《傲慢與偏見》里的婚姻觀

PAGE題目：MarriageinPrideandPrejudice《傲慢與偏見》里的婚姻觀PAGE5PAGE22AbstractPrideandPrejudiceisoneofAustin'sfamousworks.Thenoveldepictsfourmarriages,Lucas'srealmarriagetoCollins,Lydia'simpulsivemarriagetoWickham,Jane'sHappymarriagetoBentley,andElizabeth'sperfectmarriagetoDarcy.Thesemarriagesinthenovelcompletelyshowusthesocialsituationatthattime,thenovelthroughthefourkindsofmarriageinitiationprocessandstatedetailsofthedescription,analysisanddiscussion,thesideoftheauthorAustin'sviewofmarriage.ThispaperdiscussestheconceptofmarriageinPrideandprejudicethroughadetailedanalysisoffourmarriagesinthetext.Theexistenceofloveisthepremiseofmarriagehappiness,economicconditionsaretheprotectionofmarriage,thetwocomplementeachother,indispensable;therightmarriageshouldrespecteachother,loveeachother.Meanwhile,JaneAustenthroughPrideandPrejudice,embodiesherownviewofmarriage:itiswrongtomarryforproperty,moneyandstatus,anditisfoolishtomarrywithoutregardtotheeconomy.Austinhasbeenhoveringrationallyandemotionally,withtheultimateemotiondefeatingrationalandlovereplacingmoney.Sheplacedmoreemphasisontheimportanceofidealmarriageandusedthefeelingsofmenandwomenasthecornerstoneoftheconclusionofanidealmarriage,breakingthroughtheorthodoxconceptofthetimesandbringinginspirationtopeople.Althoughmoneyistheauxiliarybasisofmarriage,itwillmakemarriagehappierandmoreharmonious,butloveisthecornerstoneofmarriage.Keywords:PrideandPrejudiceMarriageLoveSocialStatus

摘要《傲慢與偏見》是奧斯汀的著名作品之一，小說中描寫了四段婚姻，分別是盧卡斯與柯林斯的現(xiàn)實(shí)婚姻，莉迪亞與威克姆的沖動(dòng)婚姻，簡與賓利的幸?；橐鲆约耙聋惿着c達(dá)西完美的婚姻。這些婚姻完全向我們展示了當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)情況，小說通過對四種婚姻起始過程與狀態(tài)細(xì)節(jié)的描寫、分析和討論，側(cè)面烘托出作者奧斯汀的婚姻觀。這篇論文就是通過對文中四段婚姻的詳細(xì)分析，來探討《傲慢與偏見》里的婚姻觀。愛情的存在是婚姻幸福的前提，經(jīng)濟(jì)條件則是婚姻的保障，二者相輔相成，缺一不可；正確的婚姻應(yīng)該相互尊重，相互愛慕。與此同時(shí)，簡·奧斯汀通過《傲慢與偏見》體現(xiàn)了她自己的婚姻觀:為了財(cái)產(chǎn)、金錢和地位而結(jié)婚是錯(cuò)誤的,不考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)就結(jié)婚是愚蠢的。奧斯丁一直在理性和情感上徘徊,最終的情感擊敗理性和愛取代金錢。她更加強(qiáng)調(diào)理想婚姻的重要性,并將男女感情作為締結(jié)理想婚姻的基石,突破正統(tǒng)的時(shí)代觀念,給人們帶來靈感。雖然金錢是婚姻的輔助基礎(chǔ),它將使婚姻更幸福、更和諧,但愛情是婚姻的基石。關(guān)鍵詞：傲慢與偏見婚姻愛情社會(huì)地位ContentsAbstract=1\*romani摘要=2\*romaniiContents=3\*romaniii1Introduction…………...…….………52MarriageinPrideandPrejudice………….………………...…..…………..………62.1MarriageofBennetandhiswife………….…62.2MarriageofJaneandBingley………..………72.3MarriageofElizabethandDarcy………………...…………..72.4MarriageofLydiaandWickham………...………….……….72.5MarriageofLucasandCollins…………………..…………..83TheDifferentUnderstandingaboutMarriageinPrideandPrejudice……………..83.1Marriagebasedonmoney…………………...93.2Marriagebasedonlust……………………...123.3Marriagebasedonlove……………………..133.4Theidealmarriage………...………….……..154TheAuthor’sviewsonmarriage…...……………..……..………164.1Marriageoftruelove……………………164.2Equalandrespectfulmarriage.…………...…164.3Sensualandrationalmarriage………………175TheEnlightenmentofJaneAusten’sviewofloveandmarriage…….……….……186Conclusion…………………….………….