環(huán)境專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)-8-PART-2-3

PART2ATMOSPHERICCHEMISTRYANDAIRPOLLUTION&CONTROL1Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControlBiofiltration:AnInnovativeAirPollutionControlTechnologyforVOCEmissionsTheconceptofusingmicroorganismsfortheremovalofenvironmentallyundesirablecompoundsbybiodegradationhasbeenwellestablishedintheareaofwastewatertreatmentforseveraldecades.2[,bai?u,f?l‘tre??n]n.生物過(guò)濾filtrationn.過(guò)濾；篩選[,ma?kro‘?rg?n,?z?m]n.微生物(Page63,paragraph1)['?n?v?t?v]adj.革新的,創(chuàng)新的揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl[,?nd?‘za??r?bl]n./adj.不良的;不受歡迎的[‘ba???,deɡr?’de???n]n.生物降解3Biofiltration:AnInnovativeAirPollutionControlTechnologyforVOCEmissionsTheconceptofusingmicroorganismsfortheremovalofenvironmentallyundesirablecompoundsbybiodegradationhasbeenwellestablishedintheareaofwastewatertreatmentforseveraldecades.生物過(guò)濾微生物(Page63,paragraph1)創(chuàng)新的揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl不良的生物降解4

直到…才(Page63,continuedonparagraph1)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControlNotuntilrecently,

however,

havebiologicaltechnologiesbeenseriouslyconsideredintheUnitedStatesfortheremovalofpollutantsfromotherenvironmentalmedia.5Moreover,

whilebioremediationtechniquesarenowbeingappliedsuccessfullyforthetreatmentofsoilandgroundwatercontaminatedbysyntheticorganics,

atpresentthereisverylittlepracticalexperiencewithbiologicalsystemsforthecontrolofaircontaminantsamongenvironmentalprofessionalsintheU.S..[,ba?or?,midi‘e??n]n.生物修復(fù);生物降解;生物除污(利用微生物凈化有毒廢物場(chǎng)或受污染水域等)['pr?kt?kl]adj.實(shí)際的；實(shí)用性的(Page63,continuedonparagraph1)[k?n‘t?m?net]vt.污染[s?n‘θ?t?k]adj.合成的Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl[pr?‘f???nl]n./adj.專(zhuān)業(yè)人員/專(zhuān)業(yè)的6Moreover,

whilebioremediationtechniquesarenowbeingappliedsuccessfullyforthetreatmentofsoilandgroundwatercontaminatedbysyntheticorganics,atpresentthereisverylittlepracticalexperiencewithbiologicalsystemsforthecontrolofaircontaminantsamongenvironmentalprofessionalsintheU.S..生物治理實(shí)際的(Page63,continuedonparagraph1)污染合成的Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl專(zhuān)業(yè)人員7Infact,

fewenvironmentalprofessionalsinthiscountryappeartobeawarethat“biofiltration,”i.e.,thebiologicalremovalofaircontaminantsfromoff-gasstreamsinasolidphasereactor,

isnowawellestablishedairpollutioncontrol(APC)technologyinseveralEuropeancountries,

mostnotablyTheNetherlandsandGermany.n.出口氣,排氣;尾氣;廢氣(Page63,continuedonparagraph1)[‘nee?l?ndz]n.荷蘭Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物過(guò)濾8Infact,

fewenvironmentalprofessionalsinthiscountryappeartobeawarethat“biofiltration,”i.e.,thebiologicalremovalofaircontaminantsfromoff-gasstreamsinasolidphasereactor,

isnowawellestablishedairpollutioncontrol(APC)technologyinseveralEuropeancountries,

mostnotablyTheNetherlandsandGermany.排氣(Page63,continuedonparagraph1)荷蘭adj.很少的；幾乎沒(méi)有的Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物過(guò)濾9Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControlfew、afew、little、alittle的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系：few/afew用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞。few表示否定意義，“沒(méi)有，幾乎沒(méi)有”afew表示有肯定意思，“有幾個(gè)”little/alittle用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞。little表示否定意思，“沒(méi)有，幾乎沒(méi)有”alittle表示肯定意思，“有一點(diǎn)兒”

10Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControlfew、afew、little、alittle

