從女性主義視角解析《到燈塔去》

從女性主義視角解析《到燈塔去》AnAnalysisofTotheLighthousefromtheFeministPerspective摘要女性主義在發(fā)展過程中摒棄了初期與男權(quán)主義完全對(duì)立的態(tài)勢，開始追求一種女性與男性的和諧。身處男權(quán)時(shí)代的女人不得不通過斗爭而非妥協(xié)才能換取女性真正的解放，獲得與男性相當(dāng)?shù)牡匚?。女性主義自誕生以來取得了深遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展，并于二十世紀(jì)六七十年代襲來第二次浪潮。小說《到燈塔去》是帶有鮮明女性主義色彩的文學(xué)作品，其作者弗吉尼亞·伍爾芙是現(xiàn)代主義小說的先鋒代表，她將女性的話語、女性的角色和女性的價(jià)值觀融入作品中。本論文以弗吉尼亞·伍爾芙的作品《到燈塔去》為研究內(nèi)容，旨在分析其中所反映的女性主義思想。本文認(rèn)為主人公拉姆齊夫人和畫家莉莉形象的刻畫展現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)背景下女性地位的卑微，寄托了作家本人擺脫男女對(duì)立、期望男女平等以及兩性和平共處的美好理想。關(guān)鍵詞：《到燈塔去》；弗吉尼亞·伍爾芙；女性主義

AbstractInthecourseofmoderndevelopment,feminismhasabandonedthecompletelyoppositetrendofmalechauvinismandbegantopursuetheharmonybetweenwomenandmen.Womeninthepatriarchalsocietyhadtofightratherthancompromiseinexchangeforrealemancipationofwomen,earningastatusequaltothatofmen.Feminismhascomealongwaysinceitappearedandhitthesecondwaveinthe1960sand1970s.Thenovel,TotheLighthouseisfilledwithdistinctfeministcolor.Theauthor,VirginiaWoolfisapioneerrepresentativeofmodernistfictions.Sheintegratedwomen’swords,therolesofwomenandwomen’svaluesintothework.ThisthesistakesVirginiaWoolf'sTotheLighthouseastheresearchcontent,aimingatanalyzingthefeministthoughtreflectedinit.ItholdsthattheportrayaloftheprotagonistsMrs.RamsayandthepainterLilyrevealsthehumblestatusofwomenatthattime,andthatitistheidealofVirginiaWoolftogetridoftheconfrontationbetweenmenandwomenaswellasherdesireforequalityandpeacefulcoexistencebetweenmenandwomen.Keywords:TotheLighthouse;VirginiaWoolf;FeminismIntroductionIntheintroduction,theemphasiswillbeplacedonthedepictionoftheauthorandherwork.VirginiaWoolfwasafeministrepresentative,andherexcellentworkTotheLighthousewasthesourceofthefeministconsciousness.Womenbegantorebelagainstthetraditionandpursuetheirrightsandfreedom.TotheLighthouseisanautobiographyofWoolf.TheaimofthenovelistoexpressWoolf’sopinionincludingherunderstandingforfeminismandherviewaboutwomen’sfreedomandindependence.1.1AbouttheauthorVirginiaWoolfVirginiaWoolf(1882-1941)isadistinguishedfemalewriterinEngland,andsheisregardedasthepioneerofmodernismandfeminisminthetwentiethcentury.ShewasbornintheliteraryfamilyofLondonandwaseducatedandcultivatedfullofliterature.Sheoftenentertainedliteraryandartisticpeopleinherapartment.Theytalkedaboutartandphilosophyandpushedagainsttraditiontoformaliteraryclub-BloomsburyGroup.VirginiaWoolffocusedontheunequaltreatmentofwomenintherealworldaswellascomplainedbitterlyabouttheoppressionandmiseryofwomen.Atthattime,womenwererestrictedfrombeingadmittedtoaccepteducation,andtheyweredeprivedoftheirpropertyrightsforalongtime.Woolf’smostfamousstreamofconsciousnessandfeministliteraryworkTotheLighthousevividlyreflectstheunfairtreatmentofwomenandthegradual,clearresistanceofwomen.Womenstartedtobeawareofpursuingindependenceandfreedom.VirginiaWoolfoncesaidthat“awomanshouldhaveasmallhouseofherown,asalaryofherown,totrulyhavethefreedomofcreation.”