2023年考研英語一真題(含答案及解析)【可編輯】

2023年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語(一)試題CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongthevillageandwereusuallyfunThisword"Caravanserais"isa34__groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogethermerchants,travellers 6oftheCaravanseraisincreasedandtheyservedasasafvellersontheSilkRoad7possconditions.Forthisreason,Caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced9theycouldbereachewithtravelerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs3talkingknowledgewiththegreatly14__thedevelopmentofsCaravanseraiswerealsoanimpB.insteadofB.evenif13.A.withregardtoB.inspiteofTheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,buwillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeetinginAustinthismonthaPatHardy,whosympathizedwithviewsoftheenergysector,isresistingtheproposedchangetosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.ThesewouldemphasisetheprimacyofhumanactivityinrecentclimatechangeandencouragediscussionofmitigationmeasuMostscientistsandexpertssharplydisworkofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguidedocommunicationsstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,anon-profitgroupthatmonitorspeducation,“WhatmillionsofTexaskidslearnintheirpublicschoolsisdetermithepoliticalideologyofpartisanboardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship.”Suchdebatereflectsfiercediscussiondiscussionsaresearchers,policymakers,teachersandstudentsstepupdemAstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,anon-profitgroupofscientistsandteachers,lookingathowstatepubchangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstatesagradeB+orhigperformersweresomeofthemostpopulousstates,includingTexas,whichwasgiventhelowestgrade(F)andhasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseitstisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythaEvenifastateisconsideredahighperformerinitsscAnotherissueisthatwhcurriculaforyoungerchildrenandinsubjectsthatarchemistry.ItisalsolessprominentinmBranchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesandtextbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducationalperspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.Theyincludematerialssponsoredbylibertarian21.Inparagraph1,theweatherinTexB.stresstheconsequencesC.indicatetheatmosphereattheboardm22.WhatdoesQuinnthinkB.shedeniesthevalueofscieC.sheshowsnoconcsheexpressesself-contradenvironmentalteachinginsomeA.callforregularrevisiA.sagreetomajorpublicdemandsB.reflectsteachers’peCommunitiesthroughouttheregionhavebeenattemptingtoregulateshort-termsiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Now,withrecord-highhomepricesandhistoricallylowinventory,there'sanincreasedurgencyinthatdeveloperswillcomeinandbuyupswathsInNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1percenadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillputfurthemarket.ThestateLegislaturerecentlyvotedagainstabillthatwouldtocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-term“Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalhousing,soanytimeyou'retakingthetooloutofthetoolkitforcommunitiestoaddressthis,you'repotentiallytakingsupplyoffthemarketthat'salreadyincrediblystressed,"saidNickTaylor,executivedirectoroftheWCoalitionoftheGreaterSeacoast.WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsouthernNewtowns,“employersarehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,andworkHowever,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,acrucialpartoftheeconomiesinplaceslikeNantucket,CapeCod,orthetownsthatmakeupNewHampshire'sSeacoastaLakesRegion,pointedoutRyanCastle“Alotofworkersareservicingthetouristindustry,andthetourismindustryisservicedbythosepeoplecominginshortterm,”CasShort-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,saidKerenHorn,anaffordhousingpolicyexpertattheUniversityofMassachusettsBoston."Ithinkindividualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagoodthing.Ifit'stheirvacationhomeanyway,andit'sjustempty,whycan'tyoumakemoneyoffit?"Hornsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopersattempttcreatelarge-scaleshort-termrentalfacilities—defactohotels—tobypasstaxesandregulations.“Ithinkthequestionis,shouldn'tadeveloperwho'sreallybuildingahotel,bAttheendof2018,GovernorCharlieBakersignedabilltoreininthosepotentialinvestor-buyers.“Thebillrequireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwiththestate,mandatestheycinsurance,andopensthepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofaBostontookthingsevenfurther,limitingwhoisauthorizedtorentouttheirhome,andrerenterstoregisterwiththecity'sInspectionalServicesDepartmenHornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitotherTheonlywaytosolvetheissue,however,isbycreatingmorehousing."Ifwewanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneiswehavetobuildalotmore.”26.WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?B.ItscommunitiesareinC.ItsrentalvacancyrateisgoingD.ItshomepricesareunderstrictB.ensurethesupplyofcC.punishillegaldealings28.ComparedwithCastle,TaylorismorelikeA.furtherinvestmentinlocaltourism.C.strictmanagementofrealestateagentD.afavorablepolicyforshort-termA.Theurgencytoupgradeshort-termrentalB.Thecflicicntoperationofthelocalhousingmarkct.C.ThenecessitytostopdevelopersIromcD.Theproperproceduresforrentingoutspare30.HornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequiC.anunnecessarymeasure.Ifyou'reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstonesinsearchoftheDuchessofSussex'snewchildren'sbookTheBench,youmighthavetobepreparedtohuntarsamemaybetrueofThePresident'sDaughter,thenewthrillerbyBillClintonandJamesPatterson.BothofthesebooksarepublishednextweekbyPenguinRandomHouse,acompanycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-offwithWaterstones.Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPenguinRandomHouseconfirmedthatiintroducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones“ataverysBooksellerreportedthatWaterstonesbranchmanagerswerebeingtoldtoremovtotheirrelevantsections".“WaterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreducedcredittermsfromPRH,theonlypublisherintheUKtoplaceanylimitationsonourabilitytotrade.Wearenotboycotaredoingourutmosttoensurethatavailabilityforoveralllevelsofstock.Wedothisgenerallybygivingtheirtitleslessprominentpositioningwithinourbookshops.“Wearehopefulwithourshopsnowopenagainthatnormaandthatwewillbeallowedtobuyappropriately.Certainly,ourshopsarbooksalesareverystrong.Thesalesforourthenewtitlesfromthecountry'sbiggestpublishertobeprominentlydisplayedbyitsbiggestbookretailer.Big-namePRHauthoronWaterstonesstaffspassionforpromotingbooksbylesser-knownwriters,whowillbeprayingItcomesatatimewhenauthorsarealreadyworriedabouttheconsequemergerbetweenPRHandanotherbigpublisher,Simon&SchusteofunalignedUKpublishersislikelytoleadtofewerbiddingwars,loweradvances,andmoreconformityintermsofwhatispublished.AndonewondersifPRHwouldhavebeenconfidentenoughtodealwithWaterstonesinthewayithasifitwformedwiththemergerofPenguinandRandomHousein2013)andlikelytogetbigger.“Thisisallpartofawiderchangetowardsconcentrationofpowerandcartels.Literaryagenciesaregettingbiggertohavetheclouttonegotiatebettertermswithpublishers,consolidatingtodealwithAmazintermsofauthorsandstaffbutitalsoneedsapluralityofwaysofdeliveringintellectualcontact,choiceanddifferentvoices.Afterall,manyofthemostinterestingbooksinrecentyearshavecomefromsmallpublishers.”Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneedamongpub31.theauthormentionstwobooksinthepar32.WhydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevantsectiA.tomakethemeasilynoticeabA.theircustomersremainB.thecreditlimitwillberD.thebookmarketisratherslack34.WhatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdiASalesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderablyBLesser-knownPRHwritersbecomethetargetofcriticismCWaterstonesstaffhesitatetopromoteb34.WhichofthefollowingstatemenDThemergerofpublishersisaworryingtrendScientificpapersaretherecordkeepersofprogressinresearch.Eachyearresearcherspublishmillionsofpapersinmorethan30,000journals.Thescientificcommunitymeasuresthequalityofthosepapersinanumberofways,includingtheperceivedqualityofthejournal(asreflectedbythetitle'simpactfactor)andthenumberofcitationsaspecificpaperaccumulates.Thecareersofscientistsandthereputationoftheirinstitutionsdependonthenumberandprestigeofthepaperstheyproduce,butevenmoresoonthecitationsattractedbythesepInrecentyears,therehavebeenseveralepisodesofscientificfraud,inclumade-updata,massagedordoctoredfigures,multiplepubcompletearticles,plagiarismofanotherwaytoartificiallyboostthenumberofcitationstotheirwork.Citationcartels,wherejournals,authors,andinstituthaveexistedforalongtime.In2016,researccitationpatterns,includinggroupsofauthorsthatdisproportionatelyciteoneanotherofjournalsthatciteeachotherfrequentlytoincreasetheimpactfactorsoftheirpublications.Recently,Icameacrossyetanotherexpressionofthispredatorybehavior:so-cserviceconsultanciesthatprovidelanguageandothjournalssometimesadvisecontributorstoaddanumberofcitationstotheirarticlesandthearticlesofcolleagues.SomeoftheseconsultanciesarealsoactiveinorganizingconferenccanadvisethatcitationsbeaddedtoconferenceproceedidrivehundredsofcitationsinthedirectionofhisownarticlesorthoseofcolleaguesthatmaybeinHowinsidiousisthistypeofcitationmanipulation?Inoneexample,anauthor,editor,andconsultant—wasabletouseatpublishedbyfivescientistsatthreeuniversities.Theproblemisrincludesahighnumberoacriteriontobetargetedinthistypeofcitationmanipulation.36Accordingparagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbedeterminedbyAhowmanycitationstheirworksco37ThesupportseryiArecommendedjournalstotheirclientsBlistcitationpatternsfo38thefunctionofthemiAboostcitationcountsforcBhelpscholarspublisCinstructfirsttiDincreasethereadershipofnewjournals39.WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfAItfosterscompetitionamongcitationpBIthasthecapabilitytoidentifysuCIthindersthegrowthofinternationaljournalsDItisestablishedtopreventcitationman40.WhatshouldanauthordotodealwiA.Lastyearmarksthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstonephotographsbytherenownedlandscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.Hecapturedthefirst-evershotsoficonindmarkssuchastheTetons,OldFaithfulandtheColoB.Twocenturiesago,thei tomanyU.S.settlers.OneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationeffortandrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticular—cameintheformofvCAsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydtion'sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecohreproductionsofMoran'spaintings,toeachmemberofCongress."Thevisualization,particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithomethatthisissomethingthathastobeprotected,"saysMurphy.DThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlonrstandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwithcapturinEThejourneyofficiallybeganinOgdezenofmanmadetheirwayonhorsebackintoMontanaandtraversedalongtheYellowstoneRiverFThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlonsriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That'swhyHayden'sexpeditionaimedtoprodustandingoftheyellowstoneriverregion,fromit'shotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.InadditiontotheentourgMoranandphotographerJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalGThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresInquicksuccession,theSenateandThatMarch,PresidentUlyssesS.Grantsignedanaworld'sfirstnationalpark.whilesomelocalsopposedtothedesignaaccepted-andJackson'sphotosplayedakeyroleinthefighttoprotectthearea.IthelegalprotectionwouldhavehappenedinthetimeframethatitdidwithoutthoseimaHeatherHansen,journalistandauthorofHPerhapsmostimportantly,theimagesprovideddocumentaryevidencethatlabservationintoanextensiverepaimedatconvincingSeneaguesatgovernmentagencylikethedepartmentofInteriorthatYellowstoneoughttobepTherehasbeensomeexplorationaroundtheuseofAIindigitalmarketing.Focanbeusedtoanalysewhattypeofadvertisingcontentorcopywouldbeappropriaspecifictargetcustomergroupbyrevealinginformationabouttrendstheanalysisofbigdata.(46)AIcanalsobeusedtoidentifythelifestylechoicesofcusregardingtheirhobbies,favouritecelebritiesandfashionstoprovideuniquecontentinmamessagesputoutthroughsocialmedia.AtthesametimeAforsocialmediapostsandchatsites.AIcanalsoprovideabridgebetweenthecommunicateemotionallywiththecustomerandidentifyingtheirrapidlyThemaindisadvantageofusingAItorespondtocustomersisthatthereareconcerntrustingpersonalinteractionstomachines,whichcouldleadnotonlytothesubsequentlossofinterpersonalconnections,butAIisnegativelyimpactingonthemarketer'srolebyreducingcreativityandremovingjobs,buttheyareawarethatitisawayofreducingcostsanddevelopcontentsomebrandmarketersmayfindthattheyanarrative.(48)Algorithmsthatareusedtosimulatehumaninteractionsarecreatingmanyoftheseconcerns,especiallyasno-oneisquitesurewhattheoutcomesofusingAItoiForAItobesuccessful,dataneedstobeaccessible,buttheuseofpersonaldataisbecomingmoreregulatedandtheautomatedsharingofdataisbecomingmoredifficult.