英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法

A.主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的_______。B.被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的_______。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.執(zhí)行者承受者2021/5/91

不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者

是誰。e.g.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.

一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.

這本書出版于1981年。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)2021/5/92(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的 執(zhí)行者。e.g.ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.

窗戶是邁克打破的。

Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.

這本書是他寫的。2021/5/932021/5/941.Peopleuseaknifeforcuttingthings.Aknife_________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom______________twiceamonth.

isusedarecleaned3.Chineseathleteswonmanygoldmedals.Manygoldmedals_________byChineseathletes.

werewon2021/5/95WespeakEnglish.主語謂語賓語Englishisspoken

by

us.主語謂語賓語Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.Theclassroom

wascleaned

bythemyesterday.

2021/5/962021/5/97將來，城市會(huì)建造新醫(yī)院Inthefuture,anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.明年幾千棵樹會(huì)被種在小山上。Thousandsoftreeswillbeplantedonthehillnextyear.2021/5/98They

will

finish

theworksoon.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)soon.Myfatherwillnotpunishmeformymistake.Iwill/shallnotbepunishedbymyfatherformymistake.2021/5/991.Won’twaterbeturnedintoicewhenitisbelowfreezing?2.---Willtheworkbefinishedatonce?

---Yes,itwill.2021/5/910Whenwillthesebooksbepublished?Whomwillthisbookbewrittenby?2021/5/911Nobody______________(allow)toenterthestadiumwithoutaticket.2.Children_______________(notallow)tomakeanoiseandupsetthecompetitors.Iftheydo,they________________(takeaway)fromthestadium.

Rulesfortheaudience

willbeallowedwon’tbeallowedwillbetakenaway2021/5/9123.Noanimals______________(allow)inthestadium.4.Cheatingbyathletes___________ ________(notexcuse).They __________(tell)toleaveand_______________(punish).5.Nosmoking_____________(allow),ifyouarediscovered,you___________(fine).willbeallowedwillnotbewillbetoldexcusedwillbepunishedwillbeallowedwillbefined2021/5/9131.Thework______soon.

A.willbefinished

B.hasbeenfinished

C.willfinish

D.finishes2.I______ifIfinishtheworkwithinoneday.shallbepraised

B.wouldpraise

C.willpraise

D.praise2021/5/9143.Thesefilms______untiltomorrowmorning.can’tdevelop

B.aren’tdeveloping

C.won’tbedeveloped

D.won’tdevelop4.Hundredsofjobs______ifthefactorycloses.A.lose

B.willbelost

C.arelost

D.willlose2021/5/9155.—Apartyisgoingto______tonight.Wouldyouliketogowithme?

—I’dliketo,butIhavetolookaftermysickmother.

A.organize

B.havebeenorganized

C.beorganizing

D.beorganized6.Stamps______bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused2021/5/916ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Lookatthefollowingsentence,payattentiontotheunderlinedpart.Example:OvertimeIhavebeenchangedalot.Canyoufindoutmorethantwosentencesinthepresentperfectpassivevoicefromthereadingpassage?IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold.Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.Ihavebeenevenputintospacerockets...2021/5/9171.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)肯定句句型：主語+have/hasbeen+過去分詞Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)否定句句型：主語+have/has+not+been+過去分詞Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet.

Manyworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany.Ⅱ.句型：2021/5/9183.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般疑問句句型：Have/Has+主語+been+過去分詞...?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?

HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)特殊疑問句句型：疑問詞+have/has+主語+been+過去分詞...?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?2021/5/9193.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般疑問句句型：Have/Has+主語+been+過去分詞...?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?

HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)特殊疑問句句型：疑問詞+have/has+主語+been+過去分詞...?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?2021/5/920Thebuildings,destroy,earthquakeThebuildings

havebeendestroyed

intheearthquake.Makingupsentencesusing

presentperfectpassivevoice:【即學(xué)即練】1.2021/5/921machinereplacecomputerThemachinehasbeenreplacedbythecomputer.2.2021/5/922newbridge,build,inourcityAnewbridge

hasbeenbuilt

inourcity.3.2021/5/923Manytreeshavebeenplantedalongtheroad.manytrees,plant,alongtheroad4.2021/5/9241.表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在說話之前,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。Thedoorhasbeenlocked.

2.表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能持續(xù)下去,常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用,或用于Howlong...?句型中。Ⅲ.用法:2021/5/925EXAMPLE1.Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.2.Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志:recently/already/yet/for+一段時(shí)間/since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)【點(diǎn)津】2021/5/926注意1.只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài),不及物動(dòng)詞(詞組)沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如:happen,takeplace,die,appear,disappear,fail,remain,lie,last,sit,stand,breakout,cometrue,belongto等。What

hashappened

toyourbrother?2021/5/9272.但許多不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，也可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但動(dòng)詞短語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語的介詞或副詞。Thechildhasbeentakengoodcare

of

byhisgrandmaalltheseyears.Anoticehasbeenput

uponthewall.2021/5/9283.一些特殊動(dòng)詞,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思,則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?()Howlongagowasthisbookbought?()×√2021/5/929用被動(dòng)語態(tài)改寫下列句子。Theyhaveopenedthreetrainingcentersinthiscitybynow.2.Wehavebuiltanewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolthisyear.Anewlibraryandagymnasiumhavebeenbuiltinourschoolthisyear(byus).Threetrainingcentershavebeenopenedinthiscity(bythem)bynow.2021/5/9303.Theyhavemadeaplantohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.4.ThegovernmenthasspentalotofmoneyontheHopeProject.Aplanhasbeenmadebythemtohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.

AlotofmoneyhasbeenspentontheH