(VirginiaWoolf,1965:35)Itcanbeseenthatshehasastrongdesireforwomentoexplorefreedom.However,herexperienceisfilledwithmisery.In1895,Woolf’smotherpassedawayandforheritwasthefirsttimeshehadalreadybrokenup.Afterwards,inherautobiographyMomentsofBeing(VirginiaWoolf,1919),sherevealedthatshewithhersisterVanessaBellhadbeensexuallyassaultedbyherhalf-brotherGeorgeandDuckworth.Afterherfather’s(SirLeslieStephen,knowneditorandliterarycritic)deathin1904,shewithVanessamovedtoBloomsbury.In1912,shemarriedLeonardWoolf.Sheregardedherownmarriageasadisasteroflossofidentity,becauseshebelievedthatshehadtoburnpersonalityasacostinhermarriage.AlthoughsheislikeLilyinhernovelTotheLighthouseandthinkslovejustlikethemagnificentflame.Herhusbanddecidedtotakeherlifeforgrantedandsawherasagenius.Woolf’sgratitudewassogreatthatLeonardhadalwaysbeenthedrivingforcebehindhercreation.ButWoolfwaseventuallyforcedtodrownbythestressandanxietyinTheSecondWorldWar.WoolfhaslotsofgoodworkssuchasMrs.Dalloway,NightandDay,TheVoyageOutandsoon.HerfamousworkswithstreamofconsciousnessincludeMrs.DallowayandTotheLighthouse.Shethinksthatthenovelreflectsthesubconsciousactivitiesofpeople,sosheisverycarefulinhercreationandisgoodatdescribingtheinnerworldofcharacters.Inadditiontothenovels,Woolfhaswrittenmanyessays,suchasTheCommonReader,ARoomofone’sown,andherprosesareveryexquisite.Shedisdainsthetraditionalmethodsofcreationandrequiresgreaterfreedomofwriting.In1962,oneoftheplaysofEdwardAlbeewasnamedasWho’sAfraidofVirginiaWoolf?Itwasenoughtoshowherstatusinthemodernliteraryworld.HerfriendE.M.Forstermadeavividandappropriateevaluationtoher“Virginiawrotealotofworks,andsheusedanewmethodtoprovidepeoplewiththegreatpleasure.Inthefaceofdarkness,sheputthelightofEnglandlanguageforward.”1.2AboutTotheLighthouseTotheLighthouseisaquasi-autobiographicalnovelthattheauthorhasdevotedhimselftoanditisalsoamanifestooffeminisminliteraryworks.ThenovelcentersonalighthouseasacentralcluetothestoryoftheRamsayfamilyandseveralintimatefriendswhowenttoliveinScotlandafterTheFirstWorldWar.Mr.Ramsay’syoungestson,Jameswantedtogotothelighthouse.Hefailedbecauseoftheterribleweather.Aftertheoutbreakofthewar,theRamsayfamilyexperiencedvicissitudes.Afterthewar,Mr.Ramsaytookapairofchildrentotheisland,andtheyfinallyarrivedatthelighthouse.However,satontheshoretopaint,LilyBristolbranchalsohappensintheRamsayfamily,whoreachedthelighthouse.Inthemomentoffeeling,sheformedacentralpointdown,finallydrewthehauntingillusionformanyyears.Shewantstogobeyondtheworldandbecomearealartist.Theauthorattemptstoexplorethemeaningoflifeandthenatureofthefreedominthesimpleplotsofthenovel.Besides,shealsopointsoutthattheegoislikelytoescapetheclutchesofpassingtherestlesstime,whichisnotonthethreatofdeathandimmortality.TheflashofthebeacontoweristhelightofthesouloftheRamsayfamily.Trivialdailylife,involvinglove,marriage,life,deathandfeminism,containsprofoundhumanisticthoughtandrichliteraryvalue.Thebookhasnoupsanddowns,andordinarydailylifeisfullofbooks.Thecontentscanbedividedintothreeparts:thewindow,thepassageoftime,thelighthouse.Themaincharacter,Mrs.Ramsay,diedintheend,andtheactualactivitywasconfinedtothefirsthalfofthenovel.Aseriesofdescriptionsofherarebasedontheauthor’sownmother,whileMr.Ramsayhastheshadowoftheauthor’sfather.Inaddition,theauthordescribesthemostisLilyBristol.Onthesurface,LilyhasveryfewwordsandhermainbehavioristopaintforMrs.Ramsay.Butthecharacter’sthoughtactivityisveryactive.Theauthorfortheirprototypeshapedthecharactersandarrangedpotentialforanovelstructureofdoublecluesandrepeatlayers.Woolfwroteinherdiary:“Thisworkisquiteshortandwillwritethefather’scharacterandthemother’scharacterandStIvesislandsandchildhood.Iusuallywriteeverything,thebirthanddeathofthebookandsoon.”