[辯析]

few與little作形容詞用，都表示“幾乎沒(méi)有”，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)否定詞：few后面跟復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。e.g.fewbooksfewstudents

little后面跟單數(shù)不可數(shù)詞。e.g.littlewaterlittlefood

afew與alittle都表示肯定的意思，指“有一點(diǎn)，有一些”：afew后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。alittle后加不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。alittle與little也可以用作副詞，表示“有點(diǎn)/稍稍/很少”:e.g.Shesleptlittlelastnight.11InEurope,

biofiltrationhasbeenusedsuccessfullytocontrolodors,

andbothorganicandinorganicairpollutantsthataretoxictohumans[airtoxics,aswellasvolatileorganiccompounds(VOC)fromavarietyofindustrialandpublicsectorsources].['v?l?ta?l]n./adj.揮發(fā)性的(Page63,paragraph2)種種；各種各樣的…[‘s?kt?]n.部門(mén)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物過(guò)濾12InEurope,

biofiltrationhasbeenusedsuccessfullytocontrolodors,

andbothorganicandinorganicairpollutantsthataretoxictohumans[airtoxics,aswellasvolatileorganiccompounds(VOC)fromavarietyofindustrialandpublicsectorsources].揮發(fā)性的(Page63,paragraph2)部門(mén)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物過(guò)濾13ThedevelopmentofbiofiltrationinWestGermany,mostofwhichtookplaceinthelate1970sandthe1980s,wasbroughtaboutbyacombinationofincreasinglystringentregulatoryrequirementsandfinancialsupportfromfederalandstategovernments.引起;使掉頭(Page63,continuedonparagraph2)[‘str?nd??nt]adj.嚴(yán)格的;嚴(yán)厲的;緊縮的;短缺的[?r?ɡj??le?t?ri]adj.管理的;控制的;調(diào)整的Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物過(guò)濾14ThedevelopmentofbiofiltrationinWestGermany,mostofwhichtookplaceinthelate1970sandthe1980s,wasbroughtaboutbyacombinationofincreasinglystringentregulatoryrequirementsandfinancialsupportfromfederalandstategovernments.引起(Page63,continuedonparagraph2)嚴(yán)格的管理的Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物過(guò)濾15TheexperiencesinEuropehavedemonstratedthatbiofiltrationhaseconomicandotheradvantagesoverexistingAPCtechnologies,

particularlyifappliedtooff-gasstreamsthatcontainonlylowconcentrations(typicallylessthan1000ppmasmethane)ofairpollutantsthatareeasilybiodegraded.[‘d?m?n’stret]v.證明[‘m?θen]n.甲烷(Page63,continuedonparagraph2)空氣污染控制百萬(wàn)分之…（partspermillion）Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物過(guò)濾16TheexperiencesinEuropehavedemonstratedthatbiofiltrationhaseconomicandotheradvantagesoverexistingAPCtechnologies,

particularlyifappliedtooff-gasstreamsthatcontainonlylowconcentrations(typicallylessthan1000ppmasmethane)ofairpollutantsthatareeasilybiodegraded.證明甲烷(Page63,continuedonparagraph2)空氣污染控制Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl生物過(guò)濾17TheprincipalreasonswhybiofiltrationisnotpresentlywellrecognizedintheU.S.,

andhasbeenappliedinonlyafewcases,

appeartobealackofregulatoryprograms,littlegovernmentalsupportforresearchanddevelopment,andlackofdescriptionswrittenintheEnglishlanguage.…['pr?ns?pl]adj.主要的;資本的(Page63,paragraph3)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl管理的[d?'skr?p??n]n.描述,描寫(xiě);類(lèi)型;說(shuō)明書(shū)18TheprincipalreasonswhybiofiltrationisnotpresentlywellrecognizedintheU.S.,

andhasbeenappliedinonlyafewcases,

appeartobealackofregulatoryprograms,littlegovernmentalsupportforresearchanddevelopment,andlackofdescriptionswrittenintheEnglishlanguage.…主要的(Page63,paragraph3)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl管理的19…Forexample,thefirstlargescalesystemforVOCcontrolinCalifornia,

abiofiltertotreatethanolemissionsfromaninvestmentfoundryinLosAngelesareaisbeingplannedwithco-fundingbytheSouthCoastAirQualityManagementDistrict(SCAQMD).Adetaileddescriptionofthissysterm,

andananalysisofitsperformanceareprovidedelsewhere.[b??'f?lt?r]n.生物過(guò)濾器[‘fa?ndri]n.鑄造廠(Page64,paragraph1)[‘?θ?n?l]n.乙醇[?n‘v?stm?nt]n.投資Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl揮發(fā)性有機(jī)污染物