………...21Acknowledgement……………………22References……………231IntroductionJaneAusten,whowasbornin1775inSteventon,Hampshire,England,haseightbrothersandsisters.Shewasnotalong-livedwriter,shebecameseriouslyillinearly1816,herbodywasweakening,andunfortunatelydiedinhersister'sarmsonJuly18,1817.Austinwasnotaprolificwriter,althoughshewroteherfirstnovel,theoriginalimpression,attheageof21(rewrittenafter19years,thatthePrideandPrejudice).Inhercreativecareer,therewereonlysixrepresentativeworks.ThisdoesnotinanywaydiminishAustin’splaceinEnglishliterature,ithasbecomeincreasinglyimportantwiththepassageoftime.Eventoday,herreadersareontheincrease.Herworkshavebeenrepeatedlyadaptedintofilms,TVdramas,deeplylovedbythemajorityoftheaudience.Thecritic,ToddMcCoy,oncepraised,“Thewriter’sapproachtotheMaster(Shakespeare)isnodoubtanAustin,thewomanistheprideofBritain.Shecreatedalargenumberofcharactersforus...”Shehasnotbeenmarriedforlife.Asayoungwoman,sheisintelligent,beautiful,nolackofcharm.ShewassimilartoElizabeth,theheroineofthework.Butunfortunately,frommorethan10yearsaftertheageof10,shefacedalargenumberofsuitorshavebeenunabletofindherownhalf,belongingtoherownhappiness,andeventuallygaveupheremotionaldestination.Inthisnovel,theauthorexpressesherexpectations.Attheendof18thcentury,thewholeofEuropebegantopreach“freedom,equality,fraternity”,andpeoplebegantoseekthefreeexpressionofemotion.Infact,thebourgeoisiestillmeasureshumanvaluesbymoney,andpeoplearemoredependentonmoneytomaintainthem.(DongNa,2013)ThenovelwascreatedinBritainattheendof18thcentury,whenthestatusofBritishwomenhasbeengreatlyimproved,themostdirectmanifestationofwhichisthemarriagefreedomthatemergedinEnglandatthattime.ButBritainwasstillapatriarchalsociety,andwomen’ssocialstatuswasrelativelyhumble.Atthattime,themarriagemarketwasdeterminedbymoneyandthestatus,andthefeelingsofbothmenandwomenweresecondary.Mencouldinheritthefamily’sheritageandtitles,withanindependentandsolidsourceoffinancialresources.Itwasnoteasyforwomentogetadecentjob,theycannotbefinanciallyindependent,andtheyhadnoothermeansofobtainingfinancialsecuritythanmarriage.Allthismadethewomenofthetimekeenonmarriageandregardedmarryingamanofhighsocialstatusandeconomicstrengthasalifelonggoal.Mostwomenchosetomarryforlife,formoney,andforproperty.MarriageinPrideandPrejudiceInPrideandPrejudice,authordescribesseveraldifferentkindsofmarriageandviewsofmarriagevividly,andthenputsforwardherownconceptofmarriage.Theheroineofthestory,Elizabeth,comesfromasmalllandownerfamilywithfoursisters.Hersister’snameisJane,LydiaandLucas.Themonotonousandslightlycalmlifeofthefivechangedwiththearrivaloftwoyoungmen.BingleyandDarcyareagoodfriend,aftermeetingthe“fivegoldenflowers”oftheBennet,abeautifulandfullof“prideandprejudice”lovebegan.Bennet’seldestdaughter,Jane,wasgentleanddemure,butherpersonalitywasreserved,andshealwayskeptherlady’sdemeanor,andherunionwithBentleywasacomplete“ritual”,amodelof“freechoice”inthebourgeoisstate.Elizabethwasawomanofhighself-esteem,andwhenDarcycollectedherarrogance,Elizabethdispelledherprejudices,andtheyfellinlovewitheachotherandeventuallytowardsagoodmarriagehall.Lucasisaveryrealisticandrationalperson,inthesocialstatus,economicandphysicalconditionsofpoorcircumstances,shechoseapartofthepropertybutnolovemarriage.MissLydiaismoreimprudent,bytheofficerWickhamConfused,aftermarriagetwopeopleappeartoeachotherwiththephenomenonofnotspecialized,lifeisonceprofligate,livingbeyondthemeans,theirmarriageisnotbasedonloveatall.2.1MarriageofBennetandhiswifeBetweenhusbandandwife,jokesaretheseasoningoflife.Alongmarriagewillmakeahappyandharmoniouslovegraduallybecomeboring.Twopeopleunderthesameroof,itisaterriblethingtoseeeachother.Apersonisthesame,ifoneselfcannotmakefunofothers,orbemadefunofothers,lifewillbetoorigidandboring.That'swhathappenedtotheBennetcouple’smarriage.WhenMr.BingleyrentedtheNetherfieldGarden,Mrs.Bennetsawhimasablessingandpropertyforhisdaughters,andwenttoaskMr.Bennettovisit.Mr.Bennethadalwaysthoughtthathiswifewasintellectuallypoorandunlearned.Sohemadefunofhiswifeandsaid,“Iseenooccasionforthat.Youandthegirlsmaygo,oryoumaysendthembythemselves,whichperhapswillbestillbetter;for,asyouareashandsomeasanyofthem,Mr.Bingleymightlikeyouthebestoftheparty.”TheelusiveMr.Bennet,thoughsayingitwasn’thisaffair,madefunofhiswife’sshallowness.Buthehadhisownabacusinmind,andvisitedMr.Bingley,andwasoneofthefirsttovisit.Later,Mr.BingleyreturnvisitedBennet,Janealsohadthefateoflove.Mr.Bennet,anearly19th-centuryEnglishman,lovedthecountrysideandenjoyedhisowntimebyreading.HewasawisemanwhobroughtBritishhumortothefullest.Hewasnotverysatisfiedwithhismarriage,whenhewasyoung,becauseofhisgreedforhiswife’sbeauty,hetookawifewithapoorintellectualmind.“Sosoonafterthemarriage,hisdeepaffectionforhiswifecametotheend.Themutualrespectandlovebetweenhusbandandwife,andpushtheheart,aregonewithoutatrace,hisidealoffamilyhappinessiscompletelyoverturned.”Mrs.Bennet’sfunnywordsandignoranceareexpressedinthenovel.ThewiseElizabethcouldalsoseethathermother’smannerswerealwayshumiliating,andMr.DarcythoughtthatMrs.Bennet’smannersmadeherlesslikelytobecomeanobleman.ThemarriageofBennetandhiswifeisliketwopeopleonaseesaw.Thatequilibriumfulcrumisthespiritofequality.2.2MarriageofJaneandBingleyInAusten’smind,Jane’sloveforBingleyissocialandconventional,buttrue.Jane’scharacterleadstoJane’smarriageformation.(WangLili,2013)Jane’smarriagewithBingleyisbasedonlove.TheUnionofJaneandBingleyisafamilyoflovers,andinthewholenovel,althoughtheyarehappytogetheratlast,itisalsothroughallkindsofdifficultiesandteststhattheyfinallyenterthepalaceofmarriage.Theirmarriagehasbothemotionalbasisandmaterialconditions,canbesaidtobebeauty,happy,naturalmatch.Inthenovel,JaneistheeldestsisteroftheBennetfamily,andJaneisaperfectwomaninAustin’snovel.Herbeautywasunparalleled,andatthefirstmeetBingleyfellinlovewithher,herbehaviorwasgracefulandgenerous,andshealsolovedBingley.Hergoodnesswasunmatched,andwhenBingleyleftwithoutsayinggoodbyeinthemiddleoftheday,shedidnotblamehimtoomany.Buttobearallthepainalone,herwisdomwasadmirable,andwhenshethoughtthathersisterElizabethhadchosentomarryDarcyforthesakeofwealth,sheadmonishedhersisterthatahappymarriagedidnotexistifitwasnotbasedonemotion.Suchaperfectwomancouldonlybeworthyofatruegentleman,andBingleywastypicalofagentleman,hewasasincere,lovelyyoungman.Hewasapproachableandhadacommitmenttolove.ButhislackofcourageandindependentthinkingbecameabondageofhishappymarriagetoJane.Therearemanysimilaritiesintheircharacters:bothofthemarepopular,friendly,beautifulinappearance,andtheyhavetreatedeachotherasbelongingtotheirownlife.2.3MarriageofElizabethandDarcyThemarriageofDarcyandElizabethwasoneofthemostimportantmarriagesinthenovel.PerhapspeoplethoughtitwasnaturalforDarcytofallinlovewithElizabeth.However,afterunderstandingtheconceptofthe18th-centuryBritishhierarchy,itbecameclearthatDarcy’sactionsrequiredagreatdealofconfidenceandcourage.Asaresultoftheinfluenceoftheenvironment,Elizabethisclever,andgoodatobservant.Inhersubconsciousmind,thereisaninstinctiveresistancetothehaughtyaristocracy,whichistheresultofasenseofself-preservation.Darcycomesfromanoblebackgroundandnevertakescareofotherpeople’semotions.Heiskind,sincere,politeandhelpful.Thiskindofinternalheatandcoldcharacter,itiseasytobemistakenforthestyleofdude.Attheball,DarcywasintroducedtoElizabeth,andthemasteraskedDarcytoinvitehertodance,andDarcyrefusedbecauseheheardthevulgarwordsofElizabeth’smother,thearrogantactmadeElizabethmisunderstandDarcy.WhenElizabethheardthatBingleyhadleftwithoutsayinggoodbyebecauseofDarcy’spersuasion,lookedattheincreasinglyhaggardJane,Elizabeth’sprejudiceagainstDarcygrew.WhenElizabethheardtheofficerWickhamsaidthatDarcyhadstrippedhimofhisproperty,Elizabeth’sprejudiceagainstDarcywasunstoppable.Darcy,atfirst,feltthatElizabethwasaninsolentwoman,andlatergrewtolikeherbecauseofherclevernessandvivacity.ElizabethstillmisunderstoodDarcy,sowhenDarcyfirstproposedtoher,sherefused.ThenElizabethgraduallyfoundDarcy’smerits.Hisaffectionforhissister,histhoughtfulnesstohisfriendBingley,histoleranceforElizabeth,andallthevirtuesthatmadeElizabethfinallyfallinlovewithDarcy,andDarcychangedhisinsolent,andeventuallybothofthemcametogether.SuchawaveofmarriagehasmadeDarcyandElizabeth’sfeelingsincreasinglystrong,whichisthebasisofthisperfectmarriage.2.4MarriageofLydiaandWickhamLydia’smarriagetoWickhamistheleastpopularofallthemarriagesdescribedinthenovel.Theirunionisduetothemutualattractionofappearance,loveisalsobasedondesire.Thisso-called“Love”,basedonsex,lacksasolidfoundation.IntheWest,marriageisamoreimportantfactor,thesatisfactionofsexualrelationsandharmonyisahappymarriage,secondonlytolove.(ChenYan,2013）Theirloveisdoomednottosucceed.WickhamwasanofficerinthemilitiaSelf-defensecorps,withahandsomeappearance,goodatflatteryandfabricatingstories.WhenhefirstarrivedinthevillageofLongbourn,hisappearanceearnedhimtheaffectionoftheBennetsisters,andevenElizabeth,whohadalwaysbeensane,inadvertentlybecameobsessedwithhis“delightful”appearance.AndtherealWickhamwasinfactanattempttotemptDarcy’ssistertoelope,deceivingDarcy’smoney.Later,whenhislieswererevealedandElizabethstoppedtalkingtohim,heseducedElizabeth’ssister,Lydia,toelopewithhim.LydiawastheyoungestdaughterofBennet’sfamily,usuallybehavinginadisorderlymanner,completelyuncultured,andshewaswithWickhamsimplybecauseofhishandsomeappearance,soitwasreasonableforthetwoofthemtoelope.TheWickhamwaseventuallymarriedonthepremisethatDarcyhadpaidWickhamalargesumofmoneytomarrywithLydia,andthatthenatureofthemarriagewasunethical.AndLydiaonlyvaluetheappearanceandignoretheconnotationofpeople,inordertoherownlust,regardlessofherownfamily’sworries,regardlessofethicalconstraints,andultimatelyproducedonlythebitterfruitofmarriage.ThemarriedWickhamcouple,withnosourceofmoney,combinedwithWickham’sweakness,ledMrs.Wickhamtooftencrytohersistersabouthermisery.Togetmarriedhastilybecauseofamomentoflust,suchamarriageisunfortunateandfailed.2.5MarriageofLucasandCollinsThemarriageofLucasandCollinswasbasedmoreonsatisfyingtheinterestsofbothsidesthanonlove.Bothofthemareallrealisticandknowwhattheywant.AustinisnotoptimisticaboutCollinsandLucas’marriage,buttheirunionisthemostcommonloveofourtimeandshouldnotbebelittledinasense.Mr.Collinsisoneofthekeyfiguresinthetext,andhismarriagerunscountertoJaneAusten'sviewofmarriage.(DengYanLin,2010)ThroughCollins,wesawthesocialnecessityofmarriage.AlthoughhismarriagewasnotasperfectasDarcy,itwasinlinewiththetraditionalconceptofmarriageofthesocietyatthattimeandmorerealistic.ReverendCollinswasaverycomicfigureinPrideandPrejudice.AsadistantcousinoftheBennetsisters,andasthesolemaleheirtoBennet’sproperty,hedecidedtomarrywithMissLucasashiswifeinordertoreducethelossofhisfamily.First,CollinsproposedtoJane,Janerefusedhisproposal.ThenCollinsturnedtoElizabeth,hethoughtthatwhenElizabethwasproposed,thewoman’sanswerwouldbemoreimplicit.Elizabethalsorespondedhim,butCollinsmisunderstoodthatElizabethwasencouraginghim,anditwasonlyintheendthathediscoveredthatElizabethhadnointentionofagreeingtohisproposalatall.ReverendCollins,whohadbeenrejectedtwotimes,wasnotdiscouraged,andinhiseyesmoneyandstatushadbeenpossessed,heneedsawifewhowasabletoobeyhimselfandbeabletotakecareofthehousework,soheproposedtoCharlotteLucas,whoalsowantedtobecontentwithherownbenefit,andthetwoimmediatelymarried.ForCharlotteLucas,whohadreachedtheageof27,itwasablessingtofindsomeonewhowouldkeepherfortherestofhermindinthecontextoftheideaofbourgeoismarriageatthetime.Asfarasmarriageisconcerned,itisanextremelysadthing,becauseshehaswealthandstatus,butshedoesnothavetheessenceofmarriage-love.TheDifferentUnderstandingaboutLoveandMarriageinPrideandPrejudiceSinceancienttime,peoplewhohaveembarkedonthepathofmarriagewillbeaffectedbytheirnaturalandsocialattributes.Therefore,whenitcomestomarriage,peoplehavetofacetheconflictbetweenidealandreality.Theidealmarriagebasedonloveisthethemeoftheclassicstory,PrideandPrejudicedonotexaggeratethepoweroflovebeyondreality,norwillitshapeamarriagethatbreaksthroughrealityforlove.Thisisarationalrealisticwork,describingseveraldifferenttypesofmarriage,notonlyinvolvingemotions,butalsocloselyrelatedtotheeconomy.ThecombinationofElizabethandDarcyhappenstobetheidealmarriagepursuedbytheauthor,bothonthebasisofloveandwithmaterialsecurity.3.1MarriagebasedonmoneyInPrideandPrejudice,moneyandlovemarriagesareofteninseparableandindelible.Inthenovel,whenpeopletalkaboutmarriage,thereisalwaysashadowofmoney,andoneofthemosttypicalexamplesofthechoiceofmoneyformarriageisthecombinationofReverendCollinsandCharlotte.Charlotte’sMarriage’smarriageisatypicalexample.Sheknowsthatthemarriagewithoutpropertywouldeventuallymovetowarddisappointmentandsuffering.Withoutthinkinghighlyeitherofmenorofmatrimony,marriagehadalwaysbeenherobject;itwastheonlyhonorableprovisionforwell-educatedyoungwomenofsmallfortune,andhoweveruncertainofgivinghappiness,mustbetheirpleasantestpreservativefromwant.ThisistheCharlotte’smarriage;apparentlythismarriage’skeyismoney.