(VirginiaWoolf,1927:59-60)Thecharactersarethedrivingforceandinspirationofthewriters’creation,includingthereasonwhythewriterwantstocreateisthatsomeoftheimagesoccupytheirmindentangledwiththem.Eachcharacterofthenovelhasitsowncharacteristics.Mr.Ramsayisaneducatedmanwithgoodeducationandhasabsolutepowerandstatusinhisfamily.Mr.Ramsaytriestoexplainanddealwitheverythingintheworldwithreasonandlogic.Mrs.Ramsayisfancifulcomparedwithherstereotypicalhusband.Herexperienceforcognitionisoftenintuitiveorepiphany.ThepainterLilyandMrs.Ramsayaretheambassadorsofunityandharmony.Sheisasubversivefemalecharacter.Andshededicatedtoartandwantedtouseherbrushtopaintabridgebetweenrealityandart.AnOverviewofFeminismNextIwilldiscusstheoriginoffeminism,themaincontentsandtheviewofWoolf’s.Feminismhasexperiencedalongdevelopingprocessfrominitialoppositiontothemenandwomen.Femalessufferedunequaltreatmentandlostthemostfundamentalrights,withtheriseofawaveoffeminism.Afterwards,womenbegantorebel,fortheirownindependence,freedomandrightstomakeunremittingstruggle.2.1TheoriginoffeminismThesourcesofcontemporaryfeministepistemologytheoryingeneralhavethreemainaspects:thefirstpointisthewesternfeminismanditsdevelopment,andthesecondisthetraditionalscienceanditscritique,andthethirdispostmodernismepistemology.Specifically,therearefouraspects:thegenderconsciousnessoffemalepsychology,theemancipationoffeminism,therationalreflectionofscienceandtechnology,andthemodeofsympathy.Thefeministmovement,alsoknownasthewomen’sliberationmovement,untiltoday,whichcanberoughlydividedintotwophases:thefirststageveryearly,probablyaroundtheendthe19thcentury,isthefirstwaveofthewomen’sliberationmovement.Thesecondliberationmovement,it’ssaidgenerallyfromthe1960sto1970s,peoplethinkthattheearliestisoriginatedfromtheUnitedStates.Themovementlasteduntil1980s,whenthetonewastoeliminatethedifferencesinthesexes,andthedifferencesingender,whichwereactuallyseenasthebasisforfemaleattachmenttomenintherelationship.Anotherconsequenceofthesecondfeministmovementwastheriseoffeministresearchandtheemergenceofavarietyoffeministschools.Thefeministmovementwasadirectproductofthemodernbourgeoisindustrialrevolutionandtheenlightenmentthoughtofthe18thcentury,whichfirstappearedamongthemiddleclasswomeninEurope.InOctober,1789,aftertheFrenchrevolution,agroupofParisianwomenmarchedintoVersailles,demandingequalrightswithmen,andthusbeganthefeministmovement.Fromtheperspectiveofmodernphilosophyandsocialmovement,feminismisusuallyoriginatedfromtheenlightenmentthinkersofthe18thcentury.FeministDefend,MaryWollstonecraftwrotewasoneofthefewbooksthatcouldhavebeencalledfeminismbeforethe19thcentury.Marycompareswomentonobility,pampering,vulnerability,andmorallaziness.Feminismbecameanorganizedsocialmovementinthe19thcentury,whenitbecameincreasinglybelievedthatwomenweretreatedunfairlyinamale-centeredsociety.Thefeministmovementwasrootedinwesternprogressivism,especiallyinthe19thcentury.Theorganizationalmovementwasthefirstwomen’srightsconferenceinthestateofSenecaFalls,NewYorkin1848.Atthetimeofthefeministmovement,thebeautyisseenasapartofthefemalesubjectstatus,women