(49)Ifcustomersarenotwillingtosharedata,AIwillbestarvedofessentialinformationandwfunctioneffectivelyoremploymachinelearningtoimprcommunication.Therefore,unlesscustomersarepreparedtosignreleaseagreementAImaybecomesomewhatrestrictedinthefuture.NotonlycanAIhelcontent,butitcanalsoprovideanon-intrusivewayofdeliveringthecontenttothused,websiteinteractions,andsitesvisited,todisplaymarketingmeincludingemails,socialmediafrequency.(50)Thenon-intrusivedeliveryofthemarketingmessagesinawaythatissetheneedsofthetargetcustomerisoneofthecriticalchallengestothedigitalmarketer.WriteanoticetorecruitastudentforProf.Smith'ses.Specifythedutiesandrequirementsofthejob.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiDonotwritetheaddress.(10points)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyo2)interprettheimpliedmeaning,andgiveyoYoushouldwriteneatlyo2023年考研英語(一)真題逐題細解2023年考研英語(一)真題逐題細解英漢對照MiddleEast.②Theyweretypically(1)locatedoutsidethewallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbygovernmentsor[2]OThisword"Caravanserais"isa(3)cPersianword“karvan”,whichmeansagcaravan,and“seray”,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.Thetermcaravanwasusedto(4)descrtogetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyasmerchants,travellersotravelroutesbecamemoredeveloped,the(possibilityofbeingattackedbtoextremeweatherconditions.Forthisreason,caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced(9)sothatthcultures,ideasandbeliefs,(13)withthem,greatly(14)influencingthedevelopmenownjourneys.Itis(18)believed“Caravanserais”一詞是波斯語“karvan”(17)貯備物資的第一站。人們(18)認為，主主 Ⅱ答案解析IIA.displayed展示；陳列；顯露B.occupied占用(空間、面積、時間等);占領C.located把……建造于(或安置在)D.equipped配備；裝備莊的圍墻之外被占用”,與語境不符，故排除。D選項equipped代入文中，意為“商隊客棧通常被配備在城市或村莊的圍墻之外”,單從語義角度而言，“配備”也符合要求，但equip表示“配備”時，常用搭配是sth.in…(把某物建造于/安置在……),其被動形式是sth.belocatedin…(某物被建造于/安置在……)。2棧)一般由政府或資助。由連詞or可知，空格所填詞填入后，意思應與“由政府(資助)”相對應，一般由政府資助或定期/各自1永久資助”,均無法表示與“①Thisword"Carayanserais"isaofthePersianwoftravellersoracara①Thisword"Carayanserais"isaofthePersianwB.transitionB.transition轉型；轉變；過渡D.combination結合體；聯(lián)合體；混合C.substitution代替物；代替3233【干擾排除】A選項definition、B選項transition和C選項substitution代入文中，分別意為“‘詞是波斯語‘karvan’和‘seray’的定義/轉型/代替物”,均無法體現(xiàn)“Caravanserais”與“karvan”和“seray”4一詞被用來一群出于安全考慮而結伴穿越古線路的人。結合句意及常識可的專有名稱)”,而且術語具有描述或解釋某事物的作用，故空格所填詞應表示“描述、解釋”之意，C選項【干擾排除】A選項classify、B選項record和D選項connect代入文中，分別意為“‘caravan’一詞被用來將一路的人/‘caravan’一詞被用來把一群出于安全考慮而結伴穿越古線路的人聯(lián)系起來”,一個單詞顯然不具備把某一人群進行分類/記錄/聯(lián)系起來的作用，均不符合語境，故都排除。sdescribesb./sth.tosb.(向某人描述某人/某物)、describedoingsth.(描述做某事)等。識可知，商人、旅行者、朝圣者皆屬于“出于安全考慮而結伴穿越古線路的人”中的一種，因此，空格所填詞【干擾排除】A選項apartfrom、B選項instea來描述一群出于安全考慮而結伴穿越古線路的人，除了/而不是/連同商人、旅行者或朝圣者Ⅲ商隊客棧發(fā)night.@TravellersontheSil 6【答案解析】看本句：分析可知，設空處關鍵信息點為箭頭指向的空格前后部分?？崭袼诰涮岬?，從10世紀開始，隨著商業(yè)線路和旅行線路日益發(fā)展，商隊客棧的增加了，為人們夜晚休息提供了一個安全的地方。分析可知，商業(yè)線路和旅行線路的日益發(fā)展導致路上的經(jīng)商人數(shù)和旅行人數(shù)不斷增加，人們對具備休息功能的商隊客棧的需求也會隨之增加。因此，空格所填詞應該與商隊客棧數(shù)量增加有關。備選項中，A選項【干擾排除】B選項restoration和D選項evaluation代入文中，分別意為“商隊客棧的整修/評價增加了”,與商隊客棧數(shù)量增加并無關聯(lián)，且上文并未提到與商隊客入文中，意為“商隊客棧的印象增加了”,語義不通，故排除。(1)意為“建造(或構造)的方式”,例如：stronginconstruction結構堅固。(2)意為“(句子、短語等的)結構”,例如：grammaticalconstructions語法結構。(3)意為“(理念、觀點和知識的)創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)立，建立” A.(be)assigned(to)A.(be)assigned(to)被委派；被派遣C.(be)accustomed(to)習慣于8交流和互動中心交流和互動中心44A.A.talking(point)話題；論據(jù)C.breaking(point)頂點，極限B.starting(point)出發(fā)點，起點絲綢之路上出行的各色人等的非正式點?？梢姡摼涫窃诿枋錾剃牽蜅５淖饔?。結合常識可知，客棧是供旅客住宿和休息的地方，來自四面八方的旅客會聚集在此，因此空格所填詞應能體現(xiàn)“聚集；匯合”之意。