as)amemberofShenzhou.ThroughhishardworkYangeq\a\vs4\al(was)wonhispositionasChina’sfirstastronauttotravelintospace.NowweChineseareproudeq\f(with,of)YangLiwei.Especiallytheyoungrespecthimastheireq\f(heroes,hero).A卷eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thereportsaidabuswent____________ofcontrolonahighwaysouthofthecityandrushedintoariver.答案：out2．Infrontofthelabourexchange(職業(yè)介紹所)therearemanypeopledesiring____________(get)ajob.答案：toget3．Sherequiredthatthework____________(finish)intenminutes.答案：(should)befinished4．____________(inspire)byTom’sexampletoexploretheNorthPole,Dickdreamedoftherebeingsuchagreatchanceforhim.答案：Inspired5．Manypeoplearetakingpartin____________(vary)TVprogramstoachieveovernightsuccess.答案：various6．Tomyexcitement,thedogwillbeemyconstant____________(pany)soon.答案：panion7．SunQian,aswellasherparents，____________(be)goingtoclimbmountainsonthedayofChongyangFestival.答案：is8．Mr.Smithhastaughtformanyyears,andallstudentslookup____________him.答案：to9．Hehasbeenapplyinghimself____________thestudyoftraditionalChinesemedicalscience.答案：to10．Wetriedtodiscouragehim____________climbingthemountainwithoutaguide.答案：fromeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解AThebiggestsoccerorganization(組織)intheU．S.introducesnewrulestomakethesportsafer.TheU．S.SoccerFederationannouncedthatplayersinitsteamswhoare10oryoungerarenolongerallowedtoheadtheball.Playersagedfrom11to13havelimits(限制)onhowoftentheycanpracticeheading.Thenewrulesaresettostopkidsfromgettinghurtbecauseofablowtotheheadthatshakesthebrain.Playersmaygetheadachesbyheadingtheball.Evenworse,theymayalsogetconcussions(腦震蕩),whichwillcauselastingbraindamage(腦損傷)．Headingtheballcanbeoneofthemostdangerouspartsofsoccer.Sometimestheforceofhittingtheballwiththeirheadsgivesplayersconcussions.Butmoreoften,playersreceiveconcussionswhentheyjumptoheadtheballandbyaccidentknockheadswithotherplayersorfallandhittheirheadsonthegrass.“Moreconcussionshappenduringtheactofheadingthananyotheractioninsoccer，”saysDr.RobertCantu,anexpertonbraindamage.Sofar,thenewrulesareonlyusedbyteamsthatarepartoftheU．S.SoccerFederation.Butthegroupsaysithopesmoresoccerteamswillsoonfollowitsexample.FormerU．S.soccerstarBrandiChastainisoneoftheleadersoftheactivitytoban(禁止)headingamongyoungsoccerplayers.Shewelestherulechangebutwantstheruletoincludeallplayersunder14.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講述為防止年輕足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員頭部受傷，美國(guó)足球聯(lián)合會(huì)頒布了新的法規(guī)禁止青少年球員進(jìn)行頭球。1．Thenewrulesaremadeto________．A．keepyoungplayersfrombeinghurtB．teachyoungplayershowtopracticeheadingC．maketheU．S.SoccerFederationmorefamousD．encourageyoungplayerstoimprovetheirskillsA解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段和第三段的第一句可知，頒布新法規(guī)是為了避免青少年足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員因?yàn)轭^球而受傷。2．WhatisBrandiChastain’sattitudetowardsthenewrules?A．Sheisagainstthem.B．Shesupportsthem.C．Sheisunsureaboutthem.D．Shedoesn’tcareaboutthem.B解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，BrandiChastain不僅是這項(xiàng)足球新規(guī)定運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者之一，她還希望能把“禁止頭球”規(guī)定的實(shí)施范圍擴(kuò)大到所有14歲以下的青少年。由此可知，她對(duì)足球新規(guī)定持有肯定、支持的態(tài)度。3．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Newrulesinsoccer.B．Howtoprotectyoungplayers.C．Braindamagebeesmoremon.D．TheintroductionoftheU．S.SoccerFederation.A解析：主旨大意題。本文主要講述針對(duì)年輕足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員頭部受傷的情況，美國(guó)足球聯(lián)合會(huì)頒布了新的法規(guī)。