’sappearanceandbodybeautypursuitisregardedastheobjectificationofwomensubject,whichcontainsthediscriminationagainstwomen.Feminismisanabominationtopointoutthatwomenareengagedinaconstantbeautypageantintheirdailylives.2.2ThemaincontentsoffeminismTheconceptoffeminismisbasedonthebeliefthatthecurrentsocietyisbasedonapatriarchalsystemthatisgivenmoreprivilegesthanwomen.Feministacademicschoolsaredividedintofourcategories:liberalfeminism,radicalfeminism,andpost-modernfeminism.Eachschoolhasatheorytoexplainthecausesofmalepower,anddescribegenderinequality.Schoolsareevaluatedandevaluated,eachofwhichhasitsownmeritsanddemerits,buttheirultimatepurposeisthesameandtoeliminategenderinequality.Theaimoffeministtheoryistounderstandthenatureofinequalityandtofocusongenderpolitics,powerrelationsandsexualconsciousness.Thethemesoffeministinquirymainlyincludediscrimination,stereotyping,objectification(especiallysexualobjectification),physicaloppressionandpaternity.Thefeministmovementisasocialmovementthattranscendsclassandrace.Thefeministmovementundereachculturehasitsownuniquecharacteristicsandwillraiseissuesforwomeninthesociety.Menareoppressedindifferenterasandcultures,buttheyareoppressedbymembersofaclassorstrata.Womenaredifferent,exceptbecausetheybelongtoaclassandareoppressedonlybecausetheyarewomen.Thesocietywhichiscastbymenregardswomenasinferior,andwomencanonlychangetheirlowstatusbychallengingandchangingthewayofhigherstatusofmen.Inadditiontocriticizingsocialrelations,manyfeministsupportersalsofocusontheanalysisofgenderinequalityandthepromotionofwomen’srights,interest,andissues.FeminisminChinareferstoawoman’sthought,socialspeechandpoliticalassistanceinstrivingforequalitywithmenandreflectingthefemale’sself-spiritandenergy.Equalitybetweenmenandwomen,women’sliberationisthemostbasicgoaloffeminism.Whilestrivingforequalitywithmenandmutualbenefit,women’smovementshouldalsopayattentiontoself-characteristics.2.3ThefeministviewofVirginiaWoolfInthespeechofProfessionforWomen:“Allofthisisthatwomenarenotfreeandopenlyinvolved;theymustcharmothers,wintheheartsofothers,andtellthemstraightfromthegroundthatiftheywanttosucceed,theymustlie.SoaslongasIfeeltheshadowofherwingsorthelightofherholinessfallonmyscroll,Iwilltaketheinkbottleandthrowitather“(VirginiaWoolf,1931:276-282).Woolfcomparedthestrugglebetweenmenandtraditionideastothe“BattleoftheAngels”,“AngelintheHouse”sacrificingoneselfforjoy,whohasneverhadownideaandwish.Traditiondoctrinemakesfemaleelegant,tame,gentle,lovely.Womenarealwaysboundintraditionalroles,unabletowritemorerealisticandprofoundworks.Becausetheydon’thavethesamespaceandright.Woolfreliedonherowncreativitytocreate“aroomofherown”thatdependedentirelyonherowneconomicstate,withouttheneedtoconformtothenormsofmalevaluesandtoherownmind.Woolfwentthroughtwoworldwars,andsheresistedpatriarchy.Shethinksthatthewarisastrongmanforthemselves,menofambitionandaspirationexternalrendering.Thewaralsocanbringhappinessformen,butmenneverconsideredthepainofthewaronwomenisheavierandtheburdenoffamilypressureontheshouldersofvulnerablewomen.Womenasareserveforceneedtosupplymenwithfood,clothingandsoon.Virginiathinksthatthewarbelongstotheman,andthereisnoreasontoletafemaletoundertakethepressure.Shethinkstheworldofmenandwomenshouldconnectandbreakthedivisionofpublicsphereandprivatesphereofpatriarchy.Woolfcompletelyrepudiatedthepatriarchalvaluesandexplicitlyputforwardanoutsider’sattitudeofindifference,whichmadeitclearthatwomenhadnothingtodowithwar.Thegoaloffeminismistoensurethateveryonehastherighttojustice,equality,andfreedom.Woolf’sfeministthoughtisalsoreflectedinhomosexualthought.Inherownmarriage,Woolfdidnotfeelthepleasureofgettingalongwitheachotherbutaburdenandpressurefromthespirit.Shealwaysfeelsuncomfortablewithmen.Shebelievesthatwomenhaveanaturaldepressioninfrontofmen,andheterosexualmarriageisaphysicalandconsciousbondagetowomen.Patriarchalheterosexualrepressionkeptfemalehomosexualssilent.Woolfadmitsthatshecantalkabouteverythinginherrelationshipwithwomenandshareherlifeandfindthetrueselfinlife,andalsoshecangetrealhappiness.Inherchildhood,shewassexuallyabusedbyherhalf-brother,alsohersisterwassympathetic.Gradually,Woolfwasdisgustedbythemalechauvinismandhadrealsenseofthesamesex.However,topresentthetruth,youmustbesincereandtruetoyourinnerfeelings,becausewomenwereusedtohideandsuppresstheirinnerfeelings.Woolfbelievesthatwomenshouldfaceuptotheirtrueselvesandshowtheirownattachmentandhappinesswithoutreserve.TheFeminismReflectedinTotheLighthouseInTotheLighthouse,theheroineMrs.Ramsayisanidealwomanwithastrongsenseofresponsibilityandlove.Atthesametime,herfemininesensibilityandintuitionandtheimageoftheprotectorarethemostimportantpointsofthearticle.WhileanotherheroineLilyisthesymbolofnewwoman,shewasfullofartisticbreathandthededicatedart.Sheusesthepaintingstodrawtheoutlineofherownworldandthevastsky.ItdeservestobementionedthatLily’spaintingalsoshowstheideaoffeminism.Fromtheunfinishedpaintingatthebeginningtoatlastthesuccessofpainting,Lilyexperiencedtheimprovementofthemind.3.1GuardianangelwithasenseofresponsibilityandloveTheRamsaycoupleinthisnovelisbasedonWoolf’sownparents.Mr.Ramsayisidealized,spiritualandselfish,whileMrs.Ramsayrepresentsafemale’ssensibility.Shehasagiftforunderstandingtheheartsofothers,andsheisalwaysreadytodevotehertime,energyandlove.Sheplaystherolethatthemalesocietydecidedforher-theelegantangel.ThehugedifferenceandstarkcontrastbetweentheRamsaycouplerepresentsaclashbetweenthesexes.SherepudiatedthemasculinevaluesrepresentedbyMr.Ramsay,atthesametimefor“theangelinthehouse”–Mrs.Ramsaycriticalscrutiny.Andshethinksthatsuchgentlenessdocileofthecharactersisthelackoftrueinnerself.Womenshouldalsohavetheirownindependentpersonalitiestorealizetheirself-worth,whileWoolfalsoextolledMrs.Ramsayasanangel.Sheisawomanofgreatresponsibilityandlove.Shecaresformenandthinksthattheylackininnersatisfactions.TheRamsaybroughttheeightchildrentotheisland,andtherestoodalighthouseatoneendofthebay.LittleJameswaseagertogotothelighthouse,andMr.Ramsaygrimlysaidthattheweatherwouldbeterribletomorrow,andJamesthoughthisfatherwassocrueltothem.Mrs.Ramsay,afraidofbeinghurtbytheyoungJames,hadbeensayingtohim,“iftheweatherpermitstomorrow,youcouldgo”(VirginiaWoolf,1927,92)ShegaveJameshopetogotothelighthouse.Mrs.Ramsayisaprotectorofmen.Infact,Mrs.Ramsay’srolewasfirsttoprotectherson,tomakehimhopefulandcuriousaboutgoingtothelighthouse.EvenifMr.Ramsayhasopposed,butMrs.RamsayinsiststhatJamesshouldgotothelighthouseandlethersonknowhappinessintheworldissymbolicandshouldprotectthemasmuchaspossible