(ZhongWeixuan,2010)CollinschoseCharlotteashiswife,apparentlynotbecausehefellinlovewithher,explaininginthetextthereasonsforhismarriage,whenCollinsproposedtoElizabeth,“First,Ithinkeverywell-offpriestshouldsetanexampletotheparishinmarriage;andsecond,Ibelievethatmarriagewillgreatlyenhancemyhappiness.Thisshouldperhapshavebeenraisedearlier,andtheladywhomIhadtheprivilegeofservingasLordhadspecificallyadvisedmetomarry.”SowhenElizabethturneddownCollins’proposal,hedidnothesitatetoturnhismarriagetoMissCharlotte.Collinswasinahurrytogetmarried,notoutofpersonalneed,buttofulfilltheweddingassignmentassignedtohimbyMrs.DeBoer,whomheadored.Asforwhotheotherpersonis,itdoesn'tmatterifthetwohavefeelingstogether.AndMissCharlottewasayoungladyofaristocraticorigin,anditwasenough.Collins,amanwhodidnotknowhowtoloveandrunamarriage,lookedalittleclumsyandlaughable,lackinginmanhoodbutconceited.Hismarriagewas,inpart,guidedbytheprevailingconceptofmarriageinsocietyatthetime:“Ithasbecomeauniversallyrecognizedtruththatanybachelorwithpropertymustmarryawife.”Charlotte,arguablyathoughtfulandrationalwomaninPrideandPrejudice,wasthefirsttoseeDarcyinterestedinElizabethandtoexpresstoElizabethherconcernforthedevelopmentofJaneandBentley’sfeelings(whichturnedouttobecorrect).Charlotte'sclevernessisimpressive,butevenmorelamentableishershrewdchoiceofhermarriage.Shewaswellawareoftheuniversalnatureofupper-middleclassmarriageinBritishsocietyatthetime.ThematerialfactorwasanimportantfactorinthemarriedlifeofBritishsocietyfrom18thcenturyto19thcentury.Charlotteisacleverwoman.ShehadlongseenthatMr.Collinswasneitherreasonablenorlikeable,andthatitwastiresometogetalongwithhim,andthathisloveforhermusthavebeen“mirror.”(Althusser,2005:314)Butshechosehimasahusband，becausethemarriagewhichCharlottechosewasthemostcomfortablesafepracticeforwomen,makingsuretheywerenotfrozenandhungry,anddidnotneedtoworryabouttheirhusbandshearts,andthatasforthehappinessofmarriage,itwouldbeputonthebackburner.SowhenElizabethvisitedherfriends,shefoundthat“Mr.CollinssometimessaidsomethingthatwasembarrassingforCharlotte,andCharlottewasalwayswisetopretendnottohear.”AndCharlottetookhissisterandElizabethalonetovisitthehouse,shewasveryhappy.ItseemsthatifCollinsdoesnotexist,thereisarealatmosphereofcomfort.TheLucasfamilyalsobelongedtothearistocraticclass,andbetween16and18thcentury,theBritisharistocracy“marriagewasnotaprivateunionthatmetthepsychologicalandphysicalneedsoftheindividual,butaninstitutionalstrategytoensurethecontinuationofthefamilyanditsproperty.”Aristocraticmarriagesarelargelysubjecttotheinterestsofthefamily,andtheypaygreatattentiontotheeconomicbenefitsofmarriage.(Wrightson,1982:80)Thisisespeciallytrueformanyaristocratsinfinancialdifficulties.Asaresult,Charlotte,whobelongstothecrumblingaristocraticfamily,didnothavemuchconsiderabledowry,norwasitabletoriseforexpensive,andwasforcedtomarryCollins,whichwasactuallyahelplesschoice.AndinBritainattheendof18thcenturyandearly19thcentury,itwasalsoamale-centeredera,withinequalitybetweenmenandwomenandaverylowsocialstatus.Thelawstipulatesthatwomendonotownpropertyinheritancerightsandthatfamilylifeisconsideredtobethebestplaceforwomen.Inorderforwomentosurvive,toobtaintheprotectionoflifeand“financialguarantee”,marriageisashortcutandtheonlyway.Thisledtothemarriageatthattimenotonlyasthefateoflove,butalsoasameansof“earningaliving”,itisinevitablethatsomethingseeminglyabsurdwillappear.Moreover,Marxoncesaidthatthepositionofwomenintheirrelationswithmenallowsustojudgetheextentofcertainspecificsocialfreedomsandfreedoms.ThisisCharlotteandCollins’marriage,anditisclearthatthekeytoachievingthismarriageismoney.ForCollins,suchalifesatisfieshim,andthe“purpose”ofmarriagehasbeenfulfilled.AndCharlotte“bywhatmeanstodrivethehusband,howmuchmeasuretotoleratehim,havetoadmit,thingshandledquitewell.”Suchamarriage,whichismaintainedbymoneyandwealth,isnotperfect,butitisalsoakindofmarriageafterall.Inthismarriage,thereisnofeelingofwarmthandhappinessbetweenCharlotteandCollins,justadullandblandlife.Perhapsitisonlywhentheybreedthenextgenerationthattheyproducealoveforeachother-loveforthenextgeneration,carefortheirchildren,andtheirmarriagemaynotbesoboringbythen.Austindidnotappreciatesuchamarriage,andthroughherwords,amockeryofthemarriagecouldbefelt.Butfromourmodernpointofview,Charlottemadesuchachoice,butalsoforcedbytherealityofhelplessnessah.Theyearsdonotleavepeople,forhersuchanoldgirl,thereisafateseemstobethemostimportant.Manypeoplecertainlywon'tappreciateCharlotte'schoice,butweshouldtrytounderstandandforgiveher.3.2MarriagebasedonlustInPrideandPrejudice,oneofthemostabsurdandunpopularmarriages,itisthemarriageofLydiaandWickham.Theauthordidnotevenhaveapositiveaccountofhowthetwocametogetherandthenranaway.It'susedsimplyaletterfromJaneandAuntGardnertoElizabethtoletthereaderknowaboutthesituation.Itisdifficulttosaythatthereisanylovebetweentwopeople,evenifreluctantly,itcanonlyberegardedasthe“sensuallove”producedbytheBlindPassion.Austinhadacriticalattitudetowardstheirmarriage,andLydia’sfrivolity,recklessness,andignorancehadnotchangedevenattheendofthenovel,andweweredisgustedbyWickham’scunning,ambition,andshallowness.Reason、emotionandmoralitycanbesaidtobethemostimportantpartofthespirituallevelofmarriage,andthismarriagedoesnothaveanyofthem,thefailureoftheirmarriagehaslongbeendoomed.Marriageisbasedontheeventualestablishmentofthemarriageanddeterminesthenatureofthemarriage.Marriageinthewestismorefocusedonthefactorsofsex,andintheirview,themainrewardofmenandwomenunionisthesatisfactionofsexualrelations.Foralongtime,Westernershavetheideathatmarriageisforloveandseekingapartner,orforsexualharmony,toavoidloneliness.Lydiaisusedtoindulginginthepursuitofmen,“aslongastheyareseducedbyothers,whowillbehooked.”“Shechoseaman’sstandard,justtolookattheotherperson’sfaceisnotbeautiful.”Whenabeautifulmanappears,herattentionwillsoonbefocused.Astowhetherheisinlovewitheachother,shedoesnotcareatall,butalsodonotcareiftheotherpersonreallyloveher.Weisaid:“Ofallthelove,thestrongest,themostconfusing,andthemostlackinginstabilityissex.”“Soamarriagebasedonsexalwaysinvolvesa"hiddencrisis.”(LiGuimei,2006)Thisgender-basedmarriagehasadistinctpersonalnatureandlacksstability.Marriageisapersonalmatter,notdirectlyrelatedtoothers,soitiseasiertomakedecisionsandtakeaction,thereisnothingtoholdbackandundisturbed.Loveitselfisunstableandisthemostelusivepartofhumanemotion.Thereisalsoatendencyto"Achillesheel"inhumannature,thusexacerbatingtheinstabilityofmarriagebasedonsex.(WeiZhengtong,1988:250）LydiaandWickham’smarriage