D選項meeting代入文中，與空格后的point搭配，意為“集合點”,符合語義，故正確。【干擾排除】A選項talking和C選項breaking代入文中，與空格后的point構成名詞talkingpoint和breakingpoint,分別意為“話題；論據(jù)”和“頂點，極限”,均不符合語義，故都排除。B選項starting代入文中，與空格后的A.Bytheway順便提一下們的文化、思想和信仰……因空格位于句首，且thesestructures指代不明，需結合上文分析，故進入第2步?？瓷舷戮洌悍治隹芍O空處關鍵信息點為箭頭指向的空格前后部分。四段●句提到，商隊客棧是絲綢之路上出行的各色人等的非正式集合點，由此可知，四段②句中的thesestructures指代“商隊客?！?同時分析可知，四段●②句存在語義上的因果關系：四段●句闡述了商隊客棧作為集合點的作用，緊接著四段②句說明了這B.revival復興；振興D.statusB.revival復興；振興D.status地位；身份C.exchange交流；交談建筑物成了重要的文化和互動中心，旅行者們分享他們的文化、思想和信仰……由空格所在句中的第一個并列連詞and可知，cultural與(cultural)interaction(<文化>互動)在語義上存在并列關系，且由“旅化地位”,但原文并未出現(xiàn)與這三者相關的信息，故都排除。D.inlinewith與……相似(或緊密相連)B.influencingB.influencing影響；對……起D.pioneering倡導；當開拓者；做先鋒C.resuming重新開始；繼續(xù)5566V商隊客棧對商業(yè)發(fā)展有促進作用但現(xiàn)存情況不【答案解析】看本句：分析可知，設空處關鍵信息點為箭頭指向的空格前后部分?？崭袼诰涮岬?，因此，這些建筑物成了重要的文化交流和互動中心，旅行者們不僅分享他們的文化、思想和信仰，還各自帶回知識，極大地多個文明的發(fā)展?？梢?，此句意在表明旅行者們分享文化、思想和信仰以及各自帶回知識給文明發(fā)展所V商隊客棧對商業(yè)發(fā)展有促進作用但現(xiàn)存情況不【干擾排除】A選項completing、C選項resuming和D選項pioneering代入文中，分別表示“完成/重新開始/倡導多個文明的發(fā)展”,而原文旨在表達“旅行者們的交流與互動給多個文明的發(fā)展帶來的影響”,三個選項均無法表達這一含義，故都排除。【考點剖析】句內(nèi)語義及動詞辨析。該題中，現(xiàn)在分詞influencing與其后內(nèi)容共同構成現(xiàn)在分詞短語，在句中作狀語。現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)在句中作狀語的幾種常見情況如下：(1)作時間狀語，相當于when、while引導的時間狀語從句，例如：Hearingthesestories,I'mskepticalabouttheplace.聽到這些描述后，我對這個地方產(chǎn)生了懷willseetherailwaystationonyourright.在十字路口左轉，你就會看到火車站在你的右邊。(3)作原因狀語，相當fromPaddington.我那天到辦公室較早，是因為趕上了七點半從帕丁頓出發(fā)的火車。(4)作方式狀語，一般不可轉化為方式狀語從句，例如：Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices.我總是用不同的聲音朗讀。(5)作伴隨狀語，例如：Atall,darkwomanapproachedher,singingloudly.(6)作結果狀語，相當于sothat引導的結果狀語從句，例如：Anavalancheonceclosedthepath,killing63people,曾有一場雪崩封閉了這條道路，致使63人喪生。(7)作目的狀語，例如：Ruralschoolingwasdividedinto學校的學期分為夏季和冬季，目的是讓孩子們在春耕和秋收時有空幫忙做農(nóng)活。ofgoodsalongtheSicaravanseraiswerebtoday,manyofwhicharein_20D.competed競爭；對抗【答案解析】看本句：分析可知，設空處關鍵信息點為箭頭指向的空格前后部分?？崭袼诰涮岬?，商隊客棧也是重要的商品市場，絲綢之路沿線的貨物貿(mào)易。分析句子結構可知，werealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommodities和inthetradeofgoodsalongtheSilkRoad為and連接的并列結構。由空格所在句中的and前的部分描述商隊客棧的重要作用可知，and后的部分也應描述商隊客棧的重要作用。A選項aided代人文中，符合語義及邏輯，故正確?！靖蓴_排除】B選項invested代人文中，意為“商隊客棧投資絲綢之路沿線的貨物貿(mào)易”,但文中并未提及商隊客棧是否投資貨物貿(mào)易的相關信息，故排除。C選項failed代入文中，意為“商隊客棧未能促成絲綢之路沿線的貨物貿(mào)易”,D選項competed代入文中，意為“商隊客棧在絲綢之路沿線的貨物貿(mào)易中競爭”,兩者均不能體現(xiàn)商隊客棧的重要作用，故都排除。【考點剖析】句內(nèi)語義、句內(nèi)邏輯關系及動詞辨析。aid除了具有動詞詞性，還具有名詞詞性。aid作名詞時，常見的含義如下：(1)意為“援助；救援物資；援助款項”,例如：economicaid(經(jīng)濟援助)。(2)意為“幫助”,例如：Hewasforcedtotumforaidtohisformerenemy.他被迫向他以前的敵人尋求幫助。(3)意為“輔助設備”,A.Rather相反，反而B.IndeedA.Rather相反，反而過過明文斯確實是父親。(2)“(用于very和形容詞或副詞之后，強調(diào)敘述、描寫等)真正地”,例如：MostofA.believA.believed認為有可能；相信88[1]0TheweatherinTexasmayhave[1]0TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooextremeheat,butthetemperaturewillofEducationmeetinginAustint[2]OPatHardy,whosympathiseswiththeviewsofenergysector,isresistingproposedchangestoscienforpre-teenpupils.Thesewouldemphasisetheprimacyofhumanactivityinrecentclimatechangeandencourage命題分析命題分析Text1選自2021年11月1日的FinancialTimes(《金融時報》),原文標題為“SchoolsFaceCallstoBoost(21)自最近的極端高溫以來，得克薩斯(21)自最近的極端高溫以來，得克薩斯[3]0Mostscientistsandviews.②"Theycasuallydismissthecareerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermianon-profitgroupthatmonitorsputoooftenbythepoliticalideologyofpartisanboaratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship.”andaroundtheworld,asresearchers,policymakers,teachersEducation,anon-profitgroupofscientistsanchangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelB+orhigher.Amongthe10worstperfthemostpopulousstates[6]0GlennBranch,thecentre'sdeputydi[7]OAnotherissueisthat,whprominentinmanysocialstudifofficialguidelinesandtextbooksreflectscientificmoreslantedperspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.定的。”99二段●句瀏覽后發(fā)現(xiàn)，該題屬于特殊類別中的寫作目的題，僅從題干角度解題最為高效。的極端高溫以來，得克薩斯州的天氣可能已經(jīng)轉涼，但本月在奧斯汀舉行的州教育委員會會議上，討論氣氛將一段僅提到，官員們將就應如何在得克薩斯州的學校教授氣候變化進行辯論，并未提變的相關信息，也未提及氣候變化的后果，故排除A和B。二段●句僅提到，帕特·哈迪對能源部門的觀點表示贊同，并未提及公眾對能源短缺關注的相關信息，故排除D。二段●句二段①句、三段●句找關鍵詞：Quinn和Hardy?；匚亩ㄎ唬焊鶕?jù)關鍵詞可定位至二段●句和三段●2句。比對匹配：二段●句提到，Hardy對能源部門的觀點表示贊同，她正在抵制修改面向十一二歲學生的科學標準這一提議。三段●句提到，大多數(shù)科學家和專家都對Hardy的觀點提出了尖銳的質(zhì)疑。三段②句提到，Quinn認學家的工作成果，將其視為又一種錯誤的觀點。由此可知，Quinn是對H的“他們”指代的是Hardy以及其他與Hardy觀點一致的人。綜上可知，Quinn認為Hardy否認科學工作的價故B正確。CDCDB.政策制定者在科學教育方面幾C.得克薩斯州不愿意重寫其科學五段●句三段②句沒有干勁，選項與原文表意相反，故排除B。地方廣為銷售，并未提及得克薩斯州不愿意重寫其科學教科書的相關信息，故排除絡的性質(zhì)，并未提及一些州的環(huán)境教學缺乏監(jiān)督，故排除D。C.影響有限六段●句提到，Branch提醒道，在一個將決策權下放給地方學校委員會的國家，制定州級科學由此可知，Branch認為美國的州級科學標準影響有限，故C正確。25.Itisimpliedinthelastparagr25.Itisimpliedinthelastparagr李自21世紀10年代愛彼迎等網(wǎng)站興起以來，整個新英格蘭的社區(qū)一直在試圖監(jiān)管短期租賃。(26)如今，隨著房價創(chuàng)歷史新高、房屋找關鍵詞：local?；匚亩ㄎ唬桓鶕?jù)關鍵詞可定位至六段④句。比對匹配；該句提到，在一個將決策權下D放給地方學校委員會的國家，制定州級科學標準只是一個有限的基準?？梢姡摼鋬H表明地方學校委員大指法最后一段暗示一些學校的氣候變化最后一段暗示一些學校的氣候變化B.reflectsteachers'persoD.canbeswayedbyexA.同意公眾的主要要求B.反映教師的個人偏見C.可能會歪曲能源部門二段①句八段●到，雖然越來越多的官方指南和教科書反映對氣候變化的科學共識，但正在向老師分發(fā)的仍是傳達了更帶有偏這些非官方材料便是影響氣候變化教學的外力，因而一些學校的氣候變化教學可能會被外力左右，故D正確。C找關鍵詞：demands?；匚亩ㄎ唬焊鶕?jù)關鍵詞可定位至四段。比對匹配：該段提到，研究人員、政策制定者、教師和學生越來越多地要求加強關注在學校教授有關氣候變化的事實。該句對學校氣候變化教學的要求，并未提及學校的氣候變化教學同意這些公眾群體的要求，故排除A。比對匹配：該句提到，正在向老師分發(fā)的仍是傳達了更帶有偏向性觀點的非官方教學材料。該句表明非官方教學材料傳達了更帶有偏向性的觀點，而不是教師的個人偏見，故排除迪對能源部門的觀點表示贊同，并未提及能源部門可能會被學校的氣候變化教學歪曲，故Q命題分析thesupplyofrentalhousing.'Expertsdiscusstheimpactofshort-termrentals.”(《“我們在租賃住房供應方面正面臨危機?！睂＜覀冇懻摱套獾挠绊憽?。本文主要介紹了不同專家對短期租賃的看法，指出了短期租賃中存在的題目設置：26題為判斷正誤題，27題為寫作目的題，28題和29題為細節(jié)理解題，30題為觀點態(tài)度題。英漢對照tookoffinthe2010s.②Now,withrecord-highhomehistoricallylowinventory,there'sanincreasedurgencyinregulation,particularlyamongthosewhoworrythatdevelopers[2}OInNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehdroppedbelow1percent,housingadvocatesfeashort-termrentalswillputfurtherstrainedmarket.Thehousing,”saidNickTaylor,executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalitionoftheGreaterSeacoast.WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsouthernNewHampshiretowns,“employersarehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,andworkersarehavingahardtimefindingaplacetolive,”Taylorsaid.[4]OHowever,short-termrentalsalsoprotourists,pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOofalocalassociationofrealtor.“Alotofworkersareservicingthetouristindustry,andterm,”Castlesaid,“andsoit'sacyclicaleffect.”[5]0Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoissue,saidKerenHorn,anexpertonaffordablehousingpolicisagoodthing.Ifit'stheirvacationhomeanyway,andit'sjuempty,whycan'tyoumakemoneyoffiarise,however,whendevelopersattempttocshort-termrentalfacilitieandregulations.“Ithinkthequestionis,shouldn'tadewho'sreallybuildingaho[6]OAttheendof2018,GovernorCharlieBakerMassachusettssignedabilltoreininthosepotentialinvesbuyer