.Mrs.Ramsay’ssensibilityandfemaleloveareinthefightagainstthehegemonyofmalelanguage.Mrs.Ramsay’sstrongsenseofresponsibilitywasalsoreflectedinhermissiontothelighthouse.Shewasknittingsocksforthekeepersofthelighthouse,andshewasbringingthemsomeoldmagazines,tobaccoandalltheuselessthingsinherhouse.Becauseshefeltitwasherdutytohelpandcareforthem,andshewasalsoveryresponsibleforeveryguest.Sheisveryhospitable.Mrs.RamsaywassympathetictoMr.Carmichaelwhosemarriagewasmisery.OnceMrs.RamsaywasreadytogotothetownbutstoppedatthetenniscourtandaskedMr.Carmichaelwhetherheneededsomething.Asamatteroffact,sheknewhedidnotlikeher.Mrs.Ramsaythinksshehastheresponsibilitytohelphimandshealsotriestoprotecthim.Shetreatseveryoneequallywhateverheorsheis.Thispointsuggeststheequalitythatthefeministviewadvocated.3.2AnewwomanwiththespiritofpursuingfreedomTheimageofthenewVictorianwomaninthelighthouse,Lilydaretopursuefreedom,anditwasinitselfthatofWoolf.Itisthroughtheanalysisandexplorationof“AngelintheHouse”,andMrs.Ramsayaswellasherselfwhoisthenewwomancanbetransformedandgrownup.AuthorsforLily’sfemaletemperamentfromforgettingtorecognitiontothejourneyoftranscendenceandrevealsthefemaleartistinthemale-dominatedsocietyinordertoachievetheiridealofdifficultandconfusing.Andthetruemeaningoffeminism,pointsoutthatonlyproducebisexualmindistherealwayofthewomen’sliberation.AtthebeginningofthepaintingforMrs.Ramsay,LilyfoundthatshecouldnotreallygrasptheinnerworldthatMrs.Ramsayhidundertheperfectexterior.Sothispaintinghasneverbeencompleted.InthehappymarriageoftheRamsaycouple,Lilynoticedtheincongruitybehindtheirmarriage.TheRamsaycoupleactuallybelongstoadifferentspiritualworld.Atthistime,LilyisconfusedandunabletoseethroughMrs.Ramsay’sinnerworld.Tenyearslater,whenLilyreturnedtothehousetopickuptheunfinishedpaintingwiththeRamsayfamily,Mrs.Ramsay’simageflashedthroughLily’smind.ShethoughtthatMrs.Ramsayspoiledthemenaroundherandgavethemallthetime.LilywasangrywithMrs.Ramsay.Whenshewasaloneagain,sherealizedthatMrs.Ramsayisactuallyalivingartist.AndshelikeLily,hasacommonpursuitofspiritthatiswillbeabriefmomentoflifeintheirownwaytotransformintoeternity.Lily’spaintingreflectedstrongfeministideas.ThetriangleinLily’spaintingshowsthatwomenplayavitalroleinsociety.Infirstchapter,LilypaintsforMrs.Ramsaywhoisreadingforherson.Thepaintinghasapurpletriangle,andLilythinksthatthestructureofafamilyislikeatriangle,andthatcontainswife,childrenandhusbandrespectively.Womenplayanessentialpartinsupportingthefamilystructureinthefamilyandplayanimportantpivotalroleinconnectingthehusbandwiththechildren.Lilyhighlightstheimportantcontributionswomenmaketotheirhusbandsandchildren.Iftherearenowomen,thefamilyisincompleteandinsecure;iftherearenowomen,itwouldbedifficultforhusbandsandchildrentomaintainharmoniousandfamilyhappiness.SowhileLilyrejectsmarriage,thereisnodoubtthatherrespectsandadmiresthecontributionsthatwomenmaketofamilyandsociety.InLily’spainting,shepaintedthetreesinthecenter,symbolizingtheimportanceofthefeministthoughts.Sheseesthetreeinthepaintingastheembodimentofthefemale.Inthepainting,thetreesareoftenusedasthescenery,playingtheroleoffoilandfoil,butthetreesareusuallythebackgroundinthepainting.Lilygavethespecialsymbolicmeaningforthetreesformanytimesinthepainting.Inhereyes,onbehalfofthevitality,endingandtreeslush,likewomenselflesslytendingtheirchildren,likethethickshadetrees.Womenhelptheirhusbandsandchildrenkeepfromtherainandthesun.Womenareselflesslydedicatedherlife.TakingthetreeasthecenterreflectsLily’sbeliefthatthetreeisextremelyimportant,andherdeterminationofpersonalidealsandtheimportanceofemphasizingherownvaluesreflectingLily’sfeministconsciousness.3.3Therealizationofself-consciousnessInthework“LilyhasapairofsmalleyesoftheChinesepeopleandawrinkledface.ShedidnotlooklikeMissDoyle’sfemininebeautyorcharm”(VirginiaWoolf,1992:168),thereisnodoubtthatLilyisnotabeautifulyoungwoman.Judgingbythetraditionalpatriarchalsociety,suchawomanwithouttherequisitebeautyandcharmisnotentitledtogetoutofmarriageandfamily.Shemustmakethepaintingartbelongingtothemaleprivilegeasherlifelongcareers,becauseLilyherselfhasreceivedthedegradation,exclusionandattackfromthemaleandthetraditionalfemale.Mrs.Ramsay”AngelintheHouse”isaperfectexampleoftherelentlessstranglingofLilyandherpaintingcareer.Atthebeginningofthework,Mrs.Ramsayassertedthat“youcan’ttakeherpicturestooseriously.”Shethoughtitwasjustanamusement.Inaddition,sheurgedLily”awomanwhohasneverbeenmarriedlosesthebestpartofherlife.”(VirginiaWoolf,1992:256)However,inthefaceofthedenigration,rejectionandattackofmaleandtraditionalfemalesinpatriarchalsociety,Lilydidnotgiveuptheresistance,andshefoughtbackwithheractualactions.Lilyinsistedonpaintingeventenyears,andherpassionforpaintingstillhasnotsubsided.InthefaceofMr.Ramsayblindly,Mrs.Ramsayforcedmarriage,toherbetweenherandMr.Banks.Lilyhasalwaysbeenabletosummonupthecouragetoforceherselfoutofthegeneralrule.AfterMrs.Ramsaydied,Lilythought”wecanignoreherwishesandgetridofherlimitedoldideas.”“Sheisgettingfartherandfartherawayfromus.”(VirginiaWoolf,1992:307)Adecadelater,theRamsayfamilyboardedthelighthouse,andLilydrewalineinthemiddleofthecanvasindicatingthatLilyhadfinishedthesublimationofthesoulandrealizedthephilosophyofunityofopposites.InTotheLighthouse,thoughthereareonlytwowomen,theyplaythevitalrolesinthenovel.EspeciallyMrs.Ramsay,shepraisedBloomsburythatmadethevalueoftheaesthetics,feminismandindependencereflectedadequately.Woolfmadegoodusethestyleofcalmness,eleganceandunderstatementtothelifestructureofhuman.Herliteraryviewandcreationjumpoutofthenatureofautobiographyatthebeginning,anditscanthefeministthemewiththepeacefulandbroadpoint.AsLilysaidattheendofthenovel,Mrs.Ramsayplaysamoreimportantroleingettingalongwithmen.Asamatteroffact,Mrs.Ramsaythinkssheshouldprotectthemenwiththesenseofresponsibility.Inheropinion,menshouldgovernthecountryandmanagethefinancialsituation.Andshebelievesthattheburdenmenundertookwillhurtthemandmakethemweakerandweaker,somenneedtobecomforted.Femaleissupposedtoprovidethehelptocomfortandtakecareofmen.EnlightenmentfromTotheLighthouseAsajourneyinlife,thepursuitoflifeandthesearchforthetruthinlife,peopleneedtopayagreatdealofpatienceandperseverance.Anditisalsosubjecttothelighthousearesymbolsofphilosophicaltopics.Woolfthoughtthatstillexistingamongtheeternalnoveljourneytothelighthouseisasymbolofthepeopletotheeternaldesireandpursuitofimmortality.Aftertwistsandturns,peoplestruggledthroughtheirowneffortsanditreachedtheendeventually.Allexternallivingconditionsdonotrepresentreallife.Onlythefeeling