南海岸空氣質(zhì)量管理區(qū)20…Forexample,thefirstlargescalesystemforVOCcontrolinCalifornia,

abiofiltertotreatethanolemissionsfromaninvestmentfoundryinLosAngelesareaisbeingplannedwithco-fundingbytheSouthCoastAirQualityManagementDistrict(SCAQMD).Adetaileddescriptionofthissysterm,

andananalysisofitsperformanceareprovidedelsewhere.生物過(guò)濾器鑄造廠(Page64,paragraph1)乙醇投資Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl揮發(fā)性有機(jī)污染物

南海岸空氣質(zhì)量管理區(qū)21Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl由and連接兩個(gè)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，AandB分為以下四種情況：A、B表示不同的人、物或者觀念的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式：LiMingandZhangHuaaregoodstudents.A、B表示同一個(gè)人、物或者觀念的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式：Theturnerandfitterisundertwenty-five.and連接幾個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)由each、every、no、many等詞修飾的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)：Eachboyandeachgirlisinvited.Everyboyandgirlisinvited.A、B為兩個(gè)不可分的東西時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：Alawandruleaboutprotectingenvironmenthasbeendrawnup.Breadandbutterisnutritious.22ThemajorobjectiveofthepresentpaperistoprovideacomprehensivereviewofimportantaspectsofbiofiltrationinordertomorewidelydisseminateaboutthisinnovativeAPCtechnology,

andtoencourageitsimplementationwhereappropriateintheU.S.

.…[?kɑ?mpr??hens?v]n.綜合的[??propr??t;(forv.)??propr?et]

adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；恰?dāng)?shù)?；合適的vt.占用，撥出(Page64,paragraph2)[d?‘s?m?net]v.宣傳;散布[?mpl?men‘te??(?)n]n.安裝啟用;實(shí)現(xiàn)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl空氣污染控制23ThemajorobjectiveofthepresentpaperistoprovideacomprehensivereviewofimportantaspectsofbiofiltrationinordertomorewidelydisseminateaboutthisinnovativeAPCtechnology,

andtoencourageitsimplementationwhereappropriateintheU.S.

.…綜合的合適的(Page64,paragraph2)散布實(shí)現(xiàn)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl空氣污染控制24Suggestionstotreatodorousoff-gasesbybiologicalmethodscanbefoundinliteratureasearlyas1923whenBachdiscussedthebasicconceptofthecontrolofH2Semissionsfromsewagetreatmentplants.…['??d(?)r?s]adj.香的;有氣味的;難聞的[l?t?r??t??r]n.文獻(xiàn)[?su?d?]n.污水;下水道;(Page64,paragraph3)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl巴赫25Suggestionstotreatodorousoff-gasesbybiologicalmethodscanbefoundinliteratureasearlyas1923whenBachdiscussedthebasicconceptofthecontrolofH2Semissionsfromsewagetreatmentplants.…有氣味的文獻(xiàn)污水(Page64,paragraph3)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl巴赫26…TheirworkincludedthesuccessfulinstallationofseveralsoilfiltersatawastewatertreatmentplantnearSeattleanddemonstratedthatbiodegradationratherthansorptionaccountedfortheodorremoval.[‘?nst?’le??n]n.安裝;就職(Page64,paragraph4)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl27安裝(Page64,paragraph4)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl…TheirworkincludedthesuccessfulinstallationofseveralsoilfiltersatawastewatertreatmentplantnearSeattleanddemonstratedthatbiodegradationratherthansorptionaccountedfortheodorremoval.28…SuccessfulsoilbedapplicationsintheU.S.includethecontrolofodorsfromrenderingplants,andthedestructionofpropaneandbutanereleasedfromanaerosolcanfillingoperation.['r?nd?r??]n.翻譯;表現(xiàn);表演;描寫(xiě);打底;（建筑物等）透視圖(Page64,paragraph5)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControlrenderingplant煉油廠Wikipedia:

Renderingisaprocessthatconvertswasteanimaltissueintostable,usablematerials.Renderingcanrefertoanyprocessingofanimalproductsintomoreusefulmaterials,or,morenarrowly,totherenderingofwholeanimalfattytissueintopurifiedfatslikelardortallow.[‘pro’pen]n.丙烷[‘bj?ten]n.丁烷氣溶膠罐;噴罐29…SuccessfulsoilbedapplicationsintheU.S.includethecontrolofodorsfromrenderingplants,andthedestructionofpropaneandbutanereleasedfromanaerosolcanfillingoperation.煉油廠(Page64,paragraph5)Unit10NewTechnologiesofAirPollutionControl丙烷丁烷氣溶膠罐30Whilesoilbedshave