BSinceIbecameafull－timefree－lancer(自由作家),I’vefoundoneofthehardestthingstodoistogetupearly.Withoutthedangerofbeingfired,therejusthasn’tbeenalotofmotivation(動(dòng)機(jī))togetoutofbed.I’vequicklylearnedthatgettingupisthekeytosuccessandbetteryet:wakingupearlyisreallyjustahabit.Themostimportantthingtokeepinmindisthatyoumusthavestrongreasonstogetoutofbed.Motivationistheonlythingkeepingusfromlyinginbedallday.Writingdownallthebigandimportantthingsyou’lldothenextdaycangiveyouanextrapushinyourgoaltowakeupearlyandgetupquickly.Don’treadinbed.Spendingaslittletimeaspossibleinbedwillactuallyhelpyourbodyrealizethatthebedisforsleeping,andnotforlyingawakeforhours.Thegoalofreadinginbedisjusttohelpyoufallasleepwithin10minutes.Stressisoneofthemaincausesofpoorsleep.Relaxyourselfbeforegettingintobed.Trycontrolledbreathingexercisesoryogatoloweryourstresslevel.Thesearejustafewwaysyoucanusetowakeupearlier.Findingthebestwayisthemostimportant,anditrequiresalittlework.Thekeythingisthatwakingupshouldbeapleasantexperience.Ifyoucanmakewakingupsomethingyouarelookingforwardto,you’realreadyhalfwayonyourjourneytowardbeinganearlyriser.4．Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A．Hehasafull－timejoboutside.B．Helikeslyinginbedallday.C．Hewasoncefiredbyapany.D．Hehasdifficultygettingupearly.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句的“I’vefoundoneofthehardestthingstodoistogetupearly.”我發(fā)現(xiàn)早起是最難的事情之一。由此可知選D項(xiàng)。5．Theauthorgivesussometipstohelpus________．A．findthekeytosuccessB．beeanearlyriserC．fallasleepwithin10minutesD．relaxafteraday’shardworkB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。閱讀文章可知作者教給我們一些小技巧使我們可以早起。由此可知選B項(xiàng)。6．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutdoingyoga?A．Itisagoodwaytoreducestress.B．Itcanhelpyousleep.C．Itcanmakeyouworried.D．Itwillhelpyouwakeupearlier.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句“Trycontrolledbreathingexercisesoryogatoloweryourstresslevel.”試著控制呼吸或練習(xí)瑜伽來(lái)降低你的壓力水平。由此可知，沒(méi)有壓力可以入睡，早入睡可以早起。只有C項(xiàng)是不正確。由此可知選C項(xiàng)。7．Whatisthepointofgettingupearly?A．Motivation. B．Experience.C．Success. D．Ability.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Motivationistheonlythingkeepingusfromlyinginbedallday.”動(dòng)機(jī)是唯一一件讓我們避免整天躺在床上的事。由此可知選A項(xiàng)。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語(yǔ)法填空Thankstothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,millionsofsmartdevices(裝置)1.____________(connect)tohomesaroundtheworldsofar.Among2.____________(they),thereisonethatIwanttocall“abright3.____________(technology)invention”．Howmanytimeshaveyouehome4.____________(late)thanexpected?It’sdarkoutsideand,ofcourse,youdidn’tleavethelightson.Youfeelyourwayinthedarktogetthekeyinthedoor,andonceyouopenit,youhavetofeelaroundthewall,5.____________(search)forthelightswitch.Wouldn’titbeeasiertohitanapplicationonyourphonewhileyou’restillinyourcarandturnonallthelights?6．____________thehelpofPhilipsHueLEDlightsandPhilipsHueBridgesmarthomedevice,youcanturnon7.____________offdozensoflightbulbsinandaroundyourhousefromalongdistance.Theselightsarealsodimmable(可調(diào)光的),8.____________makesitpossibleforyoutohavesofterlightingatnight.Besides,theycanwakeyouupgentlybyturningon9.____________(slow)inthemorning.YoucanalsoconnectyourPhilipsHuelightbulbstothevoice－recognizingdeviceonyourphone.Inthisway,you’llbeabletosimplysay“Hey.Turnonthelights.”10.____________(turn)yourlightson.1．havebeenconnected解析：考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。smartdevices與connect之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且由sofar可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填havebeenconnected。2．them解析：考查代詞。設(shè)空處作介詞Among的賓語(yǔ)，指代millionsofsmartdevices，故填them。3．technological解析：考查形容詞作定語(yǔ)的用法。設(shè)空處作定語(yǔ)修飾invention，表示“科技的”；故填technological。4．later解析：考查形容詞比較級(jí)。由than可知，此處表示比較，故填later。5．searching解析：考查動(dòng)詞－ing形式作狀語(yǔ)的用法。設(shè)空處作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